Trinity Cathedral Research Articles

Restoration of the Painting The Baptism of Christ from the Collection of Easel Paintings of the Holy Trinity Cathedral of the Alexander Nevsky Lavra

Restoration of the Painting The Baptism of Christ from the Collection of Easel Paintings of the Holy Trinity Cathedral of the Alexander Nevsky Lavra

Study on indoor air temperature and moisture behaviour in historical churches

Increased indoor air humidity in cultural heritage buildings in the Baltic States region results in the deterioration of cultural heritage values. Existing norms, standards, and research do not specify the necessary conservational microclimate indoor air parameter limits. Two main types of historical cultural heritage building constructions exist based on enclosing structures – wood and masonry, with various heating strategies and usage intensities. This study complements previous research on the microclimate of Krimulda Church and compiles measurements of three additional Latvian churches: Turaida Church, Riga Jesus Church, and Liepaja St. Trinity Cathedral. Microclimate measurements were conducted in two wood and two masonry churches. Humidity ratio and moisture excess calculations were derived from the measurement data. Results indicate that in certain cases, the moisture excess threshold of 6 g/m3 and indoor air humidity ratio threshold of 15,6 g/kg are exceeded, posing a significant risk of condensation. Moisture evaporation levels from masonry church constructions were identified. The study reveals conservational microclimate indoor air parameter limits for various types of churches in the Baltic States climatic region.

A Retrospect of Antiquity While Proclaiming Peter I the Father of His Homeland, Emperor, and Great

This article analyzes the references to Antiquity in “The Petition of the Senators to Tsar Peter I for the Adoption of the Title of Peter the Great, the Father of His Homeland and the Emperor of All Russians” (on October 21/22, 1721) and in “The Speech Written and Delivered by Peter I at the Old Trinity Cathedral of St. Petersburg after He Had Read Out the Peace Treaty with Sweden” (on October 22, 1721), when he adopted the above titles). The Latin spellings of these titles in the texts of the 1720s were examined (based on the published version of A.F. Sigismundi’s speech on signing the Treaty of Nystad). The retrospective look of the contemporaries of the studied events at the history of Antiquity was discussed: particular attention was paid to the historical ideas about the ancient Roman state expressed by P.N. Kriokshin, an associate of Peter I, along with his views on the Slavic–Russian history. The commitment to the values of ancient societies (heroic service to the Homeland, patriotism, valor, and courage) along with the political focus on the image of the Roman state strengthened the socioideological background of the Russian statehood. In was concluded that the great figures who shaped the Russian empire in the 18th century were concerned, consciously and purposefully, with providing additional stability to the whole system and thus relied on the past experience of Antiquity.

To Build Fast and Cheap”: The Formation of the Idea of Pskov’s Urban Development in the 1940s–1970s

This article examines the evolution of ideas on the post-war development of Pskov based on the city’s master plans. Modern Pskov with many ancient churches and fortress walls was restored after severe military destruction which had happened during the Great Patriotic War. The master plan of 1945 worked out by Leningrad architects assumed a complete ensemble building system inside the center of Pskov with the restoration of Orthodox churches as well as the relocation of industrial enterprises from the city center to the outskirts. An important feature of the new look of Pskov was to be the city center with low buildings, emphasizing the importance of ancient monuments raised from the ruins. This vision of the historical center of the city was actively defended by the restorer and architect Yu. P. Spegalsky, who, however, failed to interest the local government in his ideas. As a result, the postwar Pskov was restored and developed with an eye kept on the current needs of the city’s development. In the 1950s, the area to be built in Pskov was significantly expanded. From an open space with a view of the Trinity Cathedral and a proposed monument to Alexander Nevsky, Sovetskaya Square, the center of the city, was turned into Lenin Square, a transport junction, surrounded from different sides by new buildings, which had an important ideological meaning (Oktiabr movie theater, Trade Union House of Culture). The new master plan of 1963 was focused on mass construction of model housing and development of urban infrastructure. But this master plan did not take into account the value and importance of ancient architectural monuments. After the consolidation of the professional community in the mid-1960s in Pskov, the attitude towards the monuments began to change. This was reflected in the master plan of 1973, which tried to combine the further growth of the city and the development of Pskov as a tourist center.

