Trinity County Research Articles

Observations on the range expansion of Mecinus janthiniformis Toševski & Caldara, 2011 and Rhinusa neta (Germar, 1821) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae) into California

Dalmatian toadflax, Linaria dalmatica (L.) Mill., and yellow toadflax, Linaria vulgaris Mill. (Plantaginaceae), are exotic forbs that have become widespread in North America, including California. Both species have accumulated several exotic insects from accidental and intentional introductions. Until recently, Mecinus janthiniformis Toševski & Caldara, 2011 was known to occur at only one location in southern California. Recent surveys of L. dalmatica in northern California recovered M. janthiniformis and a second weevil, Rhinusa neta (Germar, 1821), the latter a new California record. From 2010–2015, M. janthiniformis was recovered at 24 of 27 sites in Lassen, Modoc, Plumas, Siskiyou, and Trinity Counties. After 2014, four locations in Trinity County and one in Sierra County were monitored annually through 2020, but no M. janthiniformis have been recovered to date suggesting this species has not extended its range since 2014. In 2018, R. neta was discovered in L. dalmatica seed capsules in Trinity and Sierra Counties. Later surveys found R. neta infesting L. dalmatica at five locations in four counties and Sairocarpus virga (A. Gray) D. A. Sutton (= Antirrhinum virga A. Gray) (Plantaginaceae), a native species, at one location in Colusa County. The intensity of attack of R. neta on L. dalmatica ranged from 9–70% of seed capsules infested. Being found 300 km south of the Oregon border suggests that R. neta spreads more readily than M. janthiniformis, which has only spread 190 km south of the Oregon border but no further since 2014. Repeated annual sampling at uninfested sites found R. neta to have spread 42 km in one year, an unusually high dispersal rate for exotic Coleoptera.

Newly Recognized Diversity of Fruits and Seeds from the Late Paleogene Flora of Trinity County, East Texas, USA

Premise of research. A diverse fruit and seed assemblage has been discovered in tuffaceous sandstone molds and casts from a classic paleobotanical locality of probable late Eocene age in Trinity Co...

Reproduction of Relocated and Resident Northern Bobwhites in East Texas

We examined reproduction by relocated and resident northern bobwhites (Colinus virginianus) on an intensively managed 563-ha study area in Trinity County, eastern Texas. During the late winters of 1990-1992, 155 South Texas (84 hens, 71 cocks) and 136 East Texas (64 hens, 72 cocks) bobwhites were captured, radio-tagged, and relocated to the study area; 139 resident birds (73 hens, 66 cocks) were also captured, radio-tagged, and released at the point of capture. For the 3 years combined, the 33 South Texas, 33 East Texas, and 39 resident hens alive at the beginning of the breeding season produced 6, 13, and 22 documented nests (P = 0.004) and 0, 3, and 4 fledged broods. Pooled, the number of nests by East Texas and resident hens was higher than that of South Texas hens (P = 0.003); numbers of nests of East Texas and resident hens were similar (P = 0.150). Our results do not support relocation of South Texas bobwhites into the East Texas Pineywoods.

A New species of Streptanthus (Brassicaceae) from Trinity County, California

Abstract Streptanthus oblanceolatus T. W. Nelson and J. P. Nelson is here described and illustrated. It is endemic to steep metavolcanic bluffs along the gorge of the Trinity River above its confluence with the New River, where three voucher specimens have been obtained.

Human Death Associated with Bat Rabies—California, 2003

Rabies is a rapidly progressive, incurable viral encephalitis that is, with rare exception, transmitted by the bite of an infected mammal. On September 14, 2003, a previously healthy man aged 66 years who resided in Trinity County, California, died from rabies approximately 6 weeks after being bitten by a bat. This report summarizes the investigation by the Trinity and Shasta County Health Departments and the California Department of Health Services (CDHS). Persons should avoid direct contact with bats; however, if such contact occurs, the exposed person should visit a health-care provider immediately, and the exposure should be reported to local public health officials.

Susceptibility of Foxtail Pine and Western White Pine to Limber Pine Dwarf Mistletoe in Northern California

Abstract This study confirms that foxtail pine (Pinus balfouriana) should be classified as an occasional host and western white pine (P. monticola) as a secondary host of limber pine dwarf mistletoe (Arceuthobium cyanocarpum) in northern California. Thirty temporary circular plots (6 m radius) were established around dominant, severely infected western white pines near Mount Eddy, Trinity County, CA. Within these plots, species, diameter at 1.3 m above the ground, and dwarf mistletoe rating (6 class system) were determined for each live tree over 1.37 m in height. Thirty-five and 75% of the foxtail pines and western white pines, respectively, sampled near large, severely infected western white pines were infected. None of the Low's fir (Abies lowiana) or Jeffrey pine (P. jeffreyi) observed in the plots were infected, and these species are classified as immune to limber pine dwarf mistletoe. West. J. Appl.For. 16(2):58–60.

