Tripartite Assessment Research Articles

Portuguese Validation of a Reduced Version of the IAT (Internet Addiction Test) Scale—Youth Version

This study adapted and assessed a shortened version of the IAT (Internet Addiction Test) scale completed by young people aged 12 years and older regarding their online behaviors and risk of online addiction. The psychometric qualities of the reduced version (Screening IAT—youth) are presented in order to validate the use of this version in the early detection of online addiction. The total sample was composed of 3021 participants that were 55.9% female and 44.1% male, with a mean age of x = 15 years (σ = 3.028), attending junior high school (56.2%), high school (37.8%), and college (5.9%). The procedure included a factorial analysis in which the total sample was randomly divided into three samples. An exploratory factor analysis was performed with one part of the sample, and a confirmatory factor analysis was performed with the other parts, assessing internal consistency, construct reliability, and discriminant validity. The results indicate that this reduced version of the IAT for young people has good psychometric qualities and that it can be applied in research and clinical settings. With this version and the parent–teacher version, there is a direct contribution to a tripartite assessment of internet addiction risk.

Development of a method and an assessment construct for person-centered translation of dementia public stigma scales.

With the number of people with dementia dramatically increasing over time and dementia becoming a major health concern worldwide, scales have been developed to assess the stigma socially attached to this neurodegenerative disorder. There are, however, almost no available methods and assessment constructs for person-centered translation of dementia public stigma scales. To develop such a method and such an assessment construct by translating the Dementia Public Stigma Scale (DPSS) into standard written Chinese. We translated the DPSS following three major steps: (1) literal translation and mistranslation identification; (2) panel discussions of items with problematic translations; and (3) the final checking of the translated scale. Informed by the translation and adaptation process, we then developed a method for person-centered translation of dementia public stigma scales. Based on this method and our panel discussions, we finally proposed a tripartite assessment construct for quality evaluation of the translation of dementia public stigma scales. Forward and backward translation did not work sufficiently in dementia public stigma scale translation. Mistranslations were induced by three major causes, including confusion caused by multiple Chinese meanings of the immediate Chinese direct translation, the lack of immediate Chinese direct translation because of varying positive/negative emotions attached to multiple translations, and the lack of culture-specific idioms in Chinese. Based on these factors, we proposed a tripartite dementia translation assessment construct. Following this assessment tool, we determined the best Chinese version that could further be tested for its psychometric properties among the public. A method and an assessment construct for person-centered translation of dementia public stigma scales were developed. Such a method and such an assessment construct could be followed in the translation of dementia public stigma scales and the translation evaluation of such scales.

What We Know about and What Is New in Primary Aldosteronism.

Primary aldosteronism (PA), a significant and curable cause of secondary hypertension, is seen in 5-10% of hypertensive patients, with its prevalence contingent upon the severity of the hypertension. The principal aetiologies of PA include bilateral idiopathic hypertrophy (BIH) and aldosterone-producing adenomas (APAs), while the less frequent causes include unilateral hyperplasia, familial hyperaldosteronism (FH) types I-IV, aldosterone-producing carcinoma, and ectopic aldosterone synthesis. This condition, characterised by excessive aldosterone secretion, leads to augmented sodium and water reabsorption alongside potassium loss, culminating in distinct clinical hallmarks: elevated aldosterone levels, suppressed renin levels, and hypertension. Notably, hypokalaemia is present in only 28% of patients with PA and is not a primary indicator. The association of PA with an escalated cardiovascular risk profile, independent of blood pressure levels, is notable. Patients with PA exhibit a heightened incidence of cardiovascular events compared to counterparts with essential hypertension, matched for age, sex, and blood pressure levels. Despite its prevalence, PA remains frequently undiagnosed, underscoring the imperative for enhanced screening protocols. The diagnostic process for PA entails a tripartite assessment: the aldosterone/renin ratio (ARR) as the initial screening tool, followed by confirmatory and subtyping tests. A positive ARR necessitates confirmatory testing to rule out false positives. Subtyping, achieved through computed tomography and adrenal vein sampling, aims to distinguish between unilateral and bilateral PA forms, guiding targeted therapeutic strategies. New radionuclide imaging may facilitate and accelerate such subtyping and localisation. For unilateral adrenal adenoma or hyperplasia, surgical intervention is optimal, whereas bilateral idiopathic hyperplasia warrants treatment with mineralocorticoid antagonists (MRAs). This review amalgamates established and emerging insights into the management of primary aldosteronism.

