Triangular Needle Research Articles

国内外三棱针针具的起源与发展

三棱针作为针灸器材的重要组成部分，从古至今一直沿用。三棱针针具的发展经历了许多不同的阶段，才形成现代临床上使用的三棱针，而且近代国外三棱针的针具亦形成了新的品种。为了规范化三棱针具的生产及临床使用规范，我们国家已经制订了相应的三棱针临床操作规范(国家标准)和行业技术标准。 Triangular needle, as an important part of acupuncture and moxibustion apparatus has been used widely since the beginning of time. Triangular beard needle has experienced a number of different developmental stages to form a modern clinical triangular needle, and modern foreign triangular needle has also formed many new varieties. In order to standardize triangular needle production and clinical using of the specification, our country has formulated the corresponding triangular needle clinical operation specification (national standard) and industry technical standards.

Efficacy of wet cupping in the treatment of postherpetic neuralgia

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of wet cupping in the treatment of postherpetic neuralgia (PHN).Methods One hundred PHN patients were randomized into control group (n=53) (conventional therapies such as anticonvulsants,opioids,superlaser and so on) and wet cupping group (n--47) (wet cupping,on top of conventional therapies.Wet cupping is done first with a triangular needle pricking the skin briefly.Later vacuum tank was immediately placed on the skin so that,air extraction helped to suction the blood out.Wet cupping was administered,twice per week,lasting 4 weeks).Pain intensity was evaluated with visual analogue scale (VAS) before and four week after the treatment.Quality of life was evaluated with SF-36 form (China version),and sleep quality measured by Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) both before the treatment and after the treatment.Results Compared with before treatment [(8.6 ± 1.4),(8.7 ± 1.3)],the pain score in PHN patients decreased after treatment [(4.1 ± 1.5),(2.2±1.3)] in both group (P＜0.05).The rate of pain remission in wet cupping-treated group (74.1±2.3) was higher than that in control group(51.1±2.9) (P＜0.05).The sleep quality was improved for both group,especially for the wet-cupping group(5.8±2.8),compared with control group (8.5±1.2),Quality of life for the physical health have the same trend:wet cupping-treated group (67.9±5.5) compare with control group(55.1±6.0).Conclusions wet cupping can improve the efficacy of pain alleviation on top of conventional therapies in the treatment of PHN. Key words: Postherpetic neuralgia; Wet cupping method

Synthesis and microstructural characterisation of CrSiN thin films deposited on Si(100) substrate

The effect of deposition time, power (Si concentration) and sputtering pressure on the microstructural morphologies and phase compositions of sputter deposited CrSiN the thin films was investigated by filed emission SEM/EDS, AFM and XRD in the present work. The films deposited under an equal proportion of Ar+N2 atmosphere exhibited a (111) preferred orientation of CrSiN films, as evident from XRD results, with increasing deposition time. The crystallite size of the films has increased from 34 to 73 nm with increasing deposition time. It is observed from the field emission SEM results that, with increasing mode of radio frequency power on Si target during the CrSiN deposition, the triangular needle shaped columnar morphology has transformed into a finer columnar morphology. The reduction in crystallite size and surface roughness of the films has occurred with increasing radio frequency power supplied to the Si target as seen from their corresponding AFM images.

Cleft lip: The historical perspective

ABSTRACTThe earliest documented history of cleft lip is based on a combination of religion, superstition, invention and charlatanism. While Greeks ignored their existence, Spartans and Romans would kill these children as they were considered to harbour evil spirits. When saner senses prevailed Fabricius ab Aquapendente (1537–1619) was the first to suggest the embryological basis of these clefts. The knowledge of cleft lip and the surgical correction received a big boost during the period between the Renaissance and the 19th century with the publication of Pierre Franco's Petit Traité and Traité des Hernies in which he described the condition as “lièvre fendu de nativitè” (cleft lip present from birth). The first documented Cleft lip surgery is from China in 390 BC in an 18 year old would be soldier, Wey Young-Chi. Albucasis of Arabia and his fellow surgeons used the cautery instead of the scalpel and Yperman in 1854 recommended scarifying the margins with a scalpel before suturing them with a triangular needle dipped in wax. The repair was reinforced by passing a long needle through the two sides of the lip and fixing the shaft of the needle with a figure-of-eight thread over the lip. Germanicus Mirault can be credited to be the originator of the triangular flap which was later modified by C.W. Tennison in 1952 and Peter Randall in 1959. In the late 50s, Ralph Millard gave us his legendary ‘cut as you go’ technique. The protruding premaxilla of a bilateral cleft lip too has seen many changes throughout the ages OE from being discarded totally to being pushed back by wedge resection of vomer to finally being left to the orthodontists.

Cleft lip: The historical perspective

The earliest documented history of cleft lip is based on a combination of religion, superstition, invention and charlatanism. While Greeks ignored their existence, Spartans and Romans would kill these children as they were considered to harbour evil spirits. When saner senses prevailed Fabricius ab Aquapendente (1537–1619) was the first to suggest the embryological basis of these clefts. The knowledge of cleft lip and the surgical correction received a big boost during the period between the Renaissance and the 19th century with the publication of Pierre Franco's Petit Traité and Traité des Hernies in which he described the condition as “lievré fendu de nativité” (cleft lip present from birth). The first documented Cleft lip surgery is from China in 390 BC in an 18 year old would be soldier, Wey Young-Chi. Albucasis of Arabia and his fellow surgeons used the cautery instead of the scalpel and Yperman in 1854 recommended scarifying the margins with a scalpel before suturing them with a triangular needle dipped in wax. The repair was reinforced by passing a long needle through the two sides of the lip and fixing the shaft of the needle with a figure-of-eight thread over the lip. Germanicus Mirault can be credited to be the originator of the triangular flap which was later modified by C.W. Tennison in 1952 and Peter Randall in 1959. In the late 50s, Ralph Millard gave us his legendary ‘cut as you go’ technique. The protruding premaxilla of a bilateral cleft lip too has seen many changes throughout the ages – from being discarded totally to being pushed back by wedge resection of vomer to finally being left to the orthodontists.

A study to assess the intradermal, triangular needle and bifurcated needle techniques in the administration of BCG to newborns

BCG at birth was administered to 3,297 new born babies in Hong Kong using the intradermal, simple triangular needle and bifurcated needle techniques. Tuberculin testing at 3 months showed similar mean reactions for the intradermal and simple triangular needle methods, namely 9·74 mm and 9·87 mm with 9·94 mm for the triangular needle method when the BCG strength was doubled. Using the bifurcated needle the mean reactions were significantly lower; 8·69 mm, 9·01 mm with double strength BCG and 8·92 mm with puncture through a skin drop. It is concluded that the bifurcated needle is not a satisfactory method of administering BCG to newborns even if the concentration of BCG is increased. In circumstances such as in small maternity units, where the intradermal technique is not warranted, it is recommended that the simple triangular method should be used.

A comparative study of different techniques of giving BCG vaccination to newborn infants in Hong Kong

Following administration of BCG vaccine to newborns by trained inoculators using a simple triangular needle (20 insertions) technique the mean tuberculin reaction was 13·5 mm. at 3 months using 100 TU of PPD tuberculin (Weybridge). When this technique of BCG administration was used by relatively unskilled vaccinators in private maternity homes a mean of 12·2 mm. was recorded. With 5 TU the figures were 6·7 mm. and 6·3 mm. respectively. When the BCG had been administered by the intradermal, percutaneous Heaf multiple puncture and simple triangular needle (40 insertions) techniques there was no significant difference in the mean tuberculin readings (using 100 TU PPD Weybridge), these being 14·7, 14·9 and 14·6 mm. induration respectively. A jet injector (‘Panjet’) gave a significantly lower mean reading of 14·1 mm. With 5 TU the comparative figures were 7·1, 7·4 and 7·2 mm. with 6·8 mm. for the ‘Panjet’. The mean number of effective punctures detected at the vaccination site were 27·0 for the Heaf apparatus, 10·9 for the triangular needle (20 insertions), 18·3 for the triangular needle (40 insertions) and 6·6 (20 insertions — unskilled). For the intradermal with syringe and ‘Panjet’ techniques the mean sizes of vaccination lesion were 4·2 mm. and 3·6 mm. respectively. In circumstances in which the use of the intradermal method seems unjustified, the simple triangular needle technique can give acceptably good results.

ELECTROLYSIS

The destruction of the hair follicle in congenital dystrichiasis and in trichiasis associated with trachoma and other pathologic conditions of the eyelids causing entropion has long been an ophthalmologic problem. Michaels,1an ophthalmologist, in 1869 first introduced the method of inserting a needle heated to white heat into the follicle to destroy it. This was effective but painful and dangerous. In 1875 he perfected and used with success the negative pole electrolysis instrument. In 1878, at one of the first meetings of the American Dermatological Association, Bulkley2suggested the rather barbaric method for treating hypertrichosis of inserting a razor sharp, two-edged needle into the follicle. This was then twisted to destroy the follicle. Often the needle was to be dipped into phenol first. Duhring,3at the same meeting, suggested, perhaps facetiously, a triangular needle for the same purpose. These methods were not popular, and the dermatologists rapidly

A NEW NEEDLE-HOLDER FOR OPHTHALMIC AND OTHER DELICATE SURGERY

In suturing wounds in operations for cataract by the aid of the instrument recently described by me 1 I have been hampered by the lack of an entirely suitable needle-holder. The difficulty has been especially great when I operated on the left eye while standing behind the patient, owing to the hindrance of the latter's nose. A needle-holder that I have recently devised and constructed has greatly facilitated this particular operation and no doubt will be found of great value in many other delicate operations on the eye and in nasal, abdominal and plastic surgery. Although the instrument is exceedingly small at the working end, it holds the needle more firmly in position without danger of breaking it than any other needle-holder known to me. The instrument as at present constructed will hold any flat or triangular needle commonly used in ophthalmic surgery, either straight or curved. For special pur