Triangular Dielectric Resonator Antenna Research Articles

Theoretical analysis of graphene loaded equilateral triangular dielectric resonator antenna

Theoretical analysis of graphene loaded equilateral triangular dielectric resonator antenna

Manipulating the radiation pattern of equilateral triangular dielectric resonator antenna using asymmetric grooves

A new method to manipulate the radiation pattern of a triangular dielectric resonator antenna is proposed here. By engraving asymmetric grooves in the antenna walls, the intensity of electric fields on its walls is adjusted, which, if properly done, leads to an increase in the directivity of the antenna. Then, the possibility of rotating the radiation pattern by creating asymmetric grooves in the antenna wall is investigated. It is proved that by adjusting the ratio of the amplitude of equivalent magnetic currents on the antenna walls, rotation can be created in the main beam of the antenna pattern. The simulation results are validated by measuring the reflection coefficient, radiation patterns, and gain of the DRA. The measured results confirm that the antenna operates from 3.1 to 3.8 GHz and the maximum gain is 9.2 dBi.

Investigation and Development of 3D Printed Conventional Shape Compact UWB-DRAs for Societal Applications

The potential of polylactic acid (PLA) material as an ultra-wide band (UWB)-dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) created by 3D-printing technique are described in this scientific paper. PLA is an exceptional sort of biodegradable thermoplastic composite material having the dissipation factor (tanδ) of 0.05 and dielectric constant (e $${}_{\mathbf{r}}$$ ) of 3.47. Easily available as well as low-cost PLA based Dielectric Resonator Antennas (DRAs) of conventional geometries i.e., Rectangular DRA (RDRA), Cylindrical DRA (CDRA) and Triangular DRA (TDRA) have been explored and developed for broadband societal applications. These three definite constructions of the 3D assembly are utilized to demonstrate the attributes of the PLA as a DRA. Proposed structures of DRAs attain the wide bandwidth of 81.98%, 83.42% and 71.23% for RDRA, CDRA and TDRA respectively for |S11|< −10 dB. The average value of accomplished peak gain is ~ 4 dB for rated maximum frequency band. Therefore, proposed DRAs have an assortment of social utilization in C-, X- and Ku band, for example, climate checking, airport regulation and electromagnetic sensor.

Closed form expressions to find the far‐field patterns of an equilateral triangular dielectric resonator antenna for various higher order modes

Closed form expressions to find the far‐field patterns of an equilateral triangular dielectric resonator antenna for various higher order modes

Wideband Dual-Feed, Dual-Sense Circularly Polarized Dielectric Resonator Antenna

In this article, a wideband dual-feed, dual-sense circularly polarized (CP) dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) is proposed and demonstrated. An L-shaped slot and a vertical metal strip, fed by the same microstrip line, simultaneously excite the antenna. Using this feeding method, a dual-band, dual-sense CP triangular DRA is obtained by employing the DRA mode excited at the lower band and the hybrid mode excited at the upper band. Building on this initial design, a rotationally symmetric bowtie DRA (bDRA) consisting of two triangular dielectrics is proposed for wideband dual-sense CP operation. An additional excited slot mode widens impedance bandwidth and broadens the axial-ratio bandwidth (ARBW) of the lower band. Meanwhile, a higher order DRA mode excitation widens the ARBW of the higher band. The characteristics of these two DRAs are explored via simulation. Moreover, a bDRA prototype is fabricated and measured. The results demonstrate a directional antenna with a wide 10 dB return loss bandwidth of 63.7%, a broad 3 dB ARBW of 27.1% for the left-hand circular polarization, and a broad 3 dB ARBW of 12.8% for the right-hand circular polarization.

Analytic Evaluation of Input Impedance of an Equilateral Triangular Dielectric Resonator Antenna

ABSTRACTIn this paper, analytical expressions are given to evaluate the input impedance of a probe-fed (inserted) Equilateral Triangular Dielectric Resonator Antenna (ETDRA) for different modes for the first time. Theoretical results are verified with measured data as found in the literature and data obtained using a 3D EM simulator HFSS for fundamental mode for arbitrary dimensions and relative permittivity . Good agreement is found between our theory and measured (and simulated) data.

