Triliteral Roots Research Articles

A Bi-Gram Approach for an Exhaustive Arabic Triliteral Roots Lexicon

With the rapid development of science and technology, many new concepts and terms appear, especially in English. Other languages try to express these concepts with words from their vocabulary. In Arabic, there are many ways to find a counterpart for a particularly new concept, such as using an existing word to denote the new concept, derivation, and blending. When these methods fail, the new concepts are phonetically transliterated. Unfortunately, most of the transliterated terms do not conform to the rules of the Arabic language, and many languages, including Arabic, avoid the use of such terms. Some modern linguists call for using the generation strategy to translate new terms into Arabic based on the idea of the meanings of the Arabic letters. Therefore, it is necessary to provide a resource that contains all Arabic roots with a categorization of what is used, what is available for use, and what is rejected according to the phonetic system. This work provides a comprehensive lexicon that contains all possible triliteral roots and determines the status of each root in terms of usage and acceptability. Additionally, it provides a mechanism for giving preference to roots when there is more than one root that indicates the desired meaning.

A comparison study of some Arabic root finding algorithms

AbstractArabic has a complex structure, which makes it difficult to apply natural language processing (NLP). Much research on Arabic NLP (ANLP) does exist; however, it is not as mature as that of other languages. Finding Arabic roots is an important step toward conducting effective research on most of ANLP applications. The authors have studied and compared six root‐finding algorithms with success rates of over 90%. All algorithms of this study did not use the same testing corpus and/or benchmarking measures. They unified the testing process by implementing their own algorithm descriptions and building a corpus out of 3823 triliteral roots, applying 73 triliteral patterns, and with 18 affixes, producing around 27.6 million words. They tested the algorithms with the generated corpus and have obtained interesting results; they offer to share the corpus freely for benchmarking and ANLP research.

A novel approach to the extraction of roots from Arabic words using bigrams

AbstractRoot extraction is one of the most important topics in information retrieval (IR), natural language processing (NLP), text summarization, and many other important fields. In the last two decades, several algorithms have been proposed to extract Arabic roots. Most of these algorithms dealt with triliteral roots only, and some with fixed length words only. In this study, a novel approach to the extraction of roots from Arabic words using bigrams is proposed. Two similarity measures are used, the dissimilarity measure called the “Manhattan distance,” and Dice's measure of similarity. The proposed algorithm is tested on the Holy Qu'ran and on a corpus of 242 abstracts from the Proceedings of the Saudi Arabian National Computer Conferences. The two files used contain a wide range of data: the Holy Qu'ran contains most of the ancient Arabic words while the other file contains some modern Arabic words and some words borrowed from foreign languages in addition to the original Arabic words. The results of this study showed that combining N‐grams with the Dice measure gives better results than using the Manhattan distance measure.

Derivational Processes: Underlying Forms and Analogies in Ḥayyûjs Linguistic Works

This study examines Rabbi Yehuda Hayyûj′s (945–1000 C.E.) use of two derivational processes: underlying forms and linguistic analogies (singular: ArabicHebrew), which were an integral element of his work. Since his goal was to show the derivation of Hebrew verbs from triliteral roots, he focused on weak verbs whose surface forms did not demonstrate all three radicals. He compared many weak verbs to other verbal forms in order to identify the exact inflection of words, especially their verbal patternand consonantal roots.

The sound structure of verb roots in modern Hebrew

I. SOUNDS IN MODERN HEBREW Hebrew shorashim – the triliteral roots – have already been analysed from many points of view, for example in Morgenbrod & Serifi (1976, 1977, 1978). The aim of this article is an examination of the sound structure of shorashim.In general we can divide the consonants which form the shorashim into two different types; concerning (a) the manner of articulation (e.g. plosives, nasals, etc.); and (b) the place of articulation (e.g. bilabials, labiodentals, etc.).In this study we have concentrated on position of articulation and ignore manner of articulation.In Figure I the consonants forming the shorashim are related to the different kinds of sounds according to Wendt (1961).In order to investigate the relationship between the sounds it is convenient to establish so-called compound matrices with a computer. All computation was done by a program in COBOL running on the SIEMENS System 4004. As material for our analysis we took 2443 shorashim from the sources Barkaly (1972) and Even-Shoshan (1972).

Distinguo

Summary In this paper some basic ideas and terms employed by the Modistae are explained and exemplified, particularly the concepts of matter and form, act and potency, and then related to similar concepts in modern linguistics. The distinction of vox, dictio and pars orationis in modistic work is discussed and dictio is compared to Semitic triliteral roots. Neither can be part of spoken language. The distinctions of modes of being, modes of signifying and modes of existing are discussed, and it is pointed out that conceptions of language or linguistics can vary, depending on how the modes are employed. From this perspective, lexical decomposition is discussed, and the ability of language to abbreviate is cited as one of its most effective processes. The suggestiveness of analysing kill as cause/become/not/alive is compared with decomposition of other verbs, notably fetch and read. The proposed verbal classification of Case Grammar and especially the covert case roles are discussed. It is suggested that the perspective of the Modistae can help us see some problems here in a different light. In particular, analysis of reciprocal relations, found in forms like marry, exchange and swap lead to the proposal that the restriction on cases other than Object occurring more than once in a case frame needs reexamination.