The Experience and Performance of Female Airline Pilots in Taiwan - A Tripartite Assessment

The pilot profession remains one of the most notable gender-imbalanced occupations in the aviation industry, with women making up a far lower percentage than men. Nevertheless, the experiences and challenges faced by female pilots in the workplace is worth exploring. Previous studies have mostly approached these issues from the perspective of male and/or female pilots, ignoring the opinions of managers responsible for flight operations. This study fills this research gap by adding flight operations managers' assessments of female pilots to explore the topic from a broader and comprehensive tripartite perspective. In addition, gender issues in the cockpit and the impact of female pilot participation are also discussed. The research is conducted through in-depth interviews covering flight operations managers, male pilots, and female pilots in three different Taiwanese airlines. The findings of this study reveal that the performance of female pilots is generally affirmed by flight operations managers and male pilots, and the participation of female pilots produces some chemical effects on the culture of the cockpit, which also contributes to crew resource management and flight safety. Contrary to previous research findings, the female pilots interviewed in this study do not feel that they are being challenged or abused in relation to their gender. Finally, several recommendations are given to the airlines to implement CRM training programs and recruit female pilots.

Performance indicators of water supply network of Goma Township in the Democratic Republic of Congo: a tripartite assessment

In Goma Township, the water supply system has become ineffective and insufficient against the background of an increasing population with high water demand. A study was therefore carried out to assess the water supply network of Goma Township using three performances indicators with a view to proposing possible solutions to the existing water supply challenges. The methodology involved the assessment and evaluation of the water production, the physical characteristics, and the hydraulic characteristics of the current water supply network. The research utilized secondary data comprising technical reports from review of the literature, GIS data sets, and a database of the existing network converted into an EPANET model to assess its performances. The results generally showed a low performance of the current water supply system (production capacity: 11%, hydraulic characteristic: 33%, physical characteristic: 71%) mainly related to the water demand which has outpaced the water supply capacity and several design issues. The methodology used in this study and the results obtained can be used not only for Goma Township but also by other Sub-Saharan African cities in order to solve the urban water supply crisis.

Postsecondary Entrance Examinations in Nigeria: A Critical Analysis of the Design and Predictive Validity of the Tripartite Assessment System

Admission into post-secondary education requires the fulfillment of specific standards or criteria by prospective candidates. Criteria include, but are not limited to, standardized examinations, resumes, intent statements, tests, interviews, etc. In Nigeria, prospective students must pass three examinations as part of the admission process into post-secondary programs. Reports suggest these examinations lack the best design features and have very low predictive validity in student success in post-secondary programs and their job roles after graduation. This paper critically evaluates the design features of SSCE, UTME, and PUTME in the context of Nigeria and their predictive validity towards student learning and success as graduates. Implications of the Nigerian post-secondary entrance assessment system are discussed. Recommendations are offered from two jurisdictional models to improve the current status of the tripartite post-secondary entrance assessment system in Nigeria.

Tripartite Assessment of Right Ventricular Systolic Function in Persistent Pulmonary Hypertension of the Newborn.

Non-invasive evaluation of right ventricular (RV) systolic function in neonates with pulmonary hypertension (PH) with traditional metrics including RV fractional area change (FAC) and tricuspid annular systolic plane excursion (TAPSE) has improved outcomes. Apical three-chamber (3C) RV-FAC, a novel tripartite assessment of the RV, has recently been described in healthy infants. We assess the utility of 3C RV-FAC and biplane RV-FAC in delayed transitioning and neonatal PH. Echocardiograms for 22 normal infants and 22 infants with PH were retrospectively analyzed for RV systolic function indices including four chamber (4C), 3C, and biplane RV-FAC, TAPSE, Tei index, and RV systolic excursion velocity (S'). 4C, 3C, and biplane RV-FAC correlated with PH severity and was decreased in neonates with PH compared to normal neonates (biplane RV-FAC 31.7 ± 13.4% vs. 41 .9 ± 4.7%, p = 0.002). TAPSE was significantly decreased in neonates with PH, but did not correlate with PH severity. Other RV systolic function metrics were not significantly different between normal neonates and neonates with PH. 3C RV-FAC and biplane RV-FAC are lower in neonates with PH. 3C and biplane RV-FAC may allow for improved assessment of global RV systolic dysfunction in newborns with delayed transitioning or PH compared to the commonly used regional methods.

The Need-Relevant Instructor Behaviors Scale: Development and Initial Validation.

This article outlines the development and validation of the Need-Relevant Instructor Behaviors Scale (NIBS). Drawing from self-determination theory, the NIBS is the first observation tool designed to code the frequency and the intensity of autonomy-, competence-, and relatedness-relevant behaviors of exercise instructors. The scale also captures the frequency of need-indifferent behaviors. The behaviors of 27 exercise instructors were coded by trained raters on two occasions, before and after they received training in adaptive motivational communication. Findings supported the structural validity and reliability of the scale. The scale's sensitivity to detect changes in frequency and intensity of need-relevant behaviors was also evidenced. The NIBS is a new tool that offers a unique, tripartite assessment of need-relevant behaviors of leaders in the physical activity domain.

Exploring the value of the tripartite assessment of students in pre-registration midwifery education: A review of the evidence

Many universities use a tripartite assessment within the pre-registration midwifery curriculum to grade student practice; we consider what the purpose and value are from an educational, formal and social perspective. By utilising research, policy documents and reflections from our experiences we explore the principles which underpin this judgement of student performance. After deliberation, we consider the increased presence in practice to have many benefits, but have evidence that it is not required educationally, to assess student practice, or to formalise the assessment process, since sign-off mentors are now better prepared to undertake this role. Thus, to support our increased partnership with practice, afforded by tripartite assessments, we offer an alternative.

The End of the CCP's Resilient Authoritarianism? A Tripartite Assessment of Shifting Power in China

AbstractThis essay challenges the widely held view of the CCP's purported “resilient authoritarianism,” which asserts that China's one-party political system is able to enhance the state capacity to govern effectively through institutional adaptations and policy adjustments. An analysis of the recent and still unfolding Bo Xilai crisis reveals the flaws in China's political system, including nepotism and patron–client ties in the selection of leaders, rampant corruption, the growing oligarchic power of state-owned enterprises, elites' contempt for the law and the potential failure to broker deals between competing factions in the Party leadership. The essay argues that the CCP's “authoritarian resilience” is a stagnant system, both conceptually and empirically, because it resists much-needed democratic changes in the country. The problems of the resilient authoritarianism thesis is traceable to the monolithic conceptualizing of China – the failure to appreciate seemingly paradoxical transformative trends in the country, which this essay characterizes as three paralleled developments, namely, 1) weak leaders, strong factions; 2) weak government, strong interest groups; and 3) weak Party, strong country. One should not confuse China's national resilience (in terms of the emerging middle class, new interest group politics, and dynamic society) with the CCP's capacity and legitimacy to rule the country. The essay concludes that if the CCP intends to regain the public's confidence and avoid a bottom-up revolution, it must abandon the notion of “authoritarian resilience” and embrace a systematic democratic transition with bold steps towards intra-Party elections, judicial independence and a gradual opening of the mainstream media.

Tripartite assessment of learners during practice placements in midwifery pre‐registration programmes

Purpose – The School of Nursing and Midwifery at De Montfort University has been consistently successful in producing student midwives who are, by the end of their chosen programme, fit for practice, purpose and award according to the DMU. This paper aims to investigate this claim.Design/methodology/approach – The paper looks at De Montfort University where an innovative tripartite assessment process has been developed to support midwifery students in practice. This involves the student, his/her personal tutor and his/her clinical midwife mentor. All three are involved in the planning of appropriate learning experiences to facilitate the student in meeting the clinical learning outcomes, utilising a personal professional portfolio.Findings – The paper finds that the close working relationships between the placement providers and the university have improved the assessment of practice and enhanced the student experience. Clinical midwife mentors have commented on how well the tripartite approach works and ...

ABFM's In-Training Examination

The American Board of Family Medicine’s (ABFM) In-Training Examination was conceived in 1979 as part of a tripartite assessment process for family medicine residents in training. This 3-fold assessment process was developed under the aegis of the Conjoint Committee on In-Training Assessment (

Depression and Anxiety: Integrating the Tripartite and Cognitive Content-Specificity Assessment Models

The cognitive content-specificity hypothesis proposes that depression and anxiety can be discriminated on the basis of unique cognitive profiles. Alternatively, the Tripartite model suggests that, although depression and anxiety share a general distress factor, anhedonia is a characteristic of depression with anxious arousal a characteristic of anxiety. Past research devoted to integrating these two models has been limited in a number of ways. To remedy these limitations, this study attempted to assess the complete Tripartite model and used a multidimensional cognitive assessment tool to handle the heterogeneity of anxious cognitive content. Results on data collected from 411 clients seeking services at a university counseling center suggested that a one-to-one mapping between Tripartite dimensions and cognitive content was possible. Further, variables from each model simultaneously explained unique variance in depression and anxiety ratings.

