Tribocorrosion Mechanism Research Articles

Influence of deep-sea hydrostatic pressure on the tribocorrosion behavior and mechanism of La2O3–TiB2–Ni coating

To understand the tribocorrosion mechanism of TiB2–Ni coating doped with La2O3 in the deep ocean, the wear and corrosion test of La2O3–TiB2–Ni under various hydrostatic pressures was conducted and discussed in 3.5 wt % NaCl solution. The results indicate that the tribocorrosion mechanism of the La2O3–TiB2–Ni coating transitions from abrasive wear with corrosion under 0.1 MPa to abrasive wear with corrosion and adhesive wear under high hydrostatic pressure. The La2O3–TiB2–Ni coating shows significant enhancements in wear resistance and anti-friction properties compared to the TiB2–Ni coating. As the hydrostatic pressure increases from 0.1 MPa to 30 MPa, the self-corrosion current density experiences an approximate increase of 43.6 μA/cm2.

Insight into the tribocorrosion of AA7050 friction stir welding joint

Friction stir welding (FSW) induces significant microstructural modifications in AA7050, involving the dynamic recrystallization in the weld nugget zone (WNZ) and coarsening of intermetallic particles (IMPs) in the heat-affected zone (HAZ). Accounting for the enhanced Volta potential and nano-hardness, the coarse IMPs in HAZ contribute to anodic attack and initiation of wear cracks, thereby facilitating tribocorrosion damage. The multiple galvanic corrosion represented by nano-precipitate MgZn2 vs. Al-matrix, coupled with the absence of the ball-bearing effect originated from IMPs, contribute to the inferior tribocorrosion performance of WNZ. This research offers valuable references into the tribocorrosion mechanism of FSW aluminium alloy joints.

The tribocorrosion behavior of the (AlCoCrFeNi)x/(WC–10Co)1-x composite coatings produced via high velocity oxy-fuel thermal spraying

The (AlCoCrFeNi)x/(WC–10Co)1-x, (x = 100 wt%(HW1), 75 wt%(HW2), 50 wt% (HW3)) composite coatings are fabricated on 3Cr13 martensite stainless steel using high velocity oxy-fuel (HVOF) spraying technology, and the tribocorrosion experiment is carried out in artificial seawater. The tribocorrosion mechanism of the coatings and counterbody are analyzed. Particularly, the synergistic effect of corrosion and wear is explored using the ASTMG119. The introduction of WC-10Co improve the microhardness of the composite coatings, but decrease their corrosion resistance, which are due to the galvanic corrosion of the WC-10Co and HEA. Notably, the results of synergistic effect show that the corrosion of the HW1 coating has an inhibitory effect on wear. The volume loss of tribocorrosion increase with the introduction of WC-10Co, with the HW3 coating experiencing a volume loss of only 46 % compared to that of 3Cr13. The HW1 coating mainly suffers from abrasive wear, surface fatigue wear and adhesive wear. The main wear mechanism of the HW2 and HW3 coatings are abrasive wear, while the fatigue wear is enhanced with the participation of WC-10Co. And the counterbody of the three coatings mainly suffers abrasive wear.

Tribocorrosion behavior of TC18 titanium alloy: A discussion about the interaction between galvanic corrosion and wear

Titanium and aluminum couplings are susceptible to both corrosion and wear during their service life. When the passive film on the titanium surface is worn off, the galvanic effect will affect the corrosion-wear interaction, and tribocorrosion mechanism is altered accordingly. A combination of electrochemical techniques (Potentiostatic and Potentiodynamic Polarization), characterization of wear scar morphology (Scanning Electron Microscope, SEM and a 3D profilometer), and analysis of wear debris composition (Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy, SERS) were employed to clarify the tribocorrosion mechanism. The results show that the wear effect is predominant for the tribocorrosion of TC18 titanium alloy, and the corrosion-induced wear increment mainly comes from the ploughing effect of regenerated passive film. When the titanium alloy is coupled with aluminum, the corrosion acceleration is weak, while the cathodic reaction increases due to the negative shift of the corrosion potential. This results in the regenerated passive film containing a higher proportion of easily sheared low-valent titanium oxides and titanium hydrides, promoting the wear rate.