Saint Bridget of Sweden and the Teutonic Knights. Her Revelations in the context of the Gothic crucifix from the Holy Trinity Cathedral in Kulmsee (Chełmża) and the legacy of other mystics

The article presents an analysis of the early fifteenth-century wood-carved crucifix from the Holy Trinity cathedral in Kulmsee (Chełmża) in the context of the fourteenth-century Brigidian Revelations. The crucifix was created in a unique in the Teutonic Order State four-nails type. It differs from other, more distant, and older, crucifixes of the four-nails type. In my opinion, the crucifix, because of its inspirations which come from the Revelations of Saint Bridget of Sweden, is another type of a mystical work of art; however, it does not belong to the fourteenth-century widespread type of mystical, extremely suffering crucifixes. My intention is to show that the reception of ideas and motifs in the Gothic times could also be apolitical, although it might be considered a paradox since we have in mind some critical remarks of Saint Bridget towards the Teutonic Order. Furthermore, I emphasise that in the fourteenth century, which was a period distinguished by flourishing mysticism, were present certain similarities in writings of various mystics, which can be compared to a style of the particular time – in German, “Zeitstil”. The discussed crucifix is another evidence that in Christian art the sculptors and their instructors had tremendous artistic licence, and the sacred image along with its visual language was of significant importance for the piety of that period.

Комплекс пядничных икон со столпов Троицкого собора Троице-Сергиевой лавры (1834 – начала ХХ в.)

В статье впервые рассматривается история формирования и состав комплекса пядничных икон столпов Троицкого собора Троице-Сергиевой лавры, сложившегося по распоряжению митрополита московского Филарета Дроздова в 1834 г. The article deals for the first time with the history and composition of the span pillar icons in the Trinity Cathedral at the Trinity-St. Sergius Lavra. The complex was created by the order of Moscow Metropolitan Filaret (Drozdov) in 1834.

Experience of using 3D reconstructions of cultural heritage objects in museum practice (on the example of the Trinity Cathedral in Stavropol-on-Volga)

This article is a logical continuation of the author's article "Virtual reconstruction of the Trinity Cathedral in Stavropol-on-Volga in the first half of the twentieth century: sources, methods and research technologies", which contains a more detailed account of the history of the city of Stavropol-on-Volga and the Trinity Cathedral, as well as a description of the process of developing a virtual reconstruction. The subject of this study is the analysis of foreign and domestic experience in the use of virtual reconstructions in museum practice, as well as a description of the author's experience in preparing and placing materials for the virtual reconstruction of the monument of historical and cultural heritage in the museum exposition of the Togliatti Museum of Local Lore. The Trinity Cathedral, built in 1738 in Stavropol, was one of the very first buildings of the city. It was the city-forming and uniting Kalmyks, accustomed to nomadism, in one place on the basis of religion. Due to the complete loss of the building, as well as the lack of development of its virtual reconstruction at the last stage of its existence, the creation of a 3D model of the Trinity Cathedral is an urgent project that will contribute to the preservation of the common cultural heritage of the city of Togliatti, and will also probably help attract public attention and investors who can help in the restoration and preservation of this monument historical and cultural heritage.

Virtual reconstruction of the Trinity Cathedral in Stavropol-on-Volga in the first half of the twentieth century: sources, methods and research technologies

This work is devoted to the current direction of historical urbanism – the creation of virtual reconstruction of objects of historical urban development. Specifically, the task of creating a 3D reconstruction of the Trinity Cathedral in Stavropol-on-Volga (currently Togliatti, Samara region) is being solved. This cathedral was rebuilt four times and moved twice, and in the end it was blown up and flooded during the construction of Kuibyshev (Zhigulevskaya) Hydroelectric power station in 1955. The main purpose of the study is the reconstruction of the final version of the appearance of the stone temple in the middle of the twentieth century. The work contains a study of the history of the cathedral, the urban area where it was located, as well as a description of the process of creating a virtual reconstruction and related problems. Due to the complete loss of the building, as well as the lack of development of its virtual reconstruction at the last stage of its existence, the creation of a 3D model of the Trinity Cathedral is an urgent project that will contribute to the preservation of the common cultural heritage of the city of Togliatti, and will also probably help attract public attention and investors who can help in the restoration and preservation of this monument historical and cultural heritage. The study was conducted with the support of the Togliatti Museum of Local Lore, which provided numerous materials for research with the desire to place the virtual reconstruction obtained during this work in its exposition.

Greek Tragedy or Gestation Period: Future of the Modern Church in Greece

Greek Tragedy or Gestation Period: Future of the Modern Church in Greece

Contributors

Robin Gillis Emeritus Professor of Applied Theology at the University of Kent and an Honorary Provincial Canon of Canterbury Cathedral and Canon Theologian (and for three years Acting Dean) of Holy Trinity Cathedral, Gibraltar. For thirteen years he was chair of the Archbishop of Canterbury’s Medical Ethics Advisory Group. He is a member of the British Medical Association’s Medical Ethics Committee, of the Medical Research Council’s Stem Cell Bank Steering Committee and, previously, of the Nuffield Council on Bioethics. He is editor of the journal Theology and author or editor of some forty books on Christian ethics

Western Europe etching as a protype for Chernihiv Trinity Cathedral wall-paintings of 19th century

Western Europe etching as a protype for Chernihiv Trinity Cathedral wall-paintings of 19th century

ИСТОРИЯ ГРАДО-ЯКУТСКОГО КАФЕДРАЛЬНОГО ТРОИЦКОГО СОБОРА В КЕРАМИЧЕСКОМ КИРПИЧЕ

The study of the history of ceramic brick production in Yakutsk and the chronology of changing its nominal size is clearly seen on the example of stone buildings of the pre-revolutionary period, starting from the 18th century. Many architectural buildings made of ceramic brick have retained their integrity, uniqueness and exclusivity. Based on literary sources and archival documents, the main stages of the construction of the Trinity Cathedral (from 1708 to 1901) are traced, during which the unique architectural appearance of the first stone church in the city of Yakutsk is formed. Holy Trinity Cathedral in Yakutsk and recreating its historical appearance, bricks of the 18th and 19th centuries are selected to determine the durability of brickwork for the possibility of restoring the ancient architectural monument and their physical and mechanical properties are determined. The initial results of the survey of the building with a description of the structural features of the construction of brick walls and floors, the results of the study of the physical and mechanical properties of ceramic brick samples of different centuries are given. It is determined that ceramic bricks of the 18th century have a smaller grade in strength than bricks of the 19th century, but they are in good condition, which allows the restoration work. This study is another attempt to comprehend and understand the secrets of the masters, systematize and restore the chronology of the monument's history.

Культурно-просветительная работа Русского музея в годы войны (блокада и эвакуация)

The article discusses the methods of scientific and artistic propaganda (Museum and local history tour, lesson at the exhibition, lecture, conversation with slides). Museum employees at places of temporary storage of monuments carried out educational work among the population. Working with the audience in the Museum serves as a support for the positive state of mind of people in the conditions of intense wartime. Meeting with evacuees collections of art monuments allowed residents of Perm, Gorky, Solikamsk and other regional centers in 1941–1945 to expand their horizons, aesthetically evaluate the famous masterpieces of Russian art, which had a beneficial effect on the entire cultural climate of the provincial society. During the great Patriotic war, the main part of the art collections of the State Russian Museum was evacuated to Molotov (Perm). Paintings, sculptures, works of iconography are placed in the Perm Museum of local lore, in the Trinity Cathedral of Solikamsk. Conducting excursions and consultations at temporary exhibitions, conversations with slides are methods of scientific and educational work. This work was important and necessary for the residents of Perm. The meeting with art organized for visitors of the Museum in Perm by the staff of the Russian Museum provided great spiritual support during the great Patriotic war, which can be regarded as an unprecedented case of aesthetic education of the younger generation and spiritual support of the residents of Perm in wartime conditions. The relevance of the material presented in the article is undeniable. In the last years of the twenty-fi rst century, there have been increasing calls for a review of the role of the Soviet Army in the great Patriotic war (1941–1945). It is necessary to take responsibility for historical truth. The importance of the Victory, which brought liberation from Hitlerism not only to our Homeland, but also to the Western world, is great, and the merits are invaluable. It is necessary to preserve the truth for future generations of residents of the former Soviet space, as well as citizens of other countries. Special importance in the preservation of memory belongs to documentary sources, which include archive materials. Along with them, works of art created during the war or in the first post-war years play an invaluable role in restoring the truth.

ОСОБЕННОСТИ АМЕРИКАНСКОГО ПЕРИОДА ТВОРЧЕСТВА ИКОНОПИСЦА П. М. СОФРОНОВА

The article for the first time gives an analysis of the work of the world famous, but little studied in Russia, Old Believer icon painter and restorer icons Pimen Maksimovich Sofronov in the third, American period. The author systematizes scattered information about his artistic activities in the United States, makes a chronology of the creation of his works during this period, and makes an analysis of them. The description of the temples where P.M. Sofronov worked, and the painting of their interiors, is given for the first time in scientific literature. Analyzing the biographical data and the work of the icon painter in the third, American period, which turned out to be the longest, the author of the article concludes that at this time the quality of the master's work is changing. Since, in Europe, P.M. Sofronov gained the experience of wall painting of churches, now, in North America, he was able to fully realize this side of his talent by making the transition from easel icon painting to monumental painting. Now the researcher's attention has been given to extensive temple complexes, often consisting of both stenographs and iconostases, which have their own specific program. The author interprets the canon in accordance with the architectural space that is provided to him for painting. Each time it is a new theological and artistic task. Having completed such major works as paintings of the interiors of Trinity Cathedral in Brooklyn, the Church of the Three Saints in Ansonia, the Church of Peter and Paul in Syracuse, the Vladimir Church in Trenton, St. Trinity in Weinland, the artist made a significant contribution to the church art of Russian emigration.