The classification of specialist student practice: results of an exploratory study

An exploratory study investigating the feasibility and acceptability of an assessment tool designed to allow practice educators1to classify Specialist Practitioner student practice, identifies issues of interest to all educators involved with practice assessment.Within 3 months of commencing education leading to Specialist Practitioner Awards, the spread of marks awarded for practice achievements was already consistent with final degree classification and within 6 months slightly higher than normal. By the end of the course, continued improvements in practice achievements resulted in 73% of practice marks being 70% and over. The implications for total degree classification are less catastrophic than they appear; even if this trend continues there will only be a slight increase in first class Honours degrees.Although the strategy for practice assessment includes practice educators and students working together to discuss and agree marks for practice achievements, in the study practice educators and students provided marks intentionally without discussion or consultation with each other. Two comparisons of these marks showed that many students overestimate or underestimate their practice achievements as perceived by practice educators. Continuous monitoring of how marks are determined will be a priority for the Specialist Practice team. In most cases, practice educators considered the marked assessment of practice to be a reasonable working proposition, though there were concerns about the timing of assessments and the applied terminology.The main conclusions are that some practice educators may award marks for effort, despite contradictory written comments, and that the ability of specialist students to self-assess remains an unknown quantity but a potential moderating influence. The role of the HEI will be to ensure essential preparation and ongoing support for practice educators to enable a tri-partite assessment process and to provide a robust strategy for internal and external moderation.The marked assessment of practice was implemented in September 2000; to date progress has been remarkably unproblematic with practice educators and students accepting the process with relative ease and much enthusiasm.

Tripartite assessment of the efficacy of eye-movement desensitization in a multi-phobic patient

The relative efficacy of Eye-Movement Desensitization (EMD) and Eye- Focus Desensitization (i.e., a treatment procedure designed to control for the effects of eye movement) in treating multiple phobias was assessed along behavioral, cognitive, and physiological response channels in a single-subject, multiple-baseline design across fear areas. Continuous physiological measurements, rather than presession/post- session change scores, were employed to permit accurate, fine-grained analysis of each intervention's effects. Results indicated that EMD failed to produce clinically significant intra- and intersession improvements beyond those produced by the control procedure on all dependent measures. A second multiple-baseline design across fear areas was implemented with the same subject and employed in vivo exposure/reinforced practice in order to demonstrate the patient's potential responsiveness to treatment. This procedure produced dramatic improvement on behavioral and subjective measures, but not on physiological indices. Results from this single-case experiment did not support the effectiveness of EMD.

Concordance and discordance in speech anxiety assessment: The effects of demand characteristics on the tripartite assessment method

The tripartite assessment method has been useful in describing the multiple-response systems of emotional behavior. Previous studies have demonstrated that behavioral, cognitive and physiological response systems of anxiety often do not covary. Forty speech-anxious Ss were assessed for physiological arousal, self-report of anxiety and behavioral avoidance within the context of a behavioral avoidance test requiring the presentation of an unprepared speech before a live audience. These data were used to test the Hodgson and Rachman hypothesis that response concordance varies as a function of the level of demand present during the assessment. The results indicate that high demand produced response discordance, however, low demand did not result in the response concordance hypothesized to occur under this condition. The results are discussed in terms of the effects of level of demand on response indices of anxiety, and the utility of the tripartite assessment method.

Behavioral assessment and treatment of accident-related posttraumatic stress disorder: Two case studies

A broad spectrum behavioral assessment and treatment package was utilized with two individuals who met DSM-III criteria for a diagnosis of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) related to transportation accidents. Individualized tripartite (behavioral, cognitive, psychophysiological) assessment procedures revealed differential arousal across response systems and subjects, as well as modest pretreatment and posstreatment differences in reactivity to trauma-relevant stimuli compared to control stimuli. The behavioral treatment packages were effective in decreasing both subjects' self-monitored symptoms of PTSD. Implications of these data for assessment and treatment of PTSD following transportation accidents are discussed.