Tribocorrosion of TiC-based composites incorporating Ni and Co binders in saline solutions

Metallic binders impart necessary toughness to ceramic-metal composites, yet are vulnerable to corrosion and wear. Thus far, the tribocorrosion mechanism remains little understood, obstructing the design of durable composites for ocean drilling applications. Against this backdrop, we selected the TiC-based composites encompassing the Ni and Co binders having different standard electrode potentials as model systems, and studied their tribocorrosion behaviors with the aid of microscopic characterizations and first-principles calculations. Results showed that the TiC-Ni system maintained lower corrosion current densities at the pure corrosion condition, due to the reduced tendency of galvanic corrosion. Such system also realized lower coefficient of friction (COF) and wear losses at the pure wear condition, benefiting from the reduced adhesion at the sliding interfaces as well as the improved composite fracture toughness. Under corrosion-wear interactions, however, the TiC-Co system revealed alleviated material losses, as the rapid build-up of oxide tribolayers enhanced the surface hardness and facilitated the transfer layer formation. Thus, contrary to the intuition that corrosion-resistant binders should be beneficial to the tribocorrosion resistance, the current work highlighted the binder's ability to generate surface layers that helped to resist corrosion-accelerated wear, a point that needs to be emphasized in future development of robust composite materials.

Microstructure, mechanical properties and tribocorrosion characteristics of (Mo1-xCrx)5Si3 alloys

(Mo1-xCrx)5Si3 alloys were prepared by vacuum arc melting technique. The microstructure and mechanical properties of (Mo1-xCrx)5Si3 alloys were characterized using a scanning electron microscope (SEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD) and nano-indentation tests. The tribocorrosion characteristics of the alloys were investigated using a tribocorrosion tester in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution. The results revealed that the thermal expansion anisotropy ((CTE(c)/CTE(a))) of the (Mo1-xCrx)5Si3 alloys decreased from 2.25 to 1.45 with increasing Cr content. The Cr-alloyed (Mo1-xCrx)5Si3 alloys exhibited a high hardness, and their fracture toughness, ratios of H3/E2 and H/E were improved. (Mo1-xCrx)5Si3 alloys showed a strong wear-corrosion combined effect, and an opposite trend between friction coefficient and OCP values was observed during the tribocorrosion tests. The tribocorrosion resistances of (Mo1-xCrx)5Si3 alloys were better than that of 0Cr18Ni9 stainless steel due to the formation of Cr2O3-MoO3-SiOx protective films. The (Mo0.8Cr0.2)5Si3 alloy exhibited the best tribocorrosion characteristics with a low friction coefficient and wear rate. For the 0Cr18Ni9 and Mo5Si3 alloy, pure wear (Vw) was dominant, nevertheless, corrosion-induced wear (Vcw) was the main tribocorrosion mechanism of (Mo0.8Cr0.2)5Si3 alloy.

Synergistic behaviors of tribocorrosion and electrochemical performance of in situ laser deposited CaTixOy–Ti coatings by DFT calculation

CaTixOy–Ti coatings were in–situ grew on Ti6Al4V alloy by laser direct energy deposition. The synergistic behaviors of tribocorrosion and electrochemical performance of CaTixOy–Ti coatings in 0.9% NaCl solution were investigated using a ball–on–disc wear tester and electrochemical workstation, respectively, and the corrosion mechanism was discussed by the density functional theory calculation. The results show that the average coefficients of friction and wear rates of CaTixOy–Ti coatings are increased with the laser power, and the tribocorrosion mechanism is dominated by abrasive wear, accompanied with adhesive wear. The polarization resistance Rp and charge transfer resistance Rct of CaTixOy–Ti1200 W coating are the highest among the kinds of CaTixOy–Ti coatings, which is contributed to the valence state of Ti in the CaTixOy compounds.

A preliminary experimental investigation on the biotribocorrosion of a metal-on-polyethylene hip prosthesis in a hip simulator

Corrosion at the taper/trunnion interface of total hip replacement (THR) often results in severe complications. However, the underlying mechanisms of biotribocorrosion at the taper/trunnion interface during the long-term walking gait cycles remain to be fully understood. In this study, a hip joint simulator was therefore instrumented with an electrochemical cell for in-situ monitoring of the tribocorrosion evolution in a metal-on-polyethylene (MoP) THR during a typical long-term walking gait. In addition, the biotribocorrosion mechanism was investigated via surface and chemical characterizations. The experimental results confirmed that the taper/trunnion interface dominated the contemporary MoP hip joint corrosion. Three cyclic variations in the open circuit potential (OCP) were observed throughout the long-term electrochemical measurements, attributed to the formation and disruption of the adsorbed protein layer. The corrosion exhibited an initial increase at each period, peaking at approximately 0.125 million cycles, followed by a subsequent gradual reduction. Surface and chemical analyses revealed the formation of a tribochemical reaction layer (tribolayer) on the worn surface of the taper/trunnion interface. The surface/chemical characterizations and the electrochemical measurements indicated that the adhesion force of the adsorbed protein layer was weaker than that of the tribolayer. In contrast, the opposite was true for the corrosion resistance. Based on the observations from this study, the tribocorrosion mechanism of the taper/trunnion interface under the long-term walking gait cycles is deduced.

