Triangle Antenna Research Articles

Design Microstrip Antenna Using Particle Swarm Optimization

In this work, particle swarm optimization algorithm (PSO) models have been built for the design of microstrip antennas in various forms such as rectangular and equilateral triangle antenna. The analysis problem can be defined as to obtain resonant frequency for a given dielectric material and geometrical structure. This approach has a few advantages: giving a clearer and simpler representation of the problem, and totally avoiding binary encoding and decoding so as to simplify software programming. The antenna designed using PSO is implemented using Microwave Office software 7.1 produced in 2007.

A wideband microstrip triangle patch antenna with double dumbbell shaped Defective Ground Structure for 5G application

In the 5G cellular communication system requires an antenna that has a wide bandwidth and works at millimeter-wave frequencies. In this study, the addition of defective ground structure (DGS) to a microstrip triangle antenna was developed to improve bandwidth performance. Development is carried out through the addition of a double dumbbell-shaped at the DGS antenna structure that works at 28 GHz for 5G applications. The sample design is 4T4R microstrip antenna using Rogers RT5880 substrate material with a dielectric constant (ε_r) of 2.2, h = 0.787 mm. The sample antenna design has dimension 30.11 × 19.89 mm. This study uses a research and development approach through the calculation of DGS structure and design of multiple dumbbell-shaped on the ground layer. The simulation and measurement results show a significant increase in bandwidth performance compared to without using DGS. This study also shows the improvement in bandwidth performance and the gain of microstrip antenna with the addition of double dumbbell-shaped compared to the addition of single dumbbell-shaped in previous studies.

Manifold Optimization for High-Accuracy Spatial Location Estimation Using Ultrasound Waves

This paper designs a high accuracy spatial location estimation method using ultrasound waves by exploiting the fixed geometry of the transmitters. Assuming an equilateral triangle antenna configuration, where three antennas are placed as the vertices of an equilateral triangle, the spatial location problem can be formulated as a non-convex optimization problem whose interior is shown to admit a Riemannian manifold structure. The investigation of the geometry of the newly introduced manifold, i.e. the manifold of all equilateral triangles in R^3, allows the design of highly efficient optimization algorithms. Simulation results are presented to compare the performance of the proposed approach against popular methods from the literature. The results suggest that the proposed Riemannian-based methods outperform the state-of-the-art methods. Furthermore, the proposed Riemannian methods require much smaller computation time as compared with popular generic non-convex approaches.

Review design of wind load analysis structures guyed tension in the Bogor repeater radio frequency antenna towers

The purpose of this study is to analyze the wind load on the Repeater Radio Frequency (RRF) antenna tower, the wind load is viewed from an angle of 0° to the towing cable to the largest angle on the two types of antenna towers, triangle and rectangular. Both types will produce different wind loads so that we can find out which load is the biggest from a combination of wind directions. The research method is by empirical analysis, calculating the wind load alone while other loads are not counted. As a result of wind loads, the tension cable and load direction correspond to each section and then the resultant values of force and direction will arise. And finally, the force is changed to lift and the anchor will hold the force. The results; The use of triangle antenna towers is more beneficial, especially the wind load that occurs is smaller, thus the construction costs are also smaller. The lifting power of a triangle antenna anchor tower is lighter around 1393.971N or 1.393971kN than that of a square antenna anchor tower lift of around 1971.373N or 1.971373kN.

Large-Scale and Well-Ordered Assembly of Microspheres in a Small Container.

Colloidal self-assembly monolayers (SAMs) formed by the Langmuir?Blodgett (LB) process have been widely applied in modern research. The quality of the closely packed 2D or 3D arrays would determine their performance and applications. Herein, we study the influence of the surface wettability of containers on the self-assembly process of polystyrene microspheres using LB technology. It is found that the variation of surface tension at the gas/liquid/solid phase determines the quality of the PS colloidal SAMs. By carefully controlling the surface wettability of the containers, a square centimeter level of well-ordered polystyrene (PS) microsphere SAMs in a small polyethylene (PE) container can be achieved. This method can be used to fabricate PS SAMs with different sphere sizes. In addition, the PS SAMs can be easily transferred onto silica-coated silicon and silicon wafers for further fabricating triangle antenna arrays at a square centimeter level that allows for the study the IR resonances of antennas with conventional IR instrument. The present study provides a simple approach to the fabrication of large-scale and well-ordered colloidal SAMs for further applications.

