Use Of Trips Research Articles

A single-copy knockin translating ribosome immunoprecipitation toolkit for tissue-specific profiling of actively translated mRNAs in C. elegans

Here, we introduce a single-copy knockin translating ribosome immunoprecipitation (SKI TRIP) toolkit, acollection of Caenorhabditis elegans strains engineered by CRISPR in which tissue-specific expression of FLAG-tagged ribosomal subunit protein RPL-22 is driven by cassettes present in single copy fromdefined sites in the genome. Through in-depth characterization of the effects of the FLAG tag in animals in which endogenous RPL-22 has been tagged, we show that it incorporates into actively translating ribosomes and efficiently and cleanly pulls down cell-type-specific transcripts. Importantly, the presence of the tag does not impact overall mRNA translation, create bias in transcript use, or cause changes to fitness of the animal. We propose SKI TRIP use for the study of tissue-specific differences in translation and for investigating processes that are acutely sensitive to changes in translation like development or aging.

ІNCREASE IN WEAR RESISTANCE DUE TO MANGANESE ALLOYING OF ADI CAST IRON

The effect of manganese content on the wear resistance was studied on ADI materials , that are isothermally quenchеd at different temperatures. ADI samples with Mn content of 0.78% and 0.24% were analyzed. The final structure of the cast iron was created by austenitizing heating at 900 ° C for 30 minutes. and subsequent isothermal quenching in liquid tin at temperatures of 310, 330, 350, 380 ° C for samples with high manganese content and at 350, 370 ° C for samples with low content. It is shown that increasing the manganese content increases the amount of residual austenite under the same quenching conditions. This enhances the positive role of the TRIP effect on the strengthening of the subsurface layer and wear resistance. Wear resistance studies were performed on laboratory equipment that simulated the wear of agricultural machinery during plowing. Wear resistance tests were performed on samples of 10 x 10 mm2 in dry sand at a load of 5 kg at speed of 2.93 m/s which is approximately equal to the speed of machinery during agricultural work. The duration of the cycle corresponded to 5 km distance. After each cycle, the samples were weighed on analytical balances with an accuracy of 0.1 mg. It was found that under all conditions of quenching manganese alloying significantly increases wear resistance due to more intensive deformation-induced martensitic transformation in the near-surface layers. X-ray studies have shown that increasing the of manganese concentration doubles the content of deformation-induced martensite in the surface layers. The microhardness of the surface layer after shear deformation during wear increases by 1.5 times compared to the sample without wear. One third of the hardness impressions show abnormally high microhardness Hμ = 700 - 900. These values ​​correspond to the microhardness of martensite in cast irons of this class. The obtained results of laboratory experiments are a prerequisite for the wide practical use of TRIP - effect as an effective mechanism of deformation strengthening of the surface layers of agricultural machinery operating in the mode of wear.

Modeling of the impact of laminar-turbulent transition on cavitation inception

The main incentive to study cavitation inception has been the accompanying jump of flow-induced noise. The water tunnel tests of cavitation inception have been carried out at Reynolds numbers that are substantially smaller than those which occurs to most of the marine applications. As a result, there are significant scale effects. Employment of trips to enhance laminar-turbulent transition in boundary layers of tested models may seem to be useful to reduce these effects, but the experiment of Arakeri and Acosta showed that the trip use can lead to the trend opposite to the trends observed in flows with the natural transition. This paper gives the theoretical explanation of the difference of trends. The explanation is obtained via computations based on a viscous-inviscid interaction procedure with employing a multi-zone flow model. The viscous part of the flow includes attached boundary layers and viscous separation zones. Possibilities of laminar-turbulent transitions and relaminarization are taken into account, as well as capillarity effect on the surfaces of cavities.

Violence and Hope: The Aesthetic Force of Infrastructures

27 Field Trip Jessamyn R. Abel and Leo Coleman Violence and Hope: The Aesthetic Force of Infrastructures The essays of this Field Trip use new approaches to infrastructure, especially arguments about the political force of aesthetics and the relation between infrastructures and political violence, to consider the ways that the mapping, projection, and design of infrastructures shape the distribution of power and intervene in political processes. They emerge from a roundtable titled “Imaging Infrastructure,” which we organized for the Global Asias 5 conference held at Penn State in April 2019. Together, they suggest that the forces conveyed and exerted by infrastructures, as either concept or material reality, direct human action, form identities and expectations, and delimit political possibilities. However, these effects , our authors demonstrate, often extend far beyond the intended function of any particular construction. The three essays here address both intangible and concrete infrastructures . Corey Byrnes and Lisa Hofmann-­Kuroda examine representations of potential infrastructures in order to understand the particular political force of maps, propaganda images, and architectural designs. In Byrnes’s study of China’s aspirational mapping of expanded maritime borders and ongoing island construction in the South China Sea, infrastructures that have been “made up” and then “made real” help bolster the Chinese government ’s case in international territorial disputes by lending its claims conceptual, then actual, solidity. In contrast, the imagined infrastructure in Hofmann-­Kuroda’s study was never realized. In the case of Isamu Noguchi’s plans for a recreational space within a World War II Japanese American internment camp, the aesthetic and practical elements of the infrastructure envisioned in his blueprints aimed to change the meaning of the space for its involuntary inhabitants, literally watering down 28 Field Trip its militarized organization and softening the hard grid of its barracks. Finally, Mubbashir Rizvi examines the role that long-­term colonial interventions , legal and physical, in the pattern of agricultural land holding and irrigation, can play in explaining the patterns of violence after the partition of India and Pakistan in 1947. His essay shows that categorizations of identity (and rights) and lines on a map give form to even the most sudden and devastating episodes of communal violence. Importantly, these essays collectively highlight the presence of military power and state violence within legal routines of classification or as a framework shaping efforts to imagine and build infrastructures for play and recreation. They thus question the commonsense idea that infrastructures are built to improve people’s lives. Byrnes draws attention to the damage done to ocean ecologies through construction over coral reefs to provide space for airfields and soccer fields alike. Hofmann-­Kuroda notes that Noguchi’s playground was a small and ultimately unsuccessful effort to mitigate the negative effects of a different kind of infrastructure: the regimented barracks that symbolized and enacted the U.S. government ’s effort to control Japanese American bodies. And Rizvi suggests that both legal and infrastructural attempts to provide better lives and increased productivity for rural Punjabi farmers ended up contributing to a climate of violence that erupted with exceptional force during the period of partition in 1947. Political societies build infrastructures to facilitate the mundane activities of daily life: schools and government buildings allow residents of a newly built island to live as they would in any small city; a playground offers a space for relaxation and pleasure; canals help farmers increase their yield. But attention to the aesthetics and effects of infrastructure shows that, intentionally or not, and for better or worse, they often do much more. Jessamyn Abel is associate professor in the Asian Studies department at Pennsylvania State University. She is the author of The International Minimum : Creativity and Contradiction in Japan’s Global Engagement, 1933–­64. Leo Coleman is associate professor of anthropology at Hunter College and the Graduate Center, City University of New York. He is the author of A Moral Technology: Electrification as Political Ritual in New Delhi and editor of Food: Ethnographic Encounters. ...

Touching and traveling on 3D augmented tangible maps for learning geography

PurposeTangible physical maps which are enhanced by new digital forms of interaction can become an invaluable asset for learning geography in an embodied way. The purpose of this work is to evaluate an interactive augmented three-dimensional (3D) tangible map on which students interact and travel with their fingers.Design/methodology/approachA total of 58 fourth-grade students from eight elementary schools participated in the study. The participants played with the FingerTrips environment in 24 sessions and in groups of two or three. Each session lasted for about 20-25 min. After completing the interactive game, the students answered a questionnaire concerning their attitudes toward the tangible environment and participated in a short interview.FindingsStudents’ responses revealed that FingerTrips managed to transform the experience of meeting new places, understanding spatial relations and learning geography. Students supported that such an approach is closer to their interactive experiences and expectations, and exploits embodied learning affordances to achieve enjoyable learning. Students identified their finger-based trips as an effective and intriguing static haptic guidance that helped them learn more effectively.Originality/valueThe specific approach has two distinctive characteristics. First, a new interaction style on the map is suggested, the use of trips with fingers. Students have to follow predefined engraved paths on the 3D terrain to sense distances and changes in altitude and “touch” the topology asked to understand and explore. Second, it is examined whether a low fidelity interactive 3D terrain, which can be easily reconstructed and reprogrammed by primary school students, can become a useful canvas for learning geography.

Understanding Transit Ridership Demand for the Multidestination, Multimodal Transit Network in Atlanta, Georgia: Lessons for Increasing Rail Transit Choice Ridership while Maintaining Transit Dependent Bus Ridership

This study analyses the structure of transit demand in Atlanta’s transit system to understand why different elements of the network appeal to bus and rail riders. By estimating direct demand models of work trip use between pairs of traffic analysis zones, the authors find that self-identified bus riders come from poorer areas having fewer autos per household and seek to reach jobs scattered throughout the metropolitan area. Their demand is highly elastic with respect to travel time. They care not about the presence of transit-oriented development (TOD) attributes at either origins or destinations. Self-identified rail riders primarily access transit by automobile and value fast service to within convenient walking distance of employment, such as in the central business district (CBD) and some but not all TODs. The results suggest that an agency could increase ridership by both groups using a core network of higher speed lines that provide access to decentralised employment centres.

Can trips serve as an enforcement device for developing countries in the WTO?

Developing countries assert that the limited size of their markets renders conventional trade retaliatory actions by them ineffective. The complaint is that they have no effective mechanism for forcing developed countries into compliance with WTO obligations that have market access consequences for developing countries. This paper proposes a design for the use of TRIPS as a retaliatory weapon in WTO trade disputes that would overcome some of these difficulties. The proposal has many advantages: it is feasible, effective, legal, and has certain attractive attributes that are absent in conventional trade retaliation. The very presence of the threat of such retaliatory action in domestic intellectual property legislation could lead to improved compliance by developed countries.

Tripping Out from San Francisco

Tripping Out from San Francisco Peter Tamony A he first night of the San Francisco Trips Festival at Longshoremen 's Hall in San Francisco coincided with the $3.50 dinner of the Northern California Cartoonists at Caesar's across the street, an event often decorated by such artists as the creators of Charlie Brown, Steve Canyon, and Dennis the Menace. Thought: perhaps the hearty Italian dinner would ballast me against the onslaughts of the several rock-and-roll groups from around San Francisco, now gathered under one roof to present an "audience-experienced psychedelic reaction without the use of drugs" but with strobe lights, girls nude and bodycolored , an Indian tepee, and other surrogates. I could meet a big or two, duck the after-dinner talks, and walk across the street. Regrettably , the walk was too late. The Festival was a sell-out—a thousand turned away that night, with an attendance of ten thousand on three nights, 21-23 January 1966, reported and commented on in the newspapers for a week.' So I missed that seminal gathering ofthe so-called tribes, that happening.2 It was the event that signaled the incursion of the hippies into San Francisco, and projected a term with multiple connotations into the national vocabulary. Albert Hofmann, a Swiss chemist, synthesized LSD (lysergic acid diethylamide) while seeking something else, an occasional happening in science, though hardly serendipitous.3 Having accidentally inhaled or absorbed the chemical through the skin, Hofmann experienced hallucinations. A few days later he ingested what he thought was a minute amount of the substance. While bicycling home he found Basel distorted and on this first trip suffered the delusion that he had left his body and was hovering nearby. Hofmann's report on this effect set off research and experimentation around the globe. [From American Speech, 56 (Summer 1981), 98-102. Reprinted with the kind permission of the University of Alabama Press.] 108Peter Tamony LSD became the principal psychotomimetic drug, the name given compounds that mimic serious mental ailments (Solomon 1964, p. 43; Campbell 1971, pp. 66-67). For centuries in varied cultures drugs have been used to induce colorful hallucinations like those of LSD. Peyote, sometimes termed mescal, is ingested by Indian tribes of the Southwest and Mexico. The nepenthe of Homer was based on the opium poppy, while the poisonous Amanita muscaria, first cousin to A. phalloides, the more deadly destroying angel, set Vikings berserk to pillage and murder.4 To denominate the whole range of such "mind-expanding" substances, the word psychedelic was coined from Greek elements by Humphrey Osmond of Princeton (Leary 1968b, p.57/2). Until the late 1950s, experiments with LSD seem to have remained largely in the hands ofscientists and medical men. In 1958 the British-born Zen scholar Alan Watts was invited with others to test the "mystical" qualities of the drug at the medical school of the University of California at Los Angeles, and at the Langley Porter Clinic in San Francisco. On 3 February 1958 and subsequently, Watts described his first experience with LSD on his Sunday night radio program over KPFA, Berkeley (Watts 1964).5 In southern California AIdous Huxley was the guru, and in far Boston the Chronology of Trips of Timothy Leary commenced in 1959, Godsdog being his first guide, Huxley his fourth, Allen Ginsberg his sixth, and Krishna his sixteenth and last (Leary 1968a, pp. x-xi). The first use of trip in connection with mind drugs (as traditional narcotics and formulated substances were termed by intellectuals in the 1950s) was in The Connection (1957) by Jack Gelber, staged in New York in 1959. This play, set in the dope scene of San Francisco's Broadway, contained such lines as, "Steady, boys, we have a long trip. Our other actors are offin the real world procuring heroin," and "All right, junkies. During our trip we will incorporate an allied art—the motion picture" (Gelber 1962, 231-32).6 The background of such use appears to be prison language with the sense "fantasy, day dream, fable , factual or fictional," a definition recorded in a glossary issued by the Bureau of Corrections of the State of California in 1962 (Barkdull...