Toward a behavioral assessment of anticipatory symptoms associated with cancer chemotherapy

A tripartite assessment of nine patients experiencing either pretreatment nausea and vomiting, pretreatment nausea or posttreatment nausea and vomiting only was conducted. Three consistent patterns of response emerged: (1) patients with pretreatment nausea and vomiting reported elevated levels of nausea and anxiety and demonstrated increased levels of physiological arousal; (2) patients with pretreatment nausea reported elevated levels of nausea and anxiety but showed no evidence of increased physiological arousal; and (3) patients with posttreatment symptoms only evidenced low levels on all measures. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that a continuum of responses exists in patients undergoing chemotherapy ranging from no pre- or posttreatment symptoms to pretreatment nausea and vomiting.

Validation of a multimethod assessment of posttraumatic stress disorders in Vietnam veterans.

Veterans Administration Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi andUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterThere appears to be a high incidence of posttraumatic stress disorders (PTSD)in Vietnam veterans. Yet there is little information available on the reliability andvalidity of any approach to the assessment of these combat-related stress disorders.The present study was designed to determine if responses to the presentation ofmild combat stimuli would distinguish the following three carefully matchedgroups of veterans: (a) those with an exclusive diagnosis of PTSD, (b) inpatientson a psychiatry ward who clearly do not have PTSD, and (c) Vietnam veteranswith combat experience who are currently well adjusted. Behavioral, physiolog-ical, and self-report measures of anxiety obtained through this laboratory-basedassessment clearly distinguished the PTSD veterans from the remaining two crit-ical comparison groups. The utility of this tripartite assessment approach for thereliable identification of PTSD secondary to combat is discussed. Future researchdirections are presented.Posttraumatic stress disorders (PTSD) aredenned as the maladaptive emotional re-sponse that an individual may experience fol-lowing a discrete traumatic event. The dis-order is characterized by persistently high lev-els of anxiety, intrusive recollections of theevent through nightmares or flashbacks, ex-aggerated startle responses, severe sleep dis-turbances, avoidance of close interpersonalcontact, depression and guilt, constricted af-fect, and impairment of memory and con-centration abilities (cf. Diagnostic and Sta-tistical Manual of Mental Disorders—DSM-III; American Psychiatric Association, 1980).Traumatic events that can lead to a stressdisorder include vehicular accidents, naturaldisasters, rape, and combat. Many Vietnamveterans were exposed to severely traumaticevents during combat, and in addition ex-perienced considerable hostility and lack ofsupport upon return home. As a result, atleast 24% of Vietnam veterans surveyed re-

Validation of a multimethod assessment of posttraumatic stress disorders in Vietnam veterans.

Veterans Administration Medical Center, Jackson, Mississippi andUniversity of Mississippi Medical CenterThere appears to be a high incidence of posttraumatic stress disorders (PTSD)in Vietnam veterans. Yet there is little information available on the reliability andvalidity of any approach to the assessment of these combat-related stress disorders.The present study was designed to determine if responses to the presentation ofmild combat stimuli would distinguish the following three carefully matchedgroups of veterans: (a) those with an exclusive diagnosis of PTSD, (b) inpatientson a psychiatry ward who clearly do not have PTSD, and (c) Vietnam veteranswith combat experience who are currently well adjusted. Behavioral, physiolog-ical, and self-report measures of anxiety obtained through this laboratory-basedassessment clearly distinguished the PTSD veterans from the remaining two crit-ical comparison groups. The utility of this tripartite assessment approach for thereliable identification of PTSD secondary to combat is discussed. Future researchdirections are presented.Posttraumatic stress disorders (PTSD) aredenned as the maladaptive emotional re-sponse that an individual may experience fol-lowing a discrete traumatic event. The dis-order is characterized by persistently high lev-els of anxiety, intrusive recollections of theevent through nightmares or flashbacks, ex-aggerated startle responses, severe sleep dis-turbances, avoidance of close interpersonalcontact, depression and guilt, constricted af-fect, and impairment of memory and con-centration abilities (cf. Diagnostic and Sta-tistical Manual of Mental Disorders—DSM-III; American Psychiatric Association, 1980).Traumatic events that can lead to a stressdisorder include vehicular accidents, naturaldisasters, rape, and combat. Many Vietnamveterans were exposed to severely traumaticevents during combat, and in addition ex-perienced considerable hostility and lack ofsupport upon return home. As a result, atleast 24% of Vietnam veterans surveyed re-