Trinity Theory Research Articles

The Socio–Juridical Dimensions of Passing Off in Indonesia

There are many business actors marketing products that resemble well-known brands in Indonesia. To prove whether the Passing Off phenomenon occurs or not in Indonesia, the authors use The Classical Trinity Theory. The article’s aim is to explain the socio–juridical dimensions of passing off in Indonesia. Seeing that in Indonesia there are many business actors marketing products that resemble well-known brands. To prove whether the Passing Off phenomenon occurs or not in Indonesia, the author uses The Classical Trinity Theory. The research uses a juridical-normative method, with statute and conceptual approach based on literature study, analyzed qualitatively. The Classical Trinity Theory is a theory used as a basis for assessment which states whether a passing-off action occurred or not. First, Goodwill, is whether business actors use the reputation of well-known brand owners to support their business. Second, misrepresentation, there is confusion by consumers regarding genuine products and fake products. Third, damage, there is an element of deceptive branding and goods or services which could very well result in losses experienced by the owner of the well-known brand as a result of copying the company's identity.

Exploration of acupuncture treatment for insomnia induced by mental retardation: based on "trinity theory of shaoyang, sanjiao and haishi"

Insomnia induced by mental retardation is related to the synergistic dysfunction of "shaoyang, sanjiao and haishi (the period of the day from 9 pm to 11 pm) " in pathogenesis. Based on "trinity theory of shaoyang, sanjiao and haishi ", the acupoints of hand and food shaoyang meridians on the head and face (Fengchi [GB 20], Sizhukong [TE 23] and Jiaosun [TE 20]) and those on the four limbs (Sanyangluo [TE 8], Zhongzhu [TE 3], Qiuxu [GB 40] and Xiaxi [GB 43]) are selected to regulate the pivot function of shaoyang. Front-mu and back-shu points (Sanjiaoshu [BL 22], Danzhong [CV 17] and Tianshu [ST 5]), as well as auricular points (Gan [CO12], Dan [CO11] and Sanjiao [CO17]) are chosen to promote qi circulation of shaoyang and sanjiao meridians. In association with the relevant knowledge of time acupuncture at haishi, the circadian rhythm of sleep is set up and the appropriate sleep pattern is developed.

A new method for interpolation of missing air quality data at monitor stations

Studies in environmental fields often suffer from air quality datasets incomplete at certain places and times. Here, a Spatial-Temporal Point Interpolation based on Biased Sentinel Hospitals Areal Disease Estimation (STPI-BSHADE) interpolation method was introduced to address this issue. The method was based on the spatial statistic trinity theory, where the statistical error is determined by the population properties, the condition of the sample, and the method of estimation. In our study, the spatial association of the variables was quantified by the covariance and the ratio of air quality data between stations, resulting in linear unbiased estimates of the missing data. STPI-BSHADE was compared with two widely used statistical methods, inverse distance weighting (IDW) and Kriging. Theoretically, IDW and Kriging are short of the capacity of using the heterogeneous characteristics of the population and remedying the sample bias. Empirically, the accuracy of the STPI-BSHADE method was assessed using hourly particulate matter 2.5 data, collected from May 13 to December 31, 2014, in the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei areas, where air quality presents spatial heterogeneity. The experimental results also demonstrated that STPI-BSHADE significantly outperformed the traditional methods.

Hasker’s Tri-Personal God vs. New Testament Theology

Hasker’s “social” Trinity theory is subject to considerable philosophical problems (Section II). More importantly, the theory clashes with the clear New Testament teaching that the one God just is the Father alone (Section III). Further, in light of five undeniable facts about the New Testament texts, we can know that the authors of the New Testament thought that the only God was just the Father himself, not the Trinity (Section IV). Hasker can neither deny these facts nor defeat the strong evidence they provide that in affirming a triune God in the late 4th century, catholic tradition departed from apostolic teaching about the one God (Section V).