The Layered Sodium Silicate Magadiite: An Analog to Smectite for Benzene Sorption from Water

Smectites have long been recognized as useful adsorbents for environmental pollutants due to their ability to exchange interlayer cations for charged organic or metal cations in solution. In natural smectite, the negative charge within the interlayer is partially compensated by alkali and alkaline earth cations, particularly K, Ca and Na. In the presence of water, these cations become strongly hydrated and create a highly hydrophilic environment. Such an environment allows the adsorption of charged organic cations through ion exchange. Because non-ionic organic compounds (NOCs), such as benzene, cannot compete with the highly polar water molecules, they are not effectively adsorbed. A number of investigators have remedied this problem by intercalating large organic cations within the interlayer sites of smectite (reviewed by Sheng et al. 1996). These organic cations typically include a charged terminal group (such as -NH3) attached to a long, nonpolar hydrocarbon chain. Through the substitution of large organic cations into the smectite interlayer, the formerly hydrophilic interlayer site is made increasingly hydrophobic as the hydrated metal cations are replaced with organic cations. As a result, the interlayer sites are more effective sorbents for NOCs. Like smectite, the layered Na-silicate magadiite (Na2Si14029.9H20) is easily intercalated with large organic cations, such as hexadecyltrimethylammonium (HDTMA) or hexadecylpyridinium (HPD) (Lagaly et al. 1975a). Magadiite was first identified by Eugster (1967) in Lake Magadi, Kenya, but it has since been found in Alkali Lake, Oregon (Rooney et al. 1969), and Trinity County, California (McAtee et al. 1968). Although the structure of magadiite is not known, studies of the basal spacing of magadiite in air and vacuo (Brindley 1969) and after intercalation with various organic cations (Lagaly et al. 1975a, 1975b) strongly suggest that magadiite consists of layered silicate sheets that are loosely bonded by hydrated sodium cations. The high propensity for cation exchange of magadiite suggests that it may serve as an analog to smectites for the sorption of NOCs. One possible advantage of magadiite-like sorbents is their ease of synthesis. Whereas the formation of smectite in the laboratory at low temperatures (--<150 ~ requires complex procedures and often results in poorly crystalline material (Guven 1988), magadiite readily precipitates from Naand silica-rich solutions at temperatures from 100 to 175 ~ (Beneke and Lagaly 1983; Fletcher and Bibby 1987; Muraishi 1989; Yates and Heaney 1995). In light of these observations, the present study was initiated to compare the sorption behavior of magadiite with that of bentonite in aqueous solutions containing a range of benzene concentrations.

Crystal structure of rhodesite, HK1 −xNax+ 2yCa2 −y{lB,3,2∞2}[Si8O19] · (6 –z) H2O, from three localities and its relation to other silicates with dreier double layers

Rhodesite from Zeilberg, Unterfranken, Germany (Z), from Trinity County, California, USA (TC), and from San Venanzo, Rieti, Italy (SV), is orthorhombic with space group Pmam.