Accelerated deterioration mechanism of 316L stainless steel in NaCl solution under the intermittent tribocorrosion process

In this research, the tribocorrosion behavior of 316L stainless steel in simulated seawater was investigated under continuous and intermittent sliding at open circuit potential. The tribocorrosion mechanism was discussed in terms of wear morphologies, mechanical property as well as chemical composition. Meanwhile, microstructure evolution inside the wear track and open circuit potential recorded after sliding were analyzed to quantify the repassivation kinetics and evaluate the impact of the regenerated passive film on wear. The results showed that the wear rate increased under intermittent sliding when the pause time is long enough to repassivate after sliding. Repeated sliding promoted the refinement of the grain inside the sliding area, which was beneficial to the generation of the thicker and more compact passive film inside the wear track. The ruptured passive film often acted as abrasives during subsequent sliding. Therefore, the accelerated material loss under intermittent sliding was attributed to the periodic mechanical removal of the thickened passive film and the enhanced abrasive wear inside the wear track.

Microstructure, mechanical properties and tribo-corrosion mechanism of (CrNbTiAlVMo)xN1−x coated 316 L stainless steel in 3.5 wt% NaCl solution

(CrNbTiAlVMo)xN1−x coatings were deposited on 316 L steel by sputtering method. The structure, mechanical and tribo-corrosion performances of the coating were studied. The results show that all coatings exhibit single FCC structure. With the increase of Mo content, the surface particle size increases, and the orientation changes from (111) to (200). The maximum hardness reaches 44.3 GPa and the corresponding elastic modulus is 405 GPa. Tribo-corrosion test show that the coatings exhibit better resistance to tribo-corrosion than 316 L steel. The coating with 8 at% Mo content has the lowest static current density (7.49 ×10−9 A/cm2) and dynamic current density (9.33 ×10−8 A/cm2), while the coating with 32 at% Mo content shows the smallest wear volume. The related synergistic mechanism of tribo-corrosion was discussed.

Tailoring the microstructure, mechanical and tribocorrosion performance of (CrNbTiAlV)N high-entropy nitride films by controlling nitrogen flow

• The (CrNbTiAlV)N x high-entropy nitride films were fabricated by magnetron sputtering. • The films transformed from amorphous to nanocrystalline structures with the increment of nitrogen. • The tribocorrosion mechanism of the high-entropy nitride films was discussed. • The film deposited at nitrogen flow of 38 sccm exhibits the best comprehensive mechanical and tribocorrosion performance. The (CrNbTiAlV)N x high-entropy nitride films were fabricated by adjusting nitrogen flow via magnetron sputtering. The microstructure, mechanical, electrochemical and tribocorrosion performances of the films were studied. The results show that the films transform from amorphous to nanocrystalline structure as nitrogen flow increased. The nanocrystalline films show super hardness (> 40 GPa) and adhesion strength (> 50 N). The amorphous film has a pretty anti-corrosion in static corrosion, while not in tribocorrosion condition. The film deposited at nitrogen flow of 38 sccm exhibits the optimal tribocorrosion performance in artificial seawater, with the highest open circuit potential (∼ − 0.1 V vs. Ag/AgCl), the lowest friction coefficient (∼ 0.162) and wear rate (∼ 7.48 × 10 −7 mm 3 N − 1 m − 1 ).

The Effect of Protein Structure and Concentration on Tribocorrosion and Film Formation on CoCrMo Alloys

The formation of tribochemical reaction layers, better known as tribofilms, on cobalt-chromium-molybdenum (CoCrMo) alloys commonly used in orthopaedic applications has been hypothesized to reduce degradation owing to wear and corrosion. However, the mechanisms and pathways influencing tribofilm formation remain largely unknown. This study aims to develop a clearer understanding of the role of protein structures and its concentration on tribocorrosion and surface tribofilms formed on CoCrMo alloys during boundary regime sliding. A reciprocating tribometer with a three-electrode electrochemical cell was employed to simulate and monitor the tribocorrosion of CoCrMo in situ. As-received Foetal Bovine Serum (as-FBS) and pre-heated FBS at 70 °C for 1 h (de-FBS) were diluted with saline (0.9% NaCl) at different concentrations (25% and 75% v/v) and utilized as electrolytes during the tribocorrosion tests. The result shows that the denatured protein structure in electrolyte tends to reduce the volume losses due to wear and corrosion on the CoCrMo samples with an appreciation of the protein tribofilms. On the other hand, an increased protein concentration increased the total volume loss due to corrosive processes. A novel finding revealed in this study is that the tribocorrosion mechanism of the CoCrMo surface is dependent on the protein structure, concentration and sliding duration due to the change in surface condition.