From Augustine’s to Hegel’s theory of Trinity

Summary The essay compares the two most original philosophical doctrines of the Trinity, namely the Augustinian and the Hegelian one. It focuses on their concepts of the philosophy of religion, their epistemologies of religion, their doctrines of the mind, and their conceptions of the immanent Trinity. It ends with a sketch of an alternative theory of Trinity that finds the best approach to the Trinity not in the individual mind but in intersubjective relations.

어울림(communion)의 소통행위로서 삼위일체론 - 언어행위이론의 통찰을 통하여

본 논문은 어울림의 소통행위로서 삼위일체론을 언어행위이론의 통찰을 통하여 살펴본 것이다. 삼위일체론에 관한 논의는 고대로부터 오늘에 이르기까지 기독교 신학의 핵심으로서 다양하고 새로운 관점으로 이해되고 해석됐다. 현대신학에 와서는 기독교 신앙 안에서만 논의되던 삼위일체론이 간학문적 대화를 통하여 다양한 학문과 더불어 새롭게 해석되고 있다. 이러한 논의들의 초점은 삼위 하나님이 오늘날 우리의 삶에, 어떻게 자신을 드러내시며, 삼위 하나님의 역동적인 사역을 어떻게 설명할 수 있는가에 관한 논의다. 이러한 삼위 하나님은 인간과 관계를 맺으시며 어울림의 소통행위를 하신다. 그런데도 아직 삼위일체 하나님의 소통행위에 관한 연구는 미비한 편이며 이를 위한 간학문적 연구는 거의 시도되지 않은 것으로 보인다. 따라서 본 논문은 언어철학의 언어행위이론의 통찰을 통하여 삼위일체 하나님의 소통행위를 살펴보고자 한다.

THE INDONESIAN NAVY’S ACTIVITIES TO SECURE THE NORTH NATUNA SEA FROM THE PESPECTIVE OF THE NAVY’S TRINITY ROLES (2014 - 2019)

<p>This article aims to explicate the role and activities of the Indonesian Navy to protect Indonesia's sovereignty in the North Natuna Sea based on the perspective of the Naval Trinity Theory. To do so, this paper combines the application of some pertinent concepts and theories, such as maritime security theory, maritime diplomacy, and the Navy trinity roles of Ken Booth. It shows that those pertinent concepts and theories are very essential to further understand the roles and activities of the Indonesian Navy to protect our sovereignty in the North Natuna Sea. This paper utilizes the method of descriptive qualitative research by looking at the activities of the Indonesian Navy's to Secure North Natuna Sea from the perspective of the Navy’s Trinity Roles (2014 - 2019).</p>

Enabling the Big Earth Observation Data via Cloud Computing and DGGS: Opportunities and Challenges

In the era of big data, the explosive growth of Earth observation data and the rapid advancement in cloud computing technology make the global-oriented spatiotemporal data simulation possible. These dual developments also provide advantageous conditions for discrete global grid systems (DGGS). DGGS are designed to portray real-world phenomena by providing a spatiotemporal unified framework on a standard discrete geospatial data structure and theoretical support to address the challenges from big data storage, processing, and analysis to visualization and data sharing. In this paper, the trinity of big Earth observation data (BEOD), cloud computing, and DGGS is proposed, and based on this trinity theory, we explore the opportunities and challenges to handle BEOD from two aspects, namely, information technology and unified data framework. Our focus is on how cloud computing and DGGS can provide an excellent solution to enable big Earth observation data. Firstly, we describe the current status and data characteristics of Earth observation data, which indicate the arrival of the era of big data in the Earth observation domain. Subsequently, we review the cloud computing technology and DGGS framework, especially the works and contributions made in the field of BEOD, including spatial cloud computing, mainstream big data platform, DGGS standards, data models, and applications. From the aforementioned views of the general introduction, the research opportunities and challenges are enumerated and discussed, including EO data management, data fusion, and grid encoding, which are concerned with analysis models and processing performance of big Earth observation data with discrete global grid systems in the cloud environment.