Recent Discoveries of Large Diamonds in Trinity County, California

Recent Discoveries of Large Diamonds in Trinity County, California

The Turquoise Dragon by David Rains Wallace

362 Western American Literature The Time It Never Rained. By Elmer Kelton, with an Afterword by Tom Pilkington. (1973; rpt. Ft. Worth: Texas Christian University Press, 1984. 377 pages, $16.95.) The republication of Elmer Kelton’smodern “cowboy” novel, The Time It Never Rained, is a welcome event for readers and students of western American literature. The plot details the struggle of the rancher Charlie Flagg against not only the devastating drought that gripped the area around San Angelo, Texas, in the 1950s, but also his battle against governmental red tape in the aid programs which turned out to be financial quagmires for unsuspect­ ing ranchers. This volume is the second in the new Chisholm Trail series from a suddenly quite active Texas Christian University Press, and the After­ word by Tom Pilkington is excellent. LAWRENCE CLAYTON Hardin-Simmons University The Turquoise Dragon. By David Rains Wallace. (Yolla Bolly Press/Sierra Club Books, 1984. 230 pages, $12.95.) The publishers are calling The Turquoise Dragon “an eco-thriller,” and I have to confess that when I first heard that term, my guard went up. A murder mystery with bio-regional intentions? It sounded like an unwieldy mixture. Too tricky. Too trendy. But David Wallace quickly disarmed me. He has not only delivered an immensely readable book; he has added some­ thing fresh to the literature of environmental consciousness, and given us a high-country version of the West Coast detective novel. Like Lew Archer and The Continental Op, George Kilgore is a loner. Not as hard-boiled as Sam Spade or Philip Marlowe, he still displays enough cynicism to have a place in their jaded company. The big difference is that he lives not in the city, but in the wilds of Trinity County, five hours north of San Francisco. And his world-view has been shaped, not by street life and the many varieties of urban corruption, but by disillusionment with the Forest Service, followed by a few years growing dope in the backwoods, protecting and then selling his crop, all of which led to the collapse of his marriage. What Kilgore lacks in toughness, he makes up for in paranoia. Still wary from his days living outside the law, he trusts almost no one. Yet he is not irredeemably cynical, or hopelessly suspicious, nor have all his ideals been compromised. He still respects the mountains around him, knows and trusts their habits. Kilgore truly understands nature’s various cycles and how they interconnect. And the special appeal of this novel lies right there, in the way he uses this knowledge of soils and trails and wild creatures and geology to unravel the mystery and solve the crime. On the day the story begins, he has driven down to the Bay Area, “doing a few errands,” as he says, and decides to call on an old pal who lives in Reviews 363 Oakland. Kilgore enters his friend’s silent apartment and finds him on the livingroom floor with a bullet hole in the back of his head. This friend, Tom Blackwell, had a double career. A frequent traveller in Latin America, he trafficked in cocaine. But he was a biologist by training, with a special interest in herpetology—frogs, snakes, turtles, lizards, sala­ manders. Before long Kilgore discovers that a rare and as yet unrecorded species of salamander—The Turquoise Dragon—has been found in a remote north county canyon, one that local developers would like to see dammed and filled with water. The trouble is, this discovery doesn’t fit with what Kilgore knows about the region’s climate patterns. Blackwell had been active in a movement to save this canyon. So perhaps the salamanders were planted, as an environmentalists’sploy. Or perhaps not. It is one of several leads that send Kilgore speeding up and down the high­ ways and logging roads between Oakland and the Kalmiopsis Wilderness, just above the Oregon border, where he catches up with Blackwell’s ex-wife and, later, where the tale reaches its nightmarish finale. JAMES D. HOUSTON University of California, Santa Cruz Los Angeles in Fiction. Edited by David Fine. (Albuquerque: University of New Mexico Press, 1985. 262 pages, $9...

A New Madia of Sect. Anisocarpus (Compositae: Heliantheae) from Trinity County, California

A new annual species ofMadia sect.Anisocarpus,Madia doris-nilesiae, from the serpentine soils of western Trinity County, California is described, illustrated, and compared to the other annual members of the section. On the basis of floral and fruit morphologies the annual members of the section can be divided into two geographical units.Madia dorisnilesiae is unique in that it has a combination of these characters.

Archaeological Investigations at Hotinakcohata, a Chimariko Village at Cedar Flat, Trinity County, California: Final Report. Alan P. Garfinke. Office of Environmental Planning, Division of Transportation Planning, California Department of Transportation, Sacramento, 1982. ix + 215 pp., illus., biblio., maps. $7.50 (paper).

Archaeological Investigations at Hotinakcohata, a Chimariko Village at Cedar Flat, Trinity County, California: Final Report. Alan P. Garfinke. Office of Environmental Planning, Division of Transportation Planning, California Department of Transportation, Sacramento, 1982. ix + 215 pp., illus., biblio., maps. $7.50 (paper).

Deer Ked Infestation on White-Tailed Deer in East Texas

Deer Ked Infestation on White-Tailed Deer in East Texas

Submarine Chert-Argillite Slide-Breccia of Paleozoic Age in the Southern Klamath Mountains, California