ANALYSIS PERFORMANCE OF TRIANGLE MICROSTRIP ANTENNA FOR BASIC CONSTRUCTION OF CIRCULARLY POLARIZED-SYNTHETIC APERTURE RADAR APPLICATION

The development of radar technology, Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR), Circularly Polarized-Synthetic Aperture Radar (CP-SAR) and geostationary satellite, demanding needs of communication facilities and infrastructures that have variety platforms, which can generate processed data with high resolution and better image quality for all types of explored terrain. Owing to the antenna embedded on the body of geostationary satellite, its shape should be compact, small, and simple configuration, i.e. the equilateral triangle with and without truncated-tip c1, c2, c3, and c3s antennas using probe and microstrip-line feed with low-power at S-band (2.5 GHz - 2.9 GHz). The Method of Moments (MoM) is chosen in the numerical analysis for fast calculation. The performance results for c2 and c3 antennas are almost same, for instance the values of gain and axial ratio (Ar) for each antenna are consecutive of 6.8 dBic and 0.42 dB. Moreover, the performance results for c1, c3, and c3s antennas at the each resonant frequency are relatively different, as follows: c1 antenna operates at the frequency 2.76 GHz, gain RHCP = 6.66 dBic, Ar = 2.91 dB, the operation frequency of c3 antenna is 2.9 GHz, gain LHCP = 6.98 dBic, Ar = 3.02 dB, and for c3s antenna has the operation frequency of 2.5 GHz, gain LHCP = 6.08 dBic, Ar = 1.75 dB. The results for both simulation and measurement of equilateral triangle antenna, especially for Ar bandwidth below 3-dB are about 0.02 GHz and 0.015 GHz, respectively. Furthermore, the results of the 3 dB-Ar beamwidth for simulation and measurement in elevation plane consecutively are about 120° and 80°.

Comparative study of optical near-field transducers for heat-assisted magnetic recording

Heat-assisted magnetic recording (HAMR), widely considered to be the next generation technology for high-density data storage devices, uses a tiny plasmonic antenna called a near-field transducer (NFT) to focus light down to a subdiffraction volume. This results in a temporary and local rise in temperature of the recording medium thereby reducing its coercivity, allowing the external magnetic field to write data bits in the medium. The performance of any HAMR system strongly depends on the design of the NFT. The optical performance in terms of the optical coupling efficiency and the spot size for several different NFT designs, including the triangle antenna, E antenna, bowtie aperture, lollipop antenna, and C-aperture, are considered. Also, the corresponding temperature rise in the recording medium and the NFT is calculated and several figures of merit based on the temperature profile are compared for the different designs. This work gives a comparison of the relative performances of different types of NFT and can be a basis for choosing a suitable design for HAMR applications.

60 GHz Milimeter-Wave Antennas for Point-to-Point 5G Communication System

In this paper microstrip patch antenna for millimeter-wave is proposed. Evolution of shape microstrip antenna are designed which is from rectangular antenna to triangle antenna and changed to triangle with slot. The proposed antenna configuration achieved for covering 5G wireless system. The lowest return loss of the antenna is -29.23dB which is triangle with slot and the maximum gain obtained is 8 db at the 61.93 GHz for the triangle antenna. This antenna are suitable for the 5G wireless application for short range and high rate communication system.

Performance Comparison Of Triangle Antenna of 60 GHz for 5G Wireless Communication Network

In this paper microstrip triangle with slot antenna for 5G wireless communication network are proposed. The microstip triangle antenna is design and operating 60 GHz milimeter-wave frequency band and it's suitable for 5G wireless communication. The substrates are chosen in the design, which are RogerRT5880 with copper thickness 0.035 mm to analyze their effect toward milimeter-wave performance on the designed. The designed and analysis is performed by using CST Microwave Studio. The lowest return loss of the antenna is -24.75dB which is triangle with slot and the maximum gain obtained is 6.82 db at the 59.68GHz for this antenna. The antenna is considering the gain, return loss and size, the microstrip antenna can be a suitable candidate for the 5G wireless application for short range high speed communication.