Сотрудничество государства и церкви в реставрации Свято-Троицкого собора Александро-Невской лавры

Сотрудничество государства и церкви в реставрации Свято-Троицкого собора Александро-Невской лавры

"Rosyjskie Wilno" Andrzeja Murawjowa

The article is an attempt to present the impressions of Andrey Muraviev, religious writer, theologian, poet, playwright, church and state activist, from his stay in Vilnius in 1863, on the basis of his work entitled The Russian Vilnius. It consists of six essays on Vilnius religious monuments: the Chapel of Our Lady of Ostra Brama, St. Paraskeva Orthodox church, Orthodox cathedral of Our Most Holy Lady, Orthodox church of translation of St Nicholas’ relics, Holy Trinity cathedral, Holy Spirit church and monastery complex. The author was only interested in monuments which would document the city’s connections to Russia and Orthodox Christianity. His reflections might be considered as a literary justification for the program of Russification of the north-west country, developed by the writer’s brother, Mikhail, who went down in Polish historical memory as Veshatiel.

The Trinity-Danilov Monastery: Cathedral Frescoes

The mid-seventeenth-century frescoes at the Trinity Cathedral, Trinity Danilov Monastery in Pereslavl-Zalesskii, are among the major works of late medieval Russian monumental art. Of special interest is the cycle portraying elements from the Apocalypse from the Book of Revelation. Painted at a time of great turbulence in the Russian Church and in Russian society, these frescoes join other cycles of the period in depicting a general cataclysm.

VOYNO-YASENETSKY Valentin Feliksovich (1877-1961). To the 140th of the birthday

Voyno-Yasenetsky Valentin Feliksovich (Archbishop Luka) Archbishop of Crimea and Simferopol, Russian and Soviet surgeon, the author of works in anesthesiology, doctor of medical Sciences (1916), Professor (1917); doctor of theology (1959), winner of the Stalin prize, first degree (1946).
 
 F. Voino-Yasenetsky was born 27 APR 1877. After graduating from high school and Kiev art school, studied painting in Munich. In 1898 he became a student of the medical faculty of Kiev University, after which he worked as a surgeon in Chita, the town of Ardatov in Simbirsk province S. Verkhniy Lyubazh, Kursk region, town of Fatezh, Moscow. In 1915 he published in Saint Petersburg the book "Regional anesthesia", and in 1916 he defended it as his thesis and received the degree of doctor of medicine. Until 1917 the doctor in some of the provincial hospitals of Russia, and later the chief doctor of Tashkent city hospital, Professor of Central Asian state University. In 1921 he was ordained to the diaconate, a week a priest in 1923 he was tonsured a monk and consecrated a Bishop with the name Luca, a week later arrested. In 1926 V. F. Voyno-Yasenetsky returned to Tashkent, but in 1930 he was arrested again and transported to Arkhangelsk. In 1934 he published a monograph "Sketches of purulent surgery". In 1937 he was arrested for the third time. Since 1940, works as a surgeon in the link in Bolshaya Murta, 110 kilometers from Krasnoyarsk. 1941 – consultant to all hospitals in the Krasnoyarsk territory and the chief surgeon of the hospital. In 1942 was elevated to the rank of Archbishop and appointed to the chair of Krasnoyarsk. In 1944, published the monograph "On the course of chronic empyema and hundreth" and "Late resections of infected gunshot wounds of the joints." In 1944, Archbishop Luke was headed by the Department of Tambov. In 1945, awarded the Patriarch Alexy I right to wear the diamond cross, wrote the book "Spirit, soul and body." In 1946 he headed the Crimean Department in Simferopol. In 1946 he was awarded the Stalin prize. In 1955, was blind. Died V. F. Voyno-Yasenetsky June 11, 1961, Archbishop of Crimea and Simferopol.
 