Probe Feed Multi-Element Multi-Segment Triangular Dielectric Resonator Antenna with RCS Analysis

The aim of the paper is to propose a design and analysis of multi-element multi-segment triangular dielectric resonator antenna (MEMS TDRA) with Radar Cross-Section (RCS). The proposed antenna has been excited through coaxial probe feed. The coaxial probe feed excites TM[Formula: see text] dominant mode fields within the TDR elements. A general guideline for wide bandwidth and high gain has been prepared for designing of MEMS TDRA. The model of the proposed MEMS TDRA has been studied through simulation (Ansoft HFSS software) and fabricated for measurement. The simulated antenna performance has good agreement with the measured one. The proposed MEMS TDRA performance has been compared with some similar type of previously published structure and found wider bandwidth and higher gain. The proposed MEMS TDRA provides monopole-like radiation pattern with nearly 39% bandwidth ([Formula: see text] dB). The average gain of 6.0 dBi has been found over the entire bandwidth. The RCS analysis has been performed for monostatic and bistatic modes at different frequencies and angles. The proposed antenna is appropriate for WLAN and WiMAX applications.

45°–45°–90° Triangular dielectric resonator antenna with broadside radiation patterns

Theoretical and experimental investigations on isosceles 45°–45°–90° Triangular Dielectric Resonator Antenna (TDRA) is presented here for TMmnpz modes. Approximate expression is given here to predict the resonant frequency for different TMmnpz modes with an accuracy of 2.3%. It is found that isosceles 45°–45°–90° TDRA radiates in the broadside direction at fundamental TM101z mode. One prototype is also fabricated to validate our theory. It is also found that the fundamental TM101z mode produces slanted polarization. The study of 45°–45°–90° TDRA is important as it just takes approximately half volume compared to square Dielectric Resonator Antenna (DRA) for a given resonant frequency. Our theory can easily be extended to design filter, oscillator etc.

Four-Element Composite Triangular Dielectric Resonator Antenna Using Li2O-1.94MgO-0.02Al2O3-P2O5 Ceramic for Wideband Applications

A simulation and fabrication study of a coaxial probe-fed four-element composite triangular dielectric resonator antenna (TDRA) using low loss Li2O-1.94MgO-0.02Al2O3-P2O5 (LMAP) ceramic and Teflon. LMAP ceramic was carried out and the ceramic was synthesized using a solid-state sintering route. The phase, microstructure and microwave dielectric properties of LMAP were investigated using x-ray diffraction pattern, scanning electron microscopy and a network analyzer. A coaxial probe-fed four-element composite TDRA was designed and fabricated using LMAP as one section of each composite element of the proposed antenna. Each triangular element of the proposed dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) consists of two sections of different dielectric constant materials. The inner triangular section touching the coaxial probe at one of its corners is made of the LMAP ceramic (er = 6.2) while othe uter section is made of Teflon (er = 2.1). Four triangular DRA elements are excited bya centrally located 50-Ω coaxial probe. The parametric study of the proposed antenna was performed through simulation using Ansys High Frequency Structure Simulator software by varying the dimensions and dielectric constants of both sections of each triangular element of the TDRA to optimize the results for obtaining a wideband antenna. The simulated resonant frequency of 9.30 GHz with a percentage bandwidth of 61.65% for the proposed antenna is obtained within its operating frequency range of 7.82–14.8 GHz. Monopole-like radiation patterns with low cross-polarization levels and a peak gain of 5.63 dB are obtained for the proposed antenna through simulation. The antenna prototype having optimized dimensions has also been fabricated. The experimental resonant frequency of 9.10 GHz with a percentage bandwidth of 66.09% is obtained within its operating frequency range of 7.70–15.30 GHz. It is found that the simulation results for the proposed antenna are in close agreement with the measured data. The proposed antenna can potentially be used in broadcast base stations, radar and satellite communications.

Circularly Polarized Dual Facet Spiral Fed Compact Triangular Dielectric Resonator Antenna for Sensing Applications

In this article, a dual band circularly polarized compact equilateral triangular dielectric resonator antenna (TDRA) is proposed and validated experimentally for microwave sensing applications. An innovative coupling based on dual facet spiral loop is used to bring down the axial ratio <3dB. It basically creates the phase excitation on two side walls of the TDRA to ensure circular polarization near 7.5 and 8.7 GHz. In addition to this, the TDRA confirms dual impedance band over (7.327.68) GHz and (8.349.44) GHz. The demonstration shows good matching between the simulated and measured results. This model can be a suitable candidate for high-sensitive sensing applications.

Analysis and Experiment of Equilateral Triangular Uniaxial-Anisotropic Dielectric Resonator Antennas

The design procedure of a uniaxial anisotropic equilateral triangular dielectric resonator antenna (ETDRA) is presented for the first time. The uniaxial material is realized by a periodic stack of sheets of two dissimilar materials with different dielectric constants. It is proven that the increase of the boresight gain and impedance bandwidth of the ETDRA is possible by using the uniaxial material for the antenna prism. The gain improvement is due to the increase in the sidewall radiations and the bandwidth enhancement is owing to the lowering of the effective permittivity of the structure. The fabricated anisotropic ETDRA offers an impedance bandwidth of 27.7% between 3.025 and 4 GHz with a measured gain above 8 dB. The simulation results agree well with the experimental ones.

Three-port triangular dielectric resonator antenna with switching beam forming operation

A novel dielectric resonator antenna with switching beamforming operation is presented in this article. The proposed antenna consists of a triangular dielectric resonator (DR) fed by three switched excitation probes. The switched excitations allow having an antenna with radiation beam that can be swept in three orientations, −60°, 0°, 60°, in the E plane. This design operates in wideband with a range from 5 to 6 GHz, suitable for wireless local area network (WLAN) applications. To validate this concept, the electromagnetic characteristics of the antenna, such as reflection coefficient and radiation patterns are performed by simulations and measurements. © 2017 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Microwave Opt Technol Lett 59:955–958, 2017

Theoretical investigations on equilateral triangular dielectric resonator antenna

Equilateral triangular dielectric resonator antenna (ETDRA) is investigated here analytically for TM z mode. For theoretical analysis, the triangular surfaces on the top and bottom of the isolated ETDRA are modelled either as perfect magnetic conductors (PMC) or imperfect magnetic conductors (IPMC), whereas the side walls having rectangular cross-section are modelled as PMC only. The concept of reduction in effective size due to the avoidance of any corner by the electric field lines is used for the first time to predict the resonant frequency for different TM z mnp modes with an accuracy of 4%. Consequently, an expression is also given here for efficient evaluation of effective dimensions of the ETDRA for various TM z mnp modes. Closed form expressions for the far-field radiation patterns of dominant TM z 101 mode are also presented using both (PMC and IPMC) models. Theoretical results are compared with published data as found in the open literature. One antenna prototype is also fabricated, tested and measured for further verification. It is found that the authors’ theoretical results are in close agreement with measured data.

Experimental Investigations on Wideband Triangular Dielectric Resonator Antenna

An isosceles 30°–75°–75° triangular dielectric resonator antenna (TDRA) is excited using coaxial probe. The antenna gives a measured 47.4% impedance bandwidth, which is much wider than the earlier reported work (5.5%) covering 4.33–7.02 GHz. The wideband is due to the multimode excitation of the ${\mathbf {TM}}_{\mathbf {101}}^{\mathbf {z}}$ and ${\mathbf {TM}}_{\mathbf {103}}^{\mathbf {z}}$ modes. Radiation patterns at different $\vphantom {^{\int }}$ frequencies (5.2, 5.3, 5.8, and 6.5 GHz) are given to show its broadside radiating property. It is found that the TDRA gives good differences between copol and cross-pol (approximately 20 dB) in the broadside direction. This antenna is suitable for IEEE 802.11a/h/j/n, U-NII band applications.

Wideband four-element two-segment triangular dielectric resonator antenna with monopole-like radiation

In this paper, a wideband two-segmented four-element triangular dielectric resonator antenna (TDRA) with coaxial probe feed has been proposed. The proposed antenna has been analyzed, optimized, and studied through Ansoft HFSS simulation software. The prototype of the proposed antenna has been fabricated and its input characteristics are measured with the help of R&amp;S Vector Network Analyzer. Good agreement has been obtained between simulated and measured results. The proposed design has been compared with two segments TDRA and found wider bandwidth with lower resonant frequency. The proposed antenna provides monopole-like radiation pattern over the entire bandwidth with nearly 33% bandwidth (return loss ≥10 dB) at a resonant frequency 6.9 GHz and 4.93 dBi peak gain. The proposed antenna is suitable for application of C-band microwave frequencies.

Four element triangular dielectric resonator antenna for wireless application

A wideband four element triangular dielectric resonator antenna (TDRA) has been designed and fabricated by using 50 Ω coaxial probe feed. The input and radiation characteristics of the proposed antenna have been extracted through Ansoft HFSS and CST Microwave Studio simulation software and compared with the experimental results. The simulated results have been in good agreement with the experimental results. The proposed antenna characteristics have also been compared with the same dimensions of the single element TDRA, and found enhancement in bandwidth with lower resonant frequency. Its performance has also been compared with same area (equal to proposed antenna) of single element TDRA. The proposed antenna provides nearly 37% bandwidth (|S11| &lt; −10 dB) at a resonant frequency of 5.45 GHz with 4.76 dBi peak gain. The symmetry and uniformity in the radiation patterns is obtained consistently for the entire operating bandwidth. The proposed antenna shows consistently symmetric monopole type radiation pattern with low cross polarization for WLAN (IEEE 802.16) and WiMAX applications. The performance of the proposed antenna has been compared with some similar type of dielectric resonator antenna (DRA) shapes and it has been observed that TDRA is taking very less radiation area for giving better performance than other DRA shapes.

Stacked Equilateral Triangular Dielectric Resonator Antenna Excited With Coaxial Feeding

This paper examines a stack of triangular dielectric resonator antenna which is equilateral in shape. The impedance bandwidth is 16.43% (S11<-10 dB) with wideband monopole-like radiation pattern over the entire band has been examined with 4.987dBi peak gain. The efficient radiation pattern is achieved when the geometry of two equilateral triangular dielectric volume is placed over a ground plane, and using coaxial probe for the excitation. CST (Computer Simulation Technology) Microwave Studio Suite 10 is used for the simulation of the designed antenna. Keywords: Triangular dielectric resonator antenna (TDRA), Dielectric resonator (DR), Impedance Bandwidth (IBW), S11 (S-Parameter), Fractional Bandwidth (FBW), Perfect conductor (PEC).

Stacked Equilateral Triangular Dielectric Resonator Antenna Excited With Coaxial Feeding

Stacked Equilateral Triangular Dielectric Resonator Antenna Excited With Coaxial Feeding

THREE ELEMENT DUAL SEGMENT TRIANGULAR DIELECTRIC RESONATOR ANTENNA FOR X-BAND APPLICATIONS

A wideband dual segment three element triangular dielec- tric resonator antenna (TDRA) has been proposed for applications in X-band. Proposed antenna has been fabricated and tested. The simu- lation study of the antenna is carried out using Ansoft HFSS simulation software. The simulation results for input characteristics and radiation patterns of the proposed antenna are compared with corresponding ex- perimental results at the resonant frequency. The simulation results are in agreement with the measurement results. The return loss-frequency characteristics of the proposed antenna are also compared with those of single element, and three element TDRAs.

Four-Element Triangular Wideband Dielectric Resonator Antenna excited by a Coaxial Probe

This paper numerically examines an array of four dielectric resonant antenna of equilateral triangle shape. The Structure provides wideband low profile monopole-like antenna. As much as 30.90 % matching bandwidth (S11<-10 dB) with monopole-like radiation pattern over the entire band has been achieved with 6.357 dBi peak gain. The geometry is a four equilateral triangular dielectric volume over a ground plane, and is centrally excited by a coaxial probe to provide a broadside radiation pattern. An approximate expression is used to compute the resonance frequency. Results are simulated using CST (Computer Simulation Technology) Microwave Studio Suite 10. Keywords-Dielectric resonator (DR), triangular dielectric resonator antenna (TDRA), S11 (S-Parameter), perfect conductor (PEC), Impedance Bandwidth (IBW).