Tricyclic Type Research Articles

What fits me? Procurement of adapted tricycle for activity and participation

Purpose To determine which factors are relevant when applying for the most appropriate adapted tricycle for people with disabilities. Methods Patients participating in a rehabilitation programme and planning to apply for an adapted tricycle were invited to participate in an observational study. Measurements used were watts when pedalling, 6-minute walk test, the Trunk Impairment Scale, 30 s sit-to-stand test, Oxford Scale of muscle strength and range of motion testing. Participants answered questions about important factors for choice of tricycle. Nonparametric correlation tests were performed using SPSS to investigate relevant associations between test results and tricycle type. Results The study included 37 participants with a large variety of complex disabilities who applied for 9 different adapted tricycles. Participants ranged in age from 5 to 79 years (M = 24 years, SD = 20), with almost half (49%) under 18 years of age. More than half of the participants (57%) were women. Most participants chose an assistive motor. Participants over 50 years applied for a recumbent tricycle. Answers on questionnaire revealed safety, comfort and mastery as important factors for tricycle choice. Conclusions Large variations in personal characteristics and needs indicate that individually tailored assessments are necessary to find the most appropriate tricycle. Implications for rehabilitation Large variations of characteristics and needs among people with disabilities and tricycle types indicate individual-level analyses are necessary to find the most appropriate one. A large selection of tricycles and support from an experienced professional when testing are success factors for finding the most appropriate tricycle.

Four new cassane-type diterpenoids from the seed kernels of Caesalpinia cucullata Roxb.

The first investigation of chemical composition in seed kernels of Caesalpinia cucullata Roxb. resulted in the separation of four new cassane diterpenes, including three furanoditerpenes (1, 2 and 4) and one tricyclic type (3). It was the first found cassane diterpenoids from this plant. Their gross structures were elucidated by means of comprehensive spectroscopic analysis (UV, IR, NMR, HRESIMS) as well as electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculation. The compound 1 possess a rare isomerized dihydrofuran ring in structure framework. In bioassay, compounds 1-4 exhibited moderate anti-inflammatory activity by inhibiting production of NO in LPS-induced RAW 264.7 cells.

Importance of Incorporating Protein Flexibility in Molecule Modeling: A Theoretical Study on Type I1/2 NIK Inhibitors.

NF-κB inducing kinase (NIK), which is considered as the central component of the non-canonical NF-κB pathway, has been proved to be an important target for the regulation of the immune system. In the past few years, NIK inhibitors with various scaffolds have been successively reported, among which type I1/2 inhibitors that can not only bind in the ATP-binding pocket at the DFG-in state but also extend into an additional back pocket, make up the largest proportion of the NIK inhibitors, and are worthy of more attention. In this study, an integration protocol that combines molecule docking, MD simulations, ensemble docking, MM/GB(PB)SA binding free energy calculations, and decomposition was employed to understand the binding mechanism of 21 tricyclic type I1/2 NIK inhibitors. It is found that the docking accuracy is largely dependent on the selection of docking protocols as well as the crystal structures. The predictions given by the ensemble docking based on multiple receptor conformations (MRCs) and the MM/GB(PB)SA calculations based on MD simulations showed higher linear correlations with the experimental data than those given by conventional rigid receptor docking (RRD) methods (Glide, GOLD, and Autodock Vina), highlighting the importance of incorporating protein flexibility in predicting protein–ligand interactions. Further analysis based on MM/GBSA demonstrates that the hydrophobic interactions play the most essential role in the ligand binding to NIK, and the polar interactions also make an important contribution to the NIK-ligand recognition. A deeper comparison of several pairs of representative derivatives reveals that the hydrophobic interactions are vitally important in the structural optimization of analogs as well. Besides, the H-bond interactions with some key residues and the large desolvation effect in the back pocket devote to the affinity distinction. It is expected that our study could provide valuable insights into the design of novel and potent type I1/2 NIK inhibitors.

Development of liquid urea ammonium nitrate fertilizer foliar application system for enhanced nutrient use efficiency

A tricycle type manually operated foliar applicator was developed with ground clearance of 74.15 cm that can be operated on standing wheat crop having row spacing of 20-22 cm. The physical properties of urea ammonium nitrate (UAN) with 3% N were found nearly equal to water with respect to dynamic viscosity, surface tension and specific gravity of UAN. Based on pressure, discharges requirement and corrosiveness of UAN, reciprocating typePVC pump (2 no.) with capacity of 4.53 l/min each was selected for the sprayer. Three type of nozzles, i.e. flat fan, stream jet SJ7 and stream jet SJ3 were evaluated in terms of discharge, spray pattern and spray angle at different heights and pressures. Spray pattern and uniformity of spray distribution of nozzles (flat fan, stream jet SJ3 and SJ7) were determined on patternator test rig. Flat fan nozzles showed most uniform pattern at 2 kg/cm2 pressure and 500 mm nozzle height, whereas streamjet SJ7 showed maximum uniformity at 1.6 kg/cm2 and 600 mm height. Streamjet SJ3 nozzles were found suitable for low boom height and directed application of fertilizer. Variation in discharge of nozzles among the boom was observed less than 10% while operated in field. Field capacity of the developed foliar applicator was found 0.3 ha/h. Operating pressure of 1.5 kg/cm2 was found ergonomically suitable with an average heart rate and energy expenditure of 119 beats/min and 26.7 kJ/min, respectively for operating the prototype. The break-even point (BEP) and payback period (PBP) of developed foliar applicator were estimated as 113.43 h/year and 4 years at the operational cost of Rupees 94.68/ha.

A new phase of phosphorus: the missed tricycle type red phosphorene

We predict a new two-dimensional allotrope of phosphorus, which we call red phosphorene, by restructuring the segments of the previously proposed blue and black phosphorenes. Its atomic and electronic structures as well as the thermodynamic and dynamic stabilities are systematically studied by first-principles calculations. The results indicate that the red phosphorene is dynamically stable and possesses remarkably thermodynamical stability comparable to that of the black one. Because of the sp3-hybridization and the formation of a localized lone pair, red phosphorene is a semiconductor with an indirect band gap of about 1.96 eV, which can be effectively modulated by in-plane strains due to its wave-like configuration. We find that the red, black and blue phosphorenes show evident distinction in their layer thicknesses, surface work functions, and possible colors, based on which one can distinguish them in future experiments.

Structure, stability and electronic properties of tricycle type graphane

AbstractWe propose a new allotrope of graphane (named as ‘tricycle') with equivalent 4up/2down UUUDUD hydrogenation in each six‐carbon ring, which can be considered as the combination of previously proposed 3up/3down chair graphane and stirrup graphane. We find that tricycle graphane is more stable than stirrup graphane and its negative Gibbs free energy (–91 meV/atom) is very close to that of the most stable chair one (–103 meV/atom). Investigations on its vibrational property confirm its dynamical stability. Such a new two‐dimensional hydrocarbon may be produced in the process of graphene hydrogenation with a relatively high probability due to its remarkable stability.magnified imageTricycle graphane with 4up/2down (UUUDUD) hydrogenation in each hexagonal carbon ring, which can be considered as the combination of chair (3up/3down: UDUDUD) and stirrup (3up/3down: UUUDDD) graphane.(© 2012 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

2A1-Q12 小型電気自動車の商品化に対する研究開発(【交通・物流部門】自動車分野におけるロボティクス)

The small tricycle type electric vehicle: MEGURU-1 was made by the Yodogawa Manufacturing Ltd. in Osaka Prefecture Moriguchi City in 2009 fiscal year. In this year, the Yodogawa company and Osaka Pref. College of Technology will produce a second model of the vehicle. In this paper, we show that development and evaluation of MEGURU-2. MEGURU-2 is the motorcycle with sidecar in the security standard of the road transport vehicle in Japan. We design the body of MEGURU-2 to suit the security standard of the road transport vehicle in Japan. The power source of MEGURU-2 is the sealed lead acid battery. It is important that knowledge of basic performance of the use battery. There we research the charge and discharge performance.

On some Characteristics of a Front Wheel driven Tricycle Type Tractor

On some Characteristics of a Front Wheel driven Tricycle Type Tractor

Optimal path generation for a simulated autonomous mobile robot

The paper deals with a set of algorithms including path planning, trajectory planning, and path tracking for a tricycle type wheeled mobile robot. Path planning is carried out with parametric polynomial interpolation using an optimization algorithm based on robot geometric constraints. Trajectory characteristics are then derived from the planned geometric path with time varying parameters. A sliding mode control algorithm combined with an adaptive control law are used to track the planned trajectory. The technique deals with an environment free of obstacles. However, it can be easily integrated in a piecewise non colliding path generation. Simulation results are presented to show the validity of the different algorithms.

Mechanism of the Color Reaction of Active Methylene Compounds with 1, 3, 5-Trinitrobenzene Derivatives. III. The Color Reactions of Cyclohexanone, and Acetophenone, with 1, 3, 5-Trinitrobenzene

The color reactions of cyclohexanone, and acetophenone, with 1, 3, 5-trinitrobenzene were investigated. Two main coloring matters, a Meisenheimer type compound, IV Na and a tricyclic type compound, V Na, were isolated from the reaction mixture of cyclohexanone. In the case of the reaction of acetophenone with excessive 1, 3, 5-trinitrobenzene, the Meisenheimer type compound, VII Na, was the sole coloring matter. From a comparison of the absorption spectral behavior of them with the color reaction mixtures, mechanisms of the color reactions of cyclohexanone, and acetophenone, under the spot test procedure were elucidated.

Some Current Types of Landing Gear

THE landing gear of Anglo‐French Concorde is of conventional tricycle type. It consists of two main legs each fitted with a four‐wheel bogie (fig. 1) a nose leg fitted with a twin wheel unit (FIG. 2); a retractable tail bumper is also fitted. The main gear is manufactured by Hispano Suiza and the nose gear by Messier. The majority of the components are made from very high tensile steel (35NCD16) which is vacuum melted, treated to 270,000 lb./sq. in. and for which special anti‐corrosive measures have been taken.

Dynamic Problems of the Tricycle Alighting Gear

Dynamic Problems of the Tricycle Alighting Gear