A unique chert-argillite breccia—a breccia with an argillite matrix, in which nearly all the fragments are chert—underlies an area of at least 60 sq mi in the southern Klamath Mountains of California. Rocks of this composition have not been reported previously, in the Klamath Mountains or elsewhere, but in northwestern Trinity County they make up a large part of the western Paleozoic and Triassic belt. The remainder of the belt consists of northerly trending sinuous zones of two other principal lithologies: radiolarian chert, rhythmically interbedded with slate or phyllite, crops out in three zones in the eastern, central, and western parts of the area; and massive metabasalt and metadiabase intruded by gabbro and serpentinite occur in a zone about 3 mi wide in the eastern part of the area. Although the predominance of chert fragments makes the chert-argillite breccia apparently unique, rocks that are generally similar, consisting of angular to subangular clasts in a pelitic matrix, have been studied in many localities. Field relations and petrographic features of the chert-argillite breccia—specifically the angularity of clasts, absence of a sandy matrix, preservation of Radiolaria in both chert clasts and pelitic matrix, presence of contorted flow laminae in the matrix, large size of some of the exotic blocks, close association with chert, pillow lava, and limestone, absence of stretching or slickensiding of clasts, and overall dimensions of the unit measurable in miles—variously preclude origin of the rock as a normal sedimentary conglomerate, a tectonic breccia, a tillite, or a subaerial mudflow, but include features common to numerous submarine-slide deposits. We interpret the chert-argillite breccia as the result of uplift and subsequent sliding of a thick deposit of inter-layered chert and pelitic ooze. Brittle fracturing of the chert and mobilization of water-saturated ooze produced the observed features. Fossiliferous limestone blocks within the slide-breccia indicate that it is no older than Silurian or Devonian, and it predates Jurassic metamorphism and plutonism. The relation of the breccia to a major northwest-trending fault zone, and to serpentinite within this zone, suggests that the formation of the breccia was generally synchronous with the faulting and ultramafic intrusion. Rocks of the central metamorphic belt, east of the mapped area, were metamorphosed during a Devonian orogeny, and we suggest that the submarine slide-breccia was formed as a frontal effect of the same orogeny.

A Biogeographic Analysis of the Herpetofauna of Trinity County, California

The distribution of 16 species of amphibians and 18 reptiles in Trinity County and adjacent areas are reported, including new county records for nine species and numerous new locality records. Distribution patterns are based on over 2,300 animals collected 19601970 or examined in museum collections. Altitudinal distribution of known records is listed. Occurrence of Ambystoma macrodactylum in the Trinity Alps represents the first report of the species in the North Coast Range, and its biogeographic relationships to other California populations are discussed. The herpetofauna of Trinity County and surrounding areas, which comprise most of the North Coast Range, apparently consists of several groups of species with similar geographic distributions that appear to be related to the major topographic, climatic, and vegetational features of the region. The North Coast Range is an important dispersal corridor for Arcto-Tertiary species, and a partial to complete geographic barrier to other species, principally elements of the Madro-Tertiary herpetofauna. Differentiation of several polytypic species of amphibians and reptiles appears to be closely correlated with the major features of the North Coast Range.

Developments in Upper Gulf Coast of Texas in 1948

The Upper Gulf Coast of Texas is composed of 26 counties in the southeastern part of the state. It is identical with Texas Railroad Commission District 4, omitting Fayette and Lee counties. There were 1114 wells drilled in the district in 1948, which is a 27 per cent increase over 1947. Of these, 212 were wildcat tests drilled in search of new structures. This represents an increase of 14 per cent over 1947 and resulted in the discovery of 22 new fields as compared with 20 new fields in 1947. These new discoveries consisted of 9 oil fields, 10 gas-condensate fields, and 3 gas fields. All are of minor importance, the Lane City Townsite field, Wharton County, being the most important. First production was discovered in Jasper County, Buna field, and a new Cretaceous producing zone was found in Trinity County, in the northwest Glendale field. Considerable more reserves were added by development in old fields. Nine hundred two wells were drilled on known structures, which resulted in the discovery of 77 new sands, 31 new reservoirs, and 22 important extensions. This is a considerable increase over 1947. Most of these additions to reserves were the result of the discovery of new fault segments and new sands on old salt domes. Two wildcat wells were completed as dry holes in the Gulf of Mexico, one of which is believed to have discovered a new salt dome 18 miles southeast of Galveston. First production was established on an interior salt dome in Madison County. Forty seismic reflection parties were operating at the end of the year as compared with 35 at the first of the year. The most active counties were Brazoria, Matagorda, and Wharton, with some work being conducted on offshore leases. Total oil and condensate production in 1948 amounted to 197,055,000 barrels, which is an increase of 6 million barrels over 1947. The reflection seismograph, in conjunction with subsurface geology, was the most successful exploration method.

Developments in Upper Gulf Coast of Texas in 1947

The highlight of developments during 1947 was the leasing of certain submerged land in the Gulf of Mexico by thirteen companies. Leases cover 378,155 acres on 26 prospects. There is considerable hope that important new discoveries may result. There were 874 wells drilled in the district in 1947, representing a 28.3 per cent increase over 1946. The increase was more marked in exploratory drilling than in field development. Wildcats, which increased 35.5 per cent over 1946, resulted in 21 new discoveries as compared with only 15 in 1946, representing a 40 per cent increase. All of the new discoveries are of minor importance. They include 10 oil fields, 8 gas-condensate fields, and 3 dry-gas fields, New sands were found in 9 of the new fields during 1947. An idea of the importance of development in old fields may be gained from the various estimates on additions to reserves in the district which show that from six to ten times as much oil and about twice as much gas were added from this source as from all the new fields combined. Field development was up 26.5 per cent over 1946 and was more successful than it was last year. There was more concentration of drilling on old piercement domes than for several years. A total of 51 important developments in 44 old fields during 1947 include 29 new sands, 15 new reservoirs, and 7 extensions. Geophysical work increased in 1947 over 1946 and continued to lead in finding new fields in the district. Subsurface work was becoming of increasing importance and should be given a large share of the credit for adding to the reserves of old fields in 1947. A new interior piercement salt dome was discovered in central Madison County, but no production was established. The first Woodbine sand production for the district was obtained from a small gas well in the Glendale field of Trinity County. The trend will be limited to the extreme north part of the district. Oil production in 1947 amounted to 191,166,000 barrels, up 6 per cent over 1946 and setting an all-time record except for the war year, 1944, when production was slightly greater.

The Distressingly Virtuous Isaac: Biographical Notes on Isaac Cox, Author of "The Annals of Trinity County"

Research Article| June 01 1942 The Distressingly Virtuous Isaac: Biographical Notes on Isaac Cox, Author of "The Annals of Trinity County" Alice Bay Maloney Alice Bay Maloney Search for other works by this author on: This Site PubMed Google Scholar California Historical Society Quarterly (1942) 21 (2): 127–140. https://doi.org/10.2307/25160994 Views Icon Views Article contents Figures & tables Video Audio Supplementary Data Peer Review Share Icon Share Twitter LinkedIn Tools Icon Tools Get Permissions Cite Icon Cite Search Site Citation Alice Bay Maloney; The Distressingly Virtuous Isaac: Biographical Notes on Isaac Cox, Author of "The Annals of Trinity County". California Historical Society Quarterly 1 June 1942; 21 (2): 127–140. doi: https://doi.org/10.2307/25160994 Download citation file: Ris (Zotero) Reference Manager EasyBib Bookends Mendeley Papers EndNote RefWorks BibTex toolbar search Search Dropdown Menu nav search search input Search input auto suggest search filter All ContentCalifornia History Search This content is only available via PDF. Copyright 1942 The California Historical Society Article PDF first page preview Close Modal You do not currently have access to this content.

The Canyon City meteorite from Trinity County, California

The Canyon City meteorite from Trinity County, California

Scientific Serials

American Journal of Science, June.—Notes on American earthquakes, with a summary of the seismic disturbances re corded in North and South America and adjacent waters during the year 1884, by C. G. Rockwood, jun.—Taconic rocks and stratigraphy (continued): V. metamorphism and mineral consti tution in the _Taconic region, gradational from west to east and from north to south, by James D. Dana.—Notes on the possible age of some of the Mesozoic rocks of the Queen Charlotte Islands and Biitish Columbia, byj. F. Whiteaves.—Crystallised Tiemannite and metacinnabarite, by Samuel L. Penfield. To the paper is appended a note by Prof. J. E. Clayton on the occurrence of Tiemannite in a mine 200 miles south of Salt Lake City.—On the gahnite occurring in the Davis Mines of Rowe, Massachusetts.—The genealogy and age of the species iu the southern Old Tertiaries, by Dr. Otto Meyer.—On some speci mens of meteoric iron from Trinity County, California, by Charles Upham Shepard. The analysis yielded: iron, 88.810; nickel, 7.278; cobalt, 0.172; phosphorus, 0.120.—The Potsdam group east of the Blue Ridge at Balcony Falls, Virginia, by H. D. Campbell.—Geology of the sea-bottom in the approaches to New York Bay, by A. Lindenkohl.—Additional notes on the Kettle-Holes of the Wood's Holl region, Massachusetts, by B. F. Koons.—Cause of the apparently perfect cleavage in American sphene (titanite), by G. H. Williams.