Trichomonads Research Articles

Wirkung von Antiaminosauren auf Trichomonas vaginalis

B indolilacrylic acid in concentrations above 0.15 mg/ml and styrylacetic acid above 0 20 mg/ml inhibit reproduction of Trichomonas vaginalis . The inconsistent appearance of the round forms of trichomonads may indicate that they are primitive forms that have lost their biological significance in phylogenetic development.

Comparative assessment of selected intraoral microorganisms – potential factors for peri-surgical management complications

In this research, a comparative analysis of results of investigations involving different human populations, in terms of a relation between the oral cavity health and the species composition of mouth microbiota is reported. The purpose of this analysis was to identify and assess microorganisms that could cause health complications in patients with neoplasm requiring dental problem-related surgical management. The patients with the oral cancer surgically treated and those without neoplasm were assessed for their oral health: status of teeth, gingiva, periodontium, and occurrence of inflammatory processes. From each patient, microorganisms isolated of periodontium, dental plaque, and dental pocket swabs were identified in wet and stained microscopic preparations; standard microbiology in vitro techniques were also applied to determine the fungal and bacterial strains. The comparative analysis of results of direct microscopic examinations and in vitro cultures assessment indicated significant differences in prevalences of fungi, parasitic oral protozoans and bacteriae in particular patient’s groups. Yeast-like fungi belonging to Candida genus, mostly of C. albicans group, were identified in 93.75% patients with the oral cancer, while in 25% of individuals assessed without neoplasm. E. gingivalis amoebae were only found in 12.5% patients with the serious disease; no trichomonads were detected in all patients analyzed. Among bacteria species, potentially pathogenic Enterobacteriaceae were found in the patients with oral cancer. The pronounced shift in the microbiota species composition in the patients who needed prolonged treatment due to oral cavity cancer, compared to other generally healthy persons has been showed in this analysis.

Proliferation of Prostate Stromal Cell Induced by Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia Epithelial Cell Stimulated With Trichomonas vaginalis via Crosstalk With Mast Cell.

Chronic inflammation has a role in the pathogenesis of benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and prostate cancer. Mast cells have been detected in chronic inflammatory infiltrate of the prostate, and it is possible that the interaction between prostate epithelial cells and Trichomonas vaginalis influences the activity of mast cells in the prostate stroma. Activated mast cells might influence the biological functions of nearby tissues and cells. In this study, we investigated whether mast cells reacted with the culture supernatant of BPH epithelial cells infected with T. vaginalis may induce the proliferation of prostate stromal cells. To measure the proliferation of prostate stromal cells in response to chronic inflammation caused by the infection of BPH-1 cells with T. vaginalis, the CCK-8 assay and wound healing assay were used. ELISAs, quantitative real-time PCR, western blotting and immunofluorescence were used to measure the production and expression of inflammatory cytokine and cytokine receptor. BPH-1 cells incubated with live trichomonads produced increased levels of CCL2, IL-1β, IL-6, and CXCL8, and induced the migration of mast cells and monocytes. When the culture supernatant of BPH-1 cells stimulated with trichomonads (TCM) was added to mast cells, they became activated, as confirmed by release of β-hexosaminidase and CXCL8. Prostate stromal cells incubated with the culture supernatant of mast cells activated with TCM (M-TCM) proliferated and expressed increased levels of CXCL8, CCL2, and the cytokine receptors CXCR1 and CCR2. Blocking the chemokine receptors reduced the proliferation of stromal cells and also decreased the production of CXCL8 and CCL2. Moreover, the expression of FGF2, cyclin D1, and Bcl-2 was increased in the proliferated stromal cells stimulated with M-TCM. Additionally, the M-TCM-treated stromal cells were more invasive than control cells. The inflammatory mediators released by BPH epithelial cells in response to infection by trichomonads induce the migration and activation of mast cells. The activated mast cells induce the proliferation of prostate stromal cells via CXCL8-CXCR1 and CCL2-CCR2 signaling. Our results therefore show that the inflammatory response by BPH epithelial cells stimulated with T. vaginalis induce the proliferation of prostate stromal cells via crosstalk with mast cells. Prostate 76:1431-1444, 2016. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.

Prevalence and determinants of lower reproductive tract infections among women aged 25 - 54 years in Beijing

To determine the prevalence and determinants of the most commonly seen lower reproductive tract infections among women aged 25 - 54 years in Beijing. The study population consisted of 6339 women aged 25 - 54 years in 137 communities of Beijing. Focus of this study was to understand the prevalence of the following diseases as:bacterial vaginosis, trichomoniasis and vulvovaginal candidiasis. In addition to their prevalence rates, a generalized equation for estimation was used to analyze those infection-associated factors. The overall infection prevalence in the lower reproductive tract was 11.4%, including bacterial vaginitis as 8.7%, trichomonads as 1.0% and vulvovaginal candidiasis as 1.7%. Factors which were found to be significantly associated with lower reproductive tract infections in women were age, profession, family income, number of sex partners and frequency of condom use during sexual contacts. In patients with bacterial vaginitis, both prevalence rates of cervical intraepithelial neoplasia and infection of human papillomavirus were high. The prevalence of the most commonly seen lower reproductive tract infections among women aged 25 - 54 years in Beijing was lower than other areas in China. Lower reproductive tract infections seemed to be related to 30 - 49 years of age, nongovernmental employee, poverty, higher number of sex partners and not using condoms during sexual contacts.

Feasibility of a nested PCR for the diagnosis of vaginal trichomoniasis: study in Al-Madinah Al-Munwarrha, Saudi Arabia

In the present study, three vaginal swabs were collected from 1469 females clinically suspected of having Trichomonas vaginalis (T. v) infection. All samples were screened by both wet mount and Diamond's culture media that was considered as the golden standard in this study. T. vaginalis gene detection by nested PCR using 4 primers targeting the Tv-E650 gene was performed on the preserved vaginal uncultivated samples corresponding to the culture positive vaginal specimens plus 30 randomly selected samples equaled to those obtained negative culture results. The prevalence of T. vaginalis infection among our patients was calculated according to the results of the golden standard culture method to be 1.43% (21 out of 1469). Wet preparation was positive for only 13 samples and missed 8 samples. PCR diagnosed 20 samples and missed one specimen that became positive after 4 days of cultivation. In this study, PCR for trichomonads does not appear to offer a diagnosticadvantage and its sensitivity did not exceed that of culture. Successful culture of T. vaginalisrequires only the multiplication of a single or63ganism, the same as that needed for PCR. Therefore, the present work is highly recommending the use of Diamond's culture in the diagnosis of trichomoniasis in women. Key words: Trichomonas vaginalis, nested PCR, wet mount, diamond's culture, vaginal swabs, Saudi Arabia, Al-Madina Al-Munawarah.

Canaleparolina darwiniensis, gen. nov., sp. nov., and other pillotinaceous spirochetes from insects.

We describe two new pillotinaceous spirochetes (Canaleparolina darwiniensis, Diplocalyx cryptotermitidis) and identify for the first time Hollandina pterotermitidis from both the subterranean termite Cryptotermes cavifrons and the wood-eating cockroach Cryptocercus punctulatus based on morphometric analysis of transmission electron micrographic thin sections. C. darwiniensis, gen. nov., sp. nov., limited to near Darwin, Australia, invariably is present on the surface of the treponeme-studded trichomonad Mixotricha paradoxa, a consistent inhabitant of the hindgut of healthy termite Mastotermes darwiniensis. The spirochete both attached to the surface of protists and free-swimming in the paunch (hindgut) lumen of the insect has 16 periplasmic flagella (16:32:16) and imbricated wall structures that resemble flattened crenulations of Pillotina. The flagella surround half the protoplasmic cylinder. C. darwiniensis is the largest (0.5 microm diameter x 25 microm length) of the three epibiotic bacteria (two spirochetes, one rod) that comprise the complex cortex of its host Mixotricha paradoxa. Several criteria distinguish Diplocalyx cryptotermitidis sp. nov. isolated from Cryptotermes cavifrons intestine: smaller diameter, fewer flagella, absence of inner and outer coats of the outer membrane, wider angle subtended by its flagella and, most notably, cytoplasmic tubule-associated centers, which are periodic electron dense spheres within the protoplasmic cylinder from which emanate cytoplasmic tubules up to 24 nm in diameter. This is also the first report of abundant populations of Hollandina in Cryptotermes cavifrons (those populations belong to the species H. pterotermitidis). Morphometric analysis of the first thin sections of any spirochetes (published nearly 40 years ago by A.V. Grimstone) permits us to identify the large (0.9 microm diameter) free-swimming intestinal symbiont of Cryptocercus punctulatus also as Hollandina pterotermitidis.