THE ROLE OF THE BANGKA BELITUNG NAVAL BASE IN SUPPORTING THE SEA SECURITY OPERATIONS IN THE INDONESIA ARCHIPELAGIC SEA LANE I

<p>The work areas that are the responsibility of the Bangka Belitung Naval base are still quite vulnerable and responsible for problems and difficulties that could disrupt the ALKI I or the Indonesian archipelagic sea lane I. The area for which the naval base of Bangka Belitung is responsible, is not balanced. However, it must continue to provide the best support for all KRI (Warships of the Republic of Indonesia) which anchored in the Bangka Belitung Naval Base. This study tries to analyze the role of the Bangka Belitung Naval base in supporting maritime security operations in ALKI I. The study uses descriptive qualitative methods about understanding the Bangka Belitung Naval base in supporting maritime security operations at ALKI I. This study uses the role of base theory, Sea Power theory and Navy trinity theory. The results of the study show that the Bangka Belitung Navy Base has not yet supported KRI or not to carry out the provision. Therefore, it is agreed that the Bangka Belitung Naval Base would provide complete facilities and infrastructure including anchoring, to be able to support KRI to operate safely at sea in assisting sovereignty in the ALKI I region.</p><p><strong>Keywords:</strong> Naval Base Role, Maritime Security, ALKI I</p>

Moderating Effect of Financial Strength on the Relationship Between Board Characteristics and Environmental Sustainability Disclosures

The study examines the moderating effect of financial strength on the relationship between board characteristics (board independence and qualification) and ecological sustainability disclosures on firms listed at the Nairobi Securities Exchange. The study period was (5) years (from 2013 to 2017). It employed a correlational survey research design covering the period of five (5) years (2013 - 2017). The target population was sixty-five (65) firms listed at the NSE, with a sample size of 56 firms. Data was utilised from firms’ annual reports, stand-alone reports, and website. Pearson’s correlation, Ordinary Least Square regression model and Environmental Disclosure Index were used in analysis. The results showed that financial strength strengthen the relationship between environmental sustainability disclosure and board independence (β = .23, ρ<.01). A negative and significant moderating effect of financial strength on the relationship between board meetings and environmental sustainability disclosure (β = -.16, ρ<.05) was found. For the board qualification, positive and insignificant effect of financial strength was observed (β = .13, ρ>.05). The study concluded that financial strength has significant moderating effect on the relationship between board characteristics and environmental sustainability disclosure. It recommends enactment of policies addressing corporate environmental reporting by firms as a result of different asset base. Future studies need to focus on; specific dimensions such as directors’ experience, age, and nationality, use of more measures of firms financial strength such as risk analysis, cross listing and profitability. Keywords: Corporate characteristics, environmental sustainability disclosures, financial strength, listed firms, trinity theory. DOI : 10.7176/RJFA/10-18-13 Publication date :September 30 th 2019

Baumol’s Cost Disease and the Trinitarian Pedagogy

Baumol’s cost disease explains rising costs in education without corresponding increase in productivity. The philosophical meaning of it is in the phenomenon of relational labor that is at the core of education. Its productivity remains constant while cost increases. The total size of education as a non-progressive sector will continue to expand, while progressive sectors of economy will shrink. To avoid large social crises associated with defunding of public education, we must conceive of a cultural shift where relationality becomes the end, while learning—a means of education. The author uses the theory of Trinity developed by early Christian philosophers to construct a framework for such a shift.

