Triazole Nucleosides Research Articles

Adsorption mechanism of 3-(1,4-disubstituted-1,2,3-triazolyl) uridine nucleosides against the corrosion of mild steel in HCl

To date, the corrosion of metal surfaces is one of challenging problems in the modern business (technology and industrial applications). So, corrosion control of metal at different stage of application is necessary. To avoid this problem, organic and inorganic corrosion inhibitors are widely used. For this purpose, the present study deals with the corrosion inhibition assessment of novel uridine- (Murmu et al., 2020; Dehghani et al., 2020; Li et al., 2020) [1,2,3]triazole nucleosides as green corrosion inhibitors, namely 2-(acetoxymethyl)-6-(4-((3-(3,4-diacetoxy-5-(acetoxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-2,6-dioxo-3,6-dihydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)methyl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-1-yl)tetrahydro-2H-pyran-3,4,5-triyl triacetate (TPTAc) and 2-(acetoxymethyl)-5-(3-((1-(3,4-diacetoxy-5-(acetoxymethyl)tetrahydrofuran-2-yl)-1H-1,2,3-triazol-4-yl)methyl)-2,4-dioxo-3,4-dihydropyrimidin-1(2H)-yl)tetrahydrofuran-3,4-diyl diacetate (TPDAc). After synthesis and characterization procedure, the corrosion inhibition performances of these compounds against the corrosion of mild steel (MS) are studied using both experimental and theoretical exploration. The effect and inhibition action of these inhibitors on the electrochemical behavior of MS corrosion was evaluated experimentally via electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS), potentiodynamic polarization (PDP), and weight loss techniques. In addition, theoretical calculations are made to analyze adsorption properties and characteristics of synthesized molecules on MS surface. The results obtained from all electrochemical experiments confirmed that the inhibitors understudy exhibited high inhibition performances thanks to their adsorption capacity on MS surface. EIS data indicated that TPTAc is quite effective at 5 × 10−3 M than TPDAc at the same concentration. PDP results revealed that the studied molecules acted as mixed-type inhibitors and they had a strong influence on the protective layer formed. The corrosion rate (CR) values considerably fall down from 1.135 mg cm−2 h−1 to 0.090 and 0.158 mg cm−2 h−1 at 5 × 10−3 M of TPTAC and TPDAc, respectively. Moreover, the effect of KI ions was also evaluated, and the results suggest that the presence of iodide ions has significantly improved the inhibition performances (97% for TPTAc and 90% for TPDAc at 5 × 10−3 M). Also, the calculated values of Gibb's free energy ( ΔGads0) are −33.61 kJ/mol and −34.33 kJ/mol for TPTAC and TPDAc, respectively; lying between −21 and −40 kJ/mol, confirming both physisorption as well as chemisorption interactions. In addition, results indicated that the inhibition intensity of studied compounds was expected to happen by means of adsorption over the MS surface which obeys the Langmuir's adsorption isotherm. The surface characterizations confirmed previous findings and contributed additional evidence on the morphological changes of MS surface during corrosion. The anti-corrosive and adsorption properties of studied compounds were detailed by DFT and molecular dynamics (MD) simulations. The results of theoretical calculations demonstrate strong and consistent agreement with experimental outcomes.

Novel triazole nucleoside analogues promote anticancer activity via both apoptosis and autophagy.

Novel nucleoside derivatives were developed using the strategy of "terminal N,N-dimethylation" to impart tertiary amines to a 1,2,4-triazole nucleoside. The obtained lead compounds displayed significantly improved anticancer activity with dual mechanisms of cell death via apoptosis and autophagy, offering a fresh perspective to searching for new anticancer candidates.

Synthesis, Molecular Modeling, and Antiviral Activity of Novel Triazole Nucleosides and Their Analogs

Two new pharmacophoric models incorporating 1,2,3-triazole glycosides have been synthesized in good yields via 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition reaction based on the click strategy. Copper catalyzed click dipolar cycloaddition of the acetylenic centers with azido compounds leads to the targeted compounds. Docking of the designed structures into Influenza virus neuraminidase (NA) active site is studied. Three molecular structures exhibit good fitting inside the binding site of the protein molecule. Antiviral activity against H5N1 avian influenza virus strain A/Egypt/M7217B/2013 is tested, and a number of compounds demonstrate high inhibition activity.

Concise synthesis and antibacterial evaluation of novel 3-(1,4-disubstituted-1,2,3-triazolyl)uridine nucleosides.

We report herein a simple and efficient synthesis of a new series of antibacterial uridine nucleosides. The strategy involved a sequential silylation/N-glycosylation/N-propargylation procedure of uracil 1 for preparing the dipolarophile 5 in good yield. A series of novel uridine-[1,2,3]triazole nucleosides 6a-j were efficiently synthesized via the copper-catalyzed azide-alkyne cycloaddition (CuAAC) from dipolarophile 5 with different selected azides. The reactions were carried out under both conventional and ultrasonic irradiation conditions. In general, improvements were observed when reactions were carried out under sonication. Their antibacterial potential has been evaluated by means of a micro-dilution assay against either Gram-positive or Gram-negative bacteria. Compounds 6i and 6j have shown significant bactericidal activity against Staphylococcus aureus (MIC = 10 and 6 μM, respectively), and 6h against Escherichia coli (MIC = 8 μM). Moreover, antibacterial kinetic assays showed that 6i and 6j significantly reduced the S. aureus growth rate at the MIC concentration, after 6 h, compared to their deprotected analogs, 6k and 6l, respectively. Compound 6h also significantly reduced the growth of E. coli. These antibacterial effects may be related to the penetrating properties of these compounds, as revealed by the leakage of nucleic acids from the sensitive strains.

Syntheses of 1,2,3-triazole-bridged pyranose sugars with purine and pyrimidine nucleobases and evaluation of their anticancer potential

ABSTRACTWith the aim to create a library of compounds with potential bioactivities by combining special characteristics of two important groups such as nucleobases and carbohydrates, twenty 1,4-disubstituted-triazole nucleosides were synthesized in good yields (80-94%) using the copper catalyzed ‘Click’ reaction between azido-modified pento- or hexopyranoses and alkyne-bearing pyrimidine or purine nucleobases. Structural elucidation was made with the assistance of spectroscopic techniques such as FTIR, 1D-, 2D-NMR, and ESI-TOFMS. All the synthesized triazole nucleosides were evaluated for their cytotoxic activity against three human cancer cell lines (MDA-MB-231, Hep3B, PC-3) by using the MTT assay. Particularly, compounds 3a and 1b were identified as potential hits against Hep3B cell.

Functionalization of 2H-1,2,3-Triazole C-Nucleoside Template via N(2) Selective Arylation.

C-Nucleosides are an underexplored and important class of nucleosides with antiviral and anticancer activity. In addition, triazole heterocycles are well employed as a strategy to modify nucleobase in nucleoside analogues, although rare examples were described for triazoyl C-nucleosides. N(2)-Aryl-1,2,3-triazole C-nucleoside compounds that could be obtained by selective 1,2,3-triazole heterocycle N(2) arylation in 1-β-d-ribofuranosyl-2H-1,2,3-triazole substrate were designed in this study. The optimized condition used AdBrettPhos/[PdCl(allyl)]2 as the catalyst system. This transformation was accomplished by aryl halides bearing an electron donor and withdrawing groups, as well as by heterocyclic halides in good to excellent yields. The transformation developed in this study represents a significant contribution to the nucleoside field, once it allows for the synthesis of unexplored scaffolds through selective functionalization of triazole nucleosides.

Synthesis and Bioactivity of Novel Trisubstituted Triazole Nucleosides

ABSTRACTA series of novel trisubstituted 1,2,3-triazole purine nucleosides were efficiently synthesized via Huisgen 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition in good yields. Bioactivity against cytomegalovirus (CMV) and varicella-zoster virus (VZV) in human embryonic lung cell cultures was evaluated and all compounds show low antiviral activity.

Synthesis of modified triazole nucleosides possessing one or two base moieties via a click chemistry approach

Copper-catalyzed 1,3-dipolar cycloaddition of propargyl and azidoethyl thymine and adenine derivatives afforded triazole nucleosides bearing one or two base moieties. A catalytic role of the adenine nucleus was observed and is explained through copper-adenine coordination in the intermediate copper acetylide–azide complex. The antioxidant activity of the obtained cycloadducts was tested.

ChemInform Abstract: Triazole Nucleoside Derivatives Bearing Aryl Functionalities on the Nucleobases Show Antiviral and Anticancer Activity

AbstractReview: 91 refs.

Bitriazolyl acyclonucleosides synthesized via Huisgen reaction using internal alkynes show antiviral activity against tobacco mosaic virus

A family of novel bitriazolyl acyclonucleosides were synthesized using a simple and convenient one-step synthetic procedure via the Huisgen reaction by addition of NaN3 onto triazole nucleosides bearing internal alkynyl groups introduced at the 5-position of the triazole ring. Some of the compounds exhibited interesting antiviral activity against tobacco mosaic virus, demonstrating the importance of the bitriazolyl motif for the observed antiviral activity.

Triazole Nucleoside Derivatives Bearing Aryl Functionalities on the Nucleobases Show Antiviral and Anticancer Activity

Synthetic nucleoside mimics are important candidates in the searing for antiviral and anticancer drugs. Ribavirin, the first antiviral nucleoside drug, is unique in its antiviral activity with mutilple modes of action, which are mainly due to its special triazole heterocycle as nucleobase. Additionally, introducing aromatic functionalities to the nucleobase is able to confer novel mechanisms of action for nucleoside mimics. With the aim to combine the special characteristics of unnatural triazole heterocycles with those of the appended aromatic groups on the nucleobases, novel 1,2,4-triazole nucleoside analogs bearing aromatic moieties were designed and developed. The present short review summarizes the molecular design, chemical synthesis and biological activity of these triazole nucleoside analogs. Indeed, the discovery of antiviral and anticancer activities shown by these triazole nucleosides as well as the new mechanism underlying the biological activity by one of the anticancer leads has validated the rationale for molecular design and impacted us to further explore the concept with the aim of developing structurally novel nucleoside drug candidates with new modes of action.

S-Aryltriazole acyclonucleosides: Synthesis and biological evaluation against hepatitis C virus

Novel S-aryltriazole acyclonucleosides were designed as structural analogs based on the previously identified antiviral aryltriazole acyclonucleosides in our laboratories. These S-aryltriazole nucleosides were synthesized in excellent yields via SNAr-mediated S-arylation, followed by subsequent ammonolysis. X-ray structural analysis revealed special structural feature brought by the S-linkage, which may represent an unfavorable factor contributing to the lack of anti-HCV activity for this family of triazole nucleosides.

Arylethynyltriazole acyclonucleosides inhibit hepatitis C virus replication

Novel acyclic triazole nucleosides with various ethynyl moieties appended on the triazole nucleobase were synthesized efficiently using a convenient one-step Sonogashira reaction in aqueous solution and under microwave irradiation. One of the compounds, 1f, inhibited HCV subgenomic replication with a 50% effective concentration (EC 50) of 22 μg/ml and did not inhibit proliferation of the host cell at a concentration of 50 μg/ml. A preliminary SAR study suggests that the appended phenyl ring as well as the rigid triple bond linker contributes importantly to the anti-HCV activity.

Synthesis and Biological Evaluation of 5′‐Triazole Nucleosides

AbstractThe first series of 5′‐triazole cytidines 1a‐d and adenosines 2a‐c was prepared and evaluated for inhibitory potency toward α‐2,3‐sialyltransferase. The synthesis of target compounds was achieved by converting the 5′‐alcohol of protected nucleosides to the azide derivatives, which were then coupled with the alkynes by copper(I)‐catalyzed cycloaddition to give protected 5′‐triazole nucleosides 3a‐d/7a‐c, followed by deprotection. 5′‐Triazole adenosines 2a‐c were less efficient inhibitors of α‐2,3‐sialyltransferase than their cytidine analogues 1a‐d. 1d was the most active compound with an IC50 of 37.5 μM. These results suggested that the hydrophobic functionality and the cytidine group are clearly required for the improved binding.

Synthesis of 5-aryltriazole ribonucleosides via Suzuki coupling and promoted by microwave irradiation

Aryltriazole nucleosides with various aromatic groups in the 5-position on the triazole ring were synthesized and characterized with the aim to develop novel triazole nucleosides. The aromatic groups were introduced into the triazole ring via a Suzuki reaction starting with bromotriazole nucleoside. Microwave irradiation significantly promoted the Suzuki coupling, quickly giving clean products with good to excellent yields.

Synthesis of Triazole Nucleoside Derivatives.

AbstractFor Abstract see ChemInform Abstract in Full Text.

Synthesis of Triazole Nucleoside Derivatives

5′-O-Mesyl-2′,3′-O-isopropylidene ribonucleosides (4 and 12) were converted to their 5′-substituted nucleosides in good yields by reacted with NaN3 or KI. 2′,3′-O-Isopropylidene ribonucleosides (3 and 11) were prepared in good yields from ribonucleosides 1 and 2 with a reaction mixture of acetone and triethyl orthoformate instead of using acetone diethyl acetal. Compound 1 or 2 was treated with 2-acetoxyisobutyryl halide (Cl or Br) to give 1-[2-O-acetyl-3-halo-3-deoxy-5-O-(2,5,5-trimethyl-1,3-dioxolan-4-on-2-yl)-β-D-xylofuranosyl]-1,2,4-triazole-3-carboxamide (19, 22, and 23) in high yields. Instead of using 2-acetoxyisobutyryl bromide, the mixture of 2-acetoxyisobutyryl chloride and NaBr was employed in the synthesis of 22 and 23. Treatment of 19 with an activated Zn/Cu couple and deprotection gave 2′,3′-anhydro nucleoside (21), and treatment of 22 and 23 with an activated Zn/Cu couple and a little of HOAc and deprotection gave corresponding 2′,3′-unsaturated triazole nucleosides (24 and 25), respectively. The biological activity of the compounds (7 ∼ 10, 15 ∼ 18, and 24) was examined in human liver cancer cells (A-549), lung cancer cells (BEL-7402), and Flu-A cells. Compound 1. Compound 2.

ChemInform Abstract: Synthesis of Some Isomeric Glycosyl Derivatives of 3‐Mercapto‐1,2,4‐ triazole Nucleosides.

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Inhibition of pyrimidine metabolism in myeloid leukemia cells by triazole and pyrazole nucleosides

Two triazole nucleosides, 1 (3-β-D-ribofuranosyl-l,2,4-triazole-5-carboxamide) and 2 (2-β-D-ribofuranosyl-l,2,3-triazole-4,5-dicarboxamide), and a pyrazole nucleoside, 3 (1-β-D-ribo-furanosylpyrazole-3,4-dicarboxamide), were found to inhibit pyrimidine nucleotide biosynthesis in the human myeloid leukemia cell line, K562. Cells treated with these inhibitors released orotate in quantities of 8–35 nmol/10 5 cells/day. Treatment with these compounds caused the K562 cells to accumulate in the S phase of the cell cycle and induced the cells to synthesize hemoglobin.

Synthesis, structure, and antiparasitic activity of sulfamoyl derivatives of ribavirin

The triazole nucleoside derivatives 1-(5'-O-sulfamoyl-beta-D-ribofuranosyl) [1,2,4]triazole-3-carboxamide (2), 1-(5'-O-sulfamoyl-beta-D-ribofuranosyl) [1,2,4]triazole-3-thiocarboxamide (3), and 1-(5'-O-sulfamoyl-beta-D-ribofuranosyl)-[1,2,4]triazole-3- carbonitrile (4) were synthesized. Suitably protected triazole nucleosides were converted to their corresponding 5'-sulfamoyl derivatives, which on subsequent deprotection gave the desired compounds in good yields. The structures of compounds 2-4 were confirmed by X-ray crystallographic analysis. All three compounds showed significant antiparasitic activity in vitro, while 2 showed significant activity in vivo against Leishmania donovani and Trypanosoma brucei.