Graphene circular polarization analyzer based on spiral metal triangle antennas arrays.

In this paper we propose a circular polarization analyzer based on spiral metal triangle antenna arrays deposited on graphene. Via the dipole antenna resonances, plasmons are excited on graphene surface and the wavefront can be tailed by arranging metal antennas into linetype, circular or spiral arrays. Especially, for spiral antenna arrays, the geometric phase effect can be cancelled by or superposed on the chirality carried within circular polarization incidence, producing spatially separated solid dot or donut shape fields at the center. Such a phenomenon enables the graphene based spiral metal triangle antennas arrays to achieve functionality as a circular polarization analyzer. Extinction ratio over 550 can be achieved and the working wavelength can be tuned by adjusting graphene Fermi level dynamically. The proposed analyzer may find applications in analyzing chiral molecules using different circularly polarized waves.

Shape effects of GeSbTe nanodots on the near-field interaction with a silver triangle antenna

We investigated the shape effects of GeSbTe nanodots on the near-field interaction with a silver triangle antenna using the three-dimensional finite-difference time-domain method, avoiding the difficulty of detecting near-field signals from a single dot that occurs in current measurements. The surface plasmon resonance of silver strengthens the near-field around nanodots made of GeSbTe, commonly used in phase-change recording. Using GeSbTe spheres and pillar dots with various top plane shapes, we investigated the relationship between the inner electric field concentration of GeSbTe nanodots and the radius of curvature of the corners facing the antenna tip. Reducing the radius of curvature strengthens the inner electric field of the dots, enhancing the near-field difference in intensity for the GeSbTe phase change. GeSbTe diamond pillars with a radius of curvature of 1 nm exhibit a near-field difference in intensity of 28% for the phase change. Using the antenna and the GeSbTe nanodot array, optical write-once recording is realized. The preliminary research in this study is expected to realize future optical disk storage using GeSbTe nanodots with diameters below 10 nm.

Antenna-Mediated Coupling of Light into Ag Nanowire

The antenna-mediated coupling of light into Ag nanowire is investigated both in experiments and simulations. The coupling efficiency is strongly depended on the architecture of the metallic particles related to the Ag nanowire. Different incident angles of excitation laser are also tested for the maximum coupling effiecieny. The results demonstrate three-arm triangle antenna group fabricated at the incident end can effectively enhance the surface plasmon polariton (SPP) coupling and propagation. The SPP resonance and the Fabry-Perot cavity theory are used to explain the plasmon enhancement and propagation phenomena. The suggested structure can be served as an enhanced plasmonic waveguide for the nanophotonic and plasmonic circuits in the future.

Inclined acoustic sounding of the atmospheric boundary layer

The method of inclined acoustic sounding of the atmospheric boundary layer has been proposed and realized experimentally. The method is based on the phenomena of the waveducted sound propagation along ground surface under the presence of the positive wind shear. In the experiment the wind velocity profiles and their large-scale time fluctuations were continuously controlled with the SODAR up to the height of 300 m and with the anemometers placed at the mast of 56 m height. The fluctuations of the acoustic pulse travel time with the periods in the range of 3–30 min were measured between the special pulse generator and the three receivers placed on the ground surface 2.5 km apart from each other, forming a horizontal triangle antenna. The obtained cross coherence and phase spectra between the pulse travel time and the wind velocity fluctuations show a peak of coherence with the maximum of about 0.8 to 0.9 for the period of 8 min. Such low-frequency wind velocity fluctuations near the ground surface are thought to be caused by the gravity wave modes propagating in the stable stratified troposphere with the periods close to the Brunt–Vaisalla period. The inclined acoustic sounding is proposed to be used for the acoustic tomographic monitoring of the three-dimensional wind field in the atmospheric boundary layer.