Focal vulvitis: A characteristic syndrome and cause of dyspareunia

Abstract Based on the study of 67 affected women during a period of 15 years, we report the clinical features and natural history of focal vulvitis, a unique syndrome characterized by severe and persistent superficial dyspareunia and the presence of one to 11 (median three) minute, exquisitely tender areas of focal inflammation or ulceration on the mucosa of the vestibule. Three fourths of all lesions occur around the Bartholin gland ducts or between them posteriorly. Histopathologic study of tissues from seven patients has not shown a characteristic pattern of inflammation and fails to confirm a reported association between these lesions and the minor vestibular glands. These histologic studies and an in-depth clinical and epidemiologic investigation in nine patients, including microbiologic studies to identify infection by herpes simplex virus, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Staphylococcus aureus , β-hemolytic streptococci, Chlamydia trachomatis , mycoplasmas, Candida sp., trichomonads, or Mycobacterium sp., have not established an infectious etiology for this syndrome or evidence that it represents an unusual form of an autoimmune disease or Behcet's syndrome. Treatment with topical antimicrobial or corticosteroid creams, antibiotics given systemically, or cryotherapy has not been of demonstrable benefit. Approximately one half of patients eventually experience spontaneous remission but many appear to remain symptomatic indefinitely. Surgical excision of the hymenal ring and contiguous mucosa of the vestibule has brought relief and permitted resumption of sexual activity in seven of eight treated patients. While promising, operation should be reserved for patients who have experienced unremitting dyspareunia associated with the characteristic focal inflammatory lesions for at least 6 months.

Trichomonads in resected lung tissue.

Trichomonads in resected lung tissue.

The Numerical Determination of Trichomonas hominis in Urine and its Practical Implications in Genitourinary Parasitism.

Abstract 1.1. It is possible now to determine quantitatively the degree of urinary trichomoniasis by the use of the hemocytometer. The flagellates are counted as are cells in spinal fluid and the number per cubic millimeter of the sample examined is thus obtained. When the protozoan is too motile for accurate enumeration, two drops either of 0.25 per cent formalin or of 1 per cent formalin are added to 5 c.c. of the material. Centrifugalization without apparent injury to the trichomonads is possible, especially if formalin is used as indicated prior to this procedure. 2.2. The application of this method in vaginal trichomoniasis, as well as a modification of it outlined in the text for the numerical determination of these organisms in prostatic secretion, has been suggested. 3.3. The clinical significance of this procedure rests in the ability to estimate quantitatively the extent of infestation, its progression or decline, and the efficacy of therapy. 4.4. There is nothing in the morphologic and biologic characteristics of other flagellates, amebae and ciliates, if and when so encountered, that would prevent a satisfactory application of this method. 5.5. The great dilution of formalin which appears to be toxic to trichomonads suggests its possible use in therapy, both in the urinary and digestive tracts.

The Viability of Trichomonad Flagellates in Milk

The Viability of Trichomonad Flagellates in Milk

Trichomonads from the Mouth of the Dog

Trichomonads from the Mouth of the Dog