China's Interest Rate Pass-Through To Government Bonds And Monetary Independence

The monetary policy has been a main driver of China's economic growth. Strong evidence shows China's monetary policy is designed to support real GDP growth. There are various and complicated monetary transmission channels. This study examines the relation between monetary independence and interest rate pass-through to government bonds in China. The sensitivity coefficients between government bond yields and the People's Bank of China's (PBC) policy rate FR007 are obtained through a series of univariate 200-trading-day rolling regressions between bond yields with different maturities and FR007. The Monetary Independence (MI) is measured as the reciprocal of the correlation of interest rates in China and the United States. 200-trading-day correlations are calculated using daily interest rate data. A simple regressions model is employed to test the relations between sensitivity coefficients and MI. The time period is between January 4, 2013 and November 30, 2016. The empirical results show that China's monetary independence is positively associated with China's interest rate pass-through to government bonds. This relation is also robust to various tests on the presence of outliers and causality. It means that the higher China's monetary independence, the greater China's interest rate pass-through to government bonds. During March 2016 – November 2016, China had been continuously suffering great capital outflows. China's monetary independence had dropped significantly during this period, and at the same time China's interest rate pass-through to government bonds had totally disappeared. The Impossible Trinity theory may provide the answer. In reality, the Chinese authorities have helped establish multiplier mechanisms that jeopardize both monetary autonomy and exchange-rate stability. The Chinese policy-makers such as finance minister Lou Jiwei also conceded that China's monetary tools were becoming less effective. Based on this study's findings, the PBC is suggested to relax its control of the exchange rate regime in order to increase the independence of the Chinese monetary policy. Accordingly, China's interest rate pass-through to government bonds will be improved, and Chinese economic growth will be more sustainable.

The Influence of Corporate Governance on Environmental Disclosure of Listed Non-Financial Firms in Nigeria

The study investigates the influence of corporate governance on environmental disclosure of non-financial firms listed in Nigeria Stock Exchange (NSE), anchoring on “trinity theory” (agency, stakeholder and legitimacy theories). 86 firm-year observations across 86 companies listed in Nigeria Stock Exchange (NSE) using content analysis, cross-sectional data, OLS regression techniques were used to analyze the influence of board characteristics on the extent of overall environmental disclosure (OED). The results show that board independence, board meeting and the environmental committee were statistically significant while audit committee independence and board size were insignificant. Among the three company attributes used to mitigate spurious result only Firm size significantly influence the quantity of overall environmental disclosure of the sample companies. Auditor type “big 4” (Ernest Young, Deloitte, KPMG and PWC) and industry membership show insignificant relation to environmental disclosure. The findings indicate that the level of environmental disclosure of nonfinancial companies in Nigeria is quite insufficient at an average of 10.5 %. It is not surprising that environmentally sensitive industry and auditor type had no significant influence on the extent of environmental disclosure. This buttress the point that the environment the companies operate is institutionally and legally weak. Hence it calls for improvement on environmental law and implementation as well as harmonized environmental reporting infrastructure and standard to aid comparison.

The Relevance of Clausewitz’s Theory of War to Contemporary Conflict Resolution

It is not what we have thought, but rather how we have thought it, that we consider to be our contribution to theory.Tiha von Ghyczy, Boiko von Oetinger, and Christopher Bassford 1Carl von Clausewitz has been studied extensively for 150 years by dedicated scholars and is acknowledged to be one of the few truly great writers on war. Many aspects of his ideas and concepts have received much attention in recent years and continue to remain relevant, and are often used in today's doctrines and for civil-military educational processes. Thus, the purpose of this paper is to analyze the most important theoretical aspects of and strategy expounded by Clausewitz, some of which are enduring contributions to contemporary thought and still relevant to today's strategists.Three crucial points will be used to support this contention. first point is a conventional reference to his thinking: one the one hand, war is an extension of policy; on the other, war is an act of force to compel our enemy to do our will.2 second point relates to his analysis of the nature of and trinity theory. final point concerns his understanding of the nature of strategy.To begin, one may pose a basic question: what are Clausewitz's most important contributions to the theory of insofar as they are relevant to strategists today? In other words, what can a nineteenth century Prussian general teach a twenty-first century executive or entrepreneur about the theory of war?Clausewitz applied a scientific, methodological approach to analyzing in all of its aspects. This article presents and examines his most important and enduring contributions to the theory of and strategy, and underlines their most important aspects. Firstly, particularly noteworthy is his famous conclusion that is merely the continuation of policy by other means.3 essence of this theory was Clausewitz's description of the vertical continuum of (policy and strategy tactics), which he presents in the strategic ends, ways, and means paradigm. According to this, Clausewitz explains that ...war in itself does not suspend political intercourse... War cannot be divorced from political life...4The excerpts above reveal how Clausewitz refers to the political objective of war. This observation accurately captures the key aspect of war: its subordination to politics. Clausewitz's teaching about the relationship between politics and can therefore be concluded with this summary: will have fulfilled its main task when it is used to analyze the constituent elements of war... Theory then becomes a guide to anyone who wants to learn about from books.5Clausewitz sees as completely subordinate to policy. In On War, he explains that The political object-the original motive for the war-will thus determine both the military objective to be reached and the amount of effort it requires.6 In his view, war is thus an act of force to compel our enemy to do our will.7 It seems fair to say that this definition remains relevant today, with the caveat that current conflicts include all kinds of asymmetric threats (terrorism, organized crime, drug cartels, and so on.) Clearly, this definition emphasizes the centrality of combat, which separates from conflict. To support previous points, Clausewitz describes as ...a clash between major interests, which is resolved by bloodshed - that is the only way in which it differs from other conflicts.8 This leads to a clear understanding of the distinction between and conflict, particularly in today's contemporary environment in which the threats are often asymmetric threats. However, what differentiates warfare today from the warfare conducted during Clausewitz's time should be kept in mind. A crucial difference lies in the non-kinetic aspect of contemporary warfare - namely, in information warfare. As a result of globalization and technological development that enables instant messaging over different information platforms, information campaigns have a vital role to play in winning wars by winning hearts and minds, as well as by discrediting the enemy (for example recently in Afghanistan between NATO and Taliban forces). …