 Author of 55 scientific papers on surgery and anatomy, ten volumes of sermons. His most famous book "Sketches of purulent surgery". Awarded Pointscore (1916), the diamond cross from the Patriarch of all Russia (1944), medal "For valiant labor in the great Patriotic war" (1945), Stalin prize first degree (1944).
 Archbishop Luka monuments in Krasnoyarsk, Tambov, and Simferopol, is an honorary citizen of Pereslavl-Zalessky (posthumously). In 1995, St Luke canonized as locally venerated saints of the Crimean diocese, in 2000, the definition of the Council of bishops of the Russian Orthodox Church glorified as a Confessor (Saint) in the Assembly of new martyrs and Confessors of Russia. His relics are installed for worship at Holy Trinity Cathedral in Simferopol.

“Holy Trinity and Genesis Scenes”. Icon from the Troitse-Gledensky Мonastery

The article concerns some stylistic features of the 17th century icon of the “Holy Trinity” from the Troitse-Gledensky monastery near Veliky Ustyug. The author examines other meanings devoted to this image and also tells about some new early documentation which containing information about it. They prove, that it was in the past an extremely important icon of the Trinity cathedral. Investigating its style, the author identifies the closest stylistic analogies as the icons created by the famous Russian painter Fiodor Zubov from the late 1750s to the early 1760s. New iconographic sources of the icon are named for the first time. The early work of Fiodor Zubov and “Holy Trinity” are considered as belonging to the official “luxurious” style of Russian painting.

Classism in the Stacks: Libraries and Poverty

The ALA Council approved Library Services for Poor People, Policy 61, in 1990, sixteen years ago. should enjoy the same status as the Library Bill of Rights, another ALA policy establishes norms or standards for collection development and facilities use. But it does not. Unlike the immediately preceding policy on minority concerns, ALA units have never been canvassed on what they had done or would do implement it. Hundreds of institutions have formally adopted LBR as their own policy and often frame and display it in the library itself. I know of no library has similarly adopted and publicized the Poor People's Policy (PPP). Indeed, only weeks ago a library board candidate in Minneapolis pointedly asked the MPL director about such an adoption. The answer: The library's for everybody. Why focus on one particular group or demographic?Right now, according Worldcat, Street Spirit and Mother Warriors Voice, two outstanding vehicles for poor people's news, opinions, graphics, and poetry, are held by exactly four and eight respectively.Within the past year or two:In Denver, Colorado, an advocacy group for low-income communities charged libraries in Denver's poorest areas are open fewer hours than those elsewhere, noting fewer library hours contribute learning gaps between low-income and more affluent students.In Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, twenty branches were slated become express libraries, open only from one five daily and staffed solely by clerks. That plan, conceived without consulting frontline staff, friends' groups, or neighborhood associations, would-say critics-underserve some of the city's poorest neighborhoods. (As a parenthetical aside: ALA Policy 61 advocates equity in funding adequate library services for poor people in terms of materials, facilities, & equipment.)Kansas City, Missouri, unveiled a new downtown library. cost fifty mil- lion dollars renovate a 98-year-old bank building. A Kansas City Star columnist applauded the attractive facility, but added: It should be just as open and inviting homeless people as the old downtown library was. People on the street had always sought shelter, read books and periodicals, used computers and napped at the old library until it closed in January.... The main branch was a midway stop for people walking from shelters east of downtown the Grace and Holy Trinity Cathedral for a free midday meal. Now the city's neediest people may be 'poverty profiled' and kept from the new library. Officials also are proposing a 'compassion campus' near shelters keep homeless people away from downtown's new library and upscale condominiums and loft apartments. The compassion campus could include a homeless day center and soup kitchen. But people I talked with were outraged by plans limit their freedom. One homeless man said the irony is people like him would be excluded from the area they've helped rebuild. Homeless people often are picked up as day laborers rehabbing old buildings for new occupants.That same writer does an annual trek some twenty dressed in an old army coat, black knit cap, faded jeans, and a frayed shirt. During his latest investigation, he found many libraries aren't keeping up. Branches could use some of the wealth sunk into the new downtown library. There were never enough computers. Libraries help bridge the digital divide between rich and poor. I also found, he said, that the downtown passers-by should be the occupants of a 'compassion campus.' For yet another year, they treated me badly because of how I was dressed. They need see everyone regardless of appearance as a human being. What's happening now adds the misery of the homeless. 'Anybody can become homeless,' said Cindy Butler at the Grand Avenue Temple. 'Everybody falls down sometimes.' She's right. Everyone needs kindness and warmth, especially at libraries.Shortly after report, another columnist commented wryly on KCPL's customer behavior expectations, brochures handed out by library security at the entrance and intended to thin the new library's down-and-out ranks. …