Evolution in microstructure, wear, corrosion, and tribocorrosion behavior of Mo-containing high-entropy alloy coatings fabricated by laser cladding

The exploration of non-equimolar high-entropy alloy coating provides a broader space for the development of high-performance coatings. In this work, the microstructure, hardness, wear, corrosion, and tribocorrosion of CoCr2FeNiMox (x = 0, 0.1, 0.2, 0.3, 0.4) coatings fabricated by laser cladding were investigated. The results showed that Mo addition significantly increased the hardness and wear resistance. CoCr2FeNiMo0.3 coating exhibited excellent performance during the synergistic effect of corrosion and wear in acidic 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution. The tribocorrosion mechanism of the Mo-containing coating was a combination of abrasion, adhesion wear, and corrosion.

The tribocorrosion mechanism of aluminum alloy 7075-T6 in the deep ocean

To understand the tribocorrosion behavior and mechanism in the deep ocean, the wear behavior of 7075-T6 aluminum alloy in 3.5 wt. % NaCl solution under the hydrostatic pressure of 0.1 MPa-30 MPa was investigated. The wear and corrosion mechanism of the aluminum alloy under different hydrostatic pressure were discussed, and its tribocorroison model was presented. Results show that mechanics, chemistry and electrochemistry interact with each other and accelerate the tribocorrosion process under the effect of high hydrostatic pressure. And the corrosion accelerates wear is the main failure factor of the aluminum alloy under a high hydrostatic pressure.

Influence of carbon content on the structure and tribocorrosion properties of TiAlCN/TiAlN/TiAl multilayer composite coatings

To improve the tribocorrosion performance of protective coatings in a real running environment under the synergistic action of friction and corrosion, the development of advanced coatings with excellent properties and research on the tribocorrosion mechanism are important. Based on the design principle of functional gradients/multilayers, TiAlCN/TiAlN/TiAl multilayer composite coatings were prepared by the filter cathodic vacuum arc (FCVA) technique. The effects of carbon contents on the structure, friction, corrosion and tribocorrosion properties were studied. With increasing carbon content, the composite structure of crystalline TiAlCN/amorphous carbon significantly improves the corrosion and wear resistance of the coatings. The TiAlCN/TiAlN/TiAl coating with the highest carbon content of 22.1 at.% has the best resistance to corrosion and wear but shows the worst tribocorrosion resistance under the synergistic action of friction and corrosion. The TiAlCN/TiAlN/TiAl coating with a carbon content of 12.4 at.% exhibits the best tribocorrosion resistance with the minimum values of the cathodic shift of open circuit potential (ΔOCP), coefficient of friction(COF) and wear rate. The results indicate that an overall optimized TiAlCN/TiAlN/TiAl multilayer composite coating with appropriate amounts of amorphous carbon phase and the strongest crystallized form of TiAlCN has excellent performance in terms of ultrahigh hardness (44.36 GPa), high H/E, the dense structure and stable passivation layer to achieve good tribocorrosion resistance.

Microstructure and tribocorrosion properties of NiTi/AlNi2Ti ternary intermetallic alloy

NiTi/AlNi2Ti intermetallic alloy consisting of AlNi2Ti primary dendrites and NiTi interdendritic phase was fabricated by arc melting process. Tribocorrosion behaviors of the alloy in 0.5 mol/L H2SO4 solutions were characterized using tribocorrosion tests and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS). Corrosion-wear synergistic effect and tribocorrosion mechanism were also discussed. The tribocorrosion test results showed that the open circuit potential (OCP) of NiTi/AlNi2Ti alloy decreases and the corrosion current density increases as the sliding starts, and the decrease in the OCP value is proportional to the increase in the frictional force, indicating a strong corrosion-wear synergistic effect. The NiTi/AlNi2Ti alloy has better tribocorrosion resistance than the 0Cr18Ni9 material in 0.5 mol/L H2SO4 solution with a high OCP, low corrosion current and low wear volume. The wear volume of NiTi/AlNi2Ti alloy is about 10 times lower than that of reference material 0Cr18Ni9. The calculation results of materials loss (ΔV) during tribocorrosion test indicated that corrosion accelerated wear (Vcw) was the main corrosion-wear synergistic mechanism.

Effects of Normal Force on the Tribocorrosion Behavior of a Nickel-Based Superalloy in Alkaline Solution: An Electrochemical Study.

The tribocorrosion behavior of Inconel 690TT in NaOH (pH = 9.8) solution at different normal forces was investigated by an electrochemical method. The results indicated that normal force had a great effect on the tribocorrosion behavior and mechanism. When normal force increased from 15 to 30 N, fretting regime was in gross slip regime (GSR), and wear volume gradually increased. When normal force further increased to 45 N, wear volume significantly decreased due to the fretting regime changing from GSR to partial slip regime (PSR). When fretting ran in GSR, the corrosion resistance decreased with the negative shift of open circuit potential (OCP). However, when the fretting regime changed to PSR, the corrosion reaction significantly decreased due to the adhesive wear. Fretting wear broke the passive film at the contacting surface, which caused the worn surface to be more active and prone to corrosion. However, the broken passive film was quickly repaired in subsequent oxidation. The break and repair of passive film strongly depended on normal force. In GSR, the increase in normal force aggravated the break of passive film. In PSR, the passive film was not easy to break with a further increase of normal force.

Tribocorrosion Measurements and Behaviour in Aluminium Alloys: An Overview

Tribocorrosion is a research field that combines tribological and corrosion studies. It involves studying the combined effects of wear and corrosion. Tribocorrosion has been found to contribute significantly to material degradation and could lead to failure of materials and high cost of maintenance and replacements. It has become a wide area of interests to researchers due to its economic importance on the durability and life of engineering materials. Several techniques involved in the evaluation of tribocorrosion behaviour of materials have been examined in this review. The combinations of various electrochemical methods for evaluating tribocorrosion behaviour are among the current knowledge acquired in the tribocorrosion field. A brief insight into the tribocorrosion testing standards made by researchers is also provided. This work further reviewed available literature concerning the development in the research of tribocorrosion characteristics of aluminium alloys by categorizing the tribocorrosion mechanism as influenced by various parameters. The review shows that there is significant interaction of corrosion and wear in aluminium alloys. Research gaps in the tribocorrosion study of aluminium alloys are also identified.

Improvement in the tribocorrosion performance of CrCN coating by multilayered design for marine protective application

Steel structures significantly degrades owing to tribology and corrosion in aggressive marine environment and is unavoidable. Chromium nitride (CrN) based coatings material has aroused great interest as one of the most promising protective system in the marine equipment or its components. In the present study, we provided insights for the tribocorrosion mechanism of CrN and CrCN monolayers as well as CrN/CrCN multilayered coatings deposited on steel substrates via a multi-arc ion method. Field emission scanning electron microscopy (FESEM) and transmission electron microscope (TEM) revealed that the design of multilayer structure could interrupt the continuous growth of columnar crystals and making the coating denser. Furthermore, Raman spectroscopy and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) results confirmed the CrN/CrCN multilayered coating presented a high content of graphite-like phase and hard Cr-C compounds, which might play a key role enhancing lubrication and hardness. In particular, tribocorrosion tests in artificial seawater showed that the as-deposited CrN/CrCN multilayered coating could demonstrate significant improvement of tribocorrosion resistance compared to the CrN and CrCN monolayers coatings. The corresponded mechanisms were discussed in term of the coatings microstructure and tribocorrosion behaviors.

Microstructure and Tribocorrosion Behavior of Al2O3/Al Composite Coatings: Role of Al2O3 Addition

Pure Al coating and Al2O3 particles reinforced Al composite coatings were prepared by arc-spraying. The feedstocks were pure Al wires and Al-based cored wires containing 10, 20, 30 vol.% Al2O3, respectively. The evolutions of microstructure, porosity and microhardness of the coatings with different Al2O3 contents were investigated. Microstructural analysis shows that the addition of Al2O3 particles improves density and decreases the porosity of the coating. The average hardness of the composite coatings varies from 39 to 416.5 HV0.1 as Al2O3 content increases from 0 to 30 vol.%. However, the microhardness of the Al matrix in the coatings increases first and then decreases as a function of Al2O3 contents. The tribocorrosion tests were performed under potentiodynamic polarization conditions in 3.5 wt.% NaCl solution. The cathodic shift of open circuit potential and the increase in current density are induced by sliding wear. Compared with pure Al coating, the Al2O3 particles reinforced composite coatings display a lower wear rate and coefficient of friction. The Al-20 vol.%Al2O3 composite coating shows superior resistance to tribocorrosion. The tribocorrosion mechanism of the composite coatings is delamination coupling of corrosion wear.