Emotion in Painting and Art Installations.

Paintings are static 2-dimensional images with limited narrative means. On the basis of a critical analysis of the relevant laboratory scaling studies, museum studies, and neuroaesthetic work, the article reaches a negative conclusion about most paintings' ability to engage sufficiently with general viewers' associative-memory systems, so as to lead to identification and empathy, and induce fundamental psychobiological emotions. In contrast, designers of art installations can draw on subtle combinations of several classes of stimulus properties with psychological significance subsumable under the classical concept of the sublime (physical grandeur, rarity, an association with beauty and with biologically significant outcomes), so that some installations may induce the peak aesthetic emotional response, aesthetic awe--as defined in Aesthetic Trinity Theory (Konečni, 2005, 2011), along with the states of being moved and physiological thrills. The approach also involves an analytical skepticism about emotivism, defined as a culturological proclivity for unnecessary insertion of emotion into accounts of mental life and behavior, especially in the arts. Implications for the role of emotion theory in empirical aesthetics are examined.

Being moved as one of the major aesthetic emotional states: A commentary on "Being moved: linguistic representation and conceptual structure".

GENERAL COMMENTARY article Front. Psychol., 31 March 2015Sec. Emotion Science https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2015.00343

Paintings and emotion: A nonemotivist reevaluation

Arguments are presented that paintings are unable to induce basic psychobiological emotions because they do not powerfully engage with spectators? intimate associative-memory systems. However, it is suggested that art installations containing properties subsumable under the classical concept of the sublime (physical grandeur, rarity, novelty, an association with beauty and with biologically significant outcomes), are capable of producing a memorable, though non-basic, emotional response, aesthetic awe - the peak aesthetic response as defined in Aesthetic Trinity Theory (Konecni, 2005, 2011). A skeptical view is presented of emotivism, defined as a proclivity for excessive insertion of ?emotion? into scientific and lay accounts of behavior, especially regarding the arts: The loci in the domain of paintings are specified in which emotion has often been unjustifiably implicated. Psychobiological and contrasting viewpoints on emotion are outlined. Several possible routes from paintings? attributes to viewers? emotions are found to be analytically indefensible and psychologically improbable. Implications for empirical aesthetics are examined.

Monetary Shocks and Stock Returns: Identification Through the Impossible Trinity

We present evidence of significant bias in event studies that investigate the effect of U.S. monetary policy on U.S. stock prices. To overcome this bias, we propose a new identification method based on the Impossible Trinity theory which argues that an economy with a fixed exchange rate and free capital flow cannot have an independent monetary policy. As an application of this method, we study U.S. monetary policy changes as exogenous shocks to the Hong Kong stock market. We find that a 1% (100bp) surprise decrease in the federal funds target rate increases stock prices by about 5%.

Aesthetic Trinity Theory and the Sublime

It seems defensible to propose that one of the most important tasks of both philosophical and psychological aesthetics ought to be the delineation of responses of different quality and intensity, with particular attention devoted to peak experiences.1 A related goal would presumably be the discovery of commonalities among the responses to man-made objects (works of art, architecture, and engineering) and to those induced by natural wonders.2 Furthermore, it seems self-evident that the exploration of responses would profit a comparison of their cognitive and emotional attributes with those that characterize non-aesthetic (for example, more explicitly utilitarian) responses.3 Such a comparison may also facilitate the formulation of hypotheses about the evolutionary origins of responses. These are the kinds of concerns that Vladimir Konecni's recently developed Aesthetic Trinity Theory (ATT hereafter) attempts to address.4 After presenting the main features of ATT as succinctly as possible, the article will focus on the concept of the sublime and especially on its treatment within ATT. The general point of view throughout the essay is derived psychological aesthetics and the emerging field of experimental philosophy.5 Although new empirical data regarding ATT and the sublime will not be presented in detail, references will be made to some relevant research findings and to the kind of data that it would be useful and feasible to obtain. One of the key claims will be that it is advantageous for the sublime to be conceptualized in such a way as to become amenable to meaningful operationalization and thus to experimental manipulation and measurement of its effects. In fact, a field of scholarship that genuinely respects empirical findings - regardless of whether its primary emphasis is philosophical or psychological - must require a definition of the sublime that is sufficiently rigorous and circumscribed to allow the concept to be testable or manipulable in research. It remains to be seen whether the traditional philosophers-aestheticians will agree that the gain adopting a less vague and less idiosyncratic definition of the sublime, which makes empirical work possible, offsets a certain degree of impoverishment in the content of this ancient philosophical idea. However, some preliminary results that have already been obtained are such that they would have been unlikely to be correctly predicted by thought experiments. This essay will not address music, either with regard to the sublime or to responses. The reason is that music, especially absolute music, is an exceedingly complex domain in both theoretical and empirical aesthetics, and one that abounds in conceptual and technical peculiarities; this is especially true with regard to the relationship of music and emotion.6 Aesthetic Trinity Theory In ATT, a tripartite hierarchy of responses is proposed: Aesthetic awe, as the peak experience; the state of being-moved (or being-touched), as a less pronounced experience; and thrills (or chills), as the most common experience. The three responses are conceptualized as levels of experience that differ in terms of intensity, depth, and frequency.7 In this essay, the discussion of responses of being-moved and thrills is rudimentary. Far more attention is devoted to awe, primarily because of its relationship to the sublime. Awe and Aesthetic Awe According to the Oxford English Dictionary, from its use in reference to the Divine Being [the meaning of awe] passes gradually into: dread mingled with veneration, reverential or respectful fear; the attitude of a mind subdued to profound reverence in the presence of supreme authority, moral greatness or sublimity, or mysterious sacredness.8 In an important article, Keltner and Haidt discuss awe as a moral and spiritual, as well as well as an aesthetic emotion, but do not pursue the notion of sublimity or the sublime that is offered in the OED definition. …

Evangelho Eterno: a hermenêutica condenada

O estudo é uma introdução à leitura do Protocolo de 1255 no qual a Comissão de Anagni analisou e condenou o Introductorio in Evangelium Eternum, do franciscano espiritual Geraldo de Borgo, e a obra de Joaquim de Fiore. Esta introdução discorre sobre os principais temas tratados no Protocolo de 1255, a saber, o Evangelho Eterno, a nova ordem monástica, o fi m da igreja e dos sacramentos, os dois anticristos, a hermenêutica por concordia e a teoria trinitária. Na sequência, tem-se a tradução para o português do texto latino do Protocolo de 1255.