Triethanolamines Research Articles

Solid State Analysis and In-Vitro Dissolution Behavior of MeloxicamHydroxy Propyl Beta Cyclodextrin-Ethanolamines Ternary Complexes

The present study was aimed to improve the aqueous solubility and dissolution rate of an NSAID meloxicam by hydroxy propyl β-cyclodextrin ternary complexes employing ethanolamines. Initially, meloxicam (MLX) binary complexes with Hydroxy propyl β-Cyclodextrin (HPβCD) were formulated by kneading and solvent evaporation techniques which was followed by ternary complex preparation of selected MLX-HPβCD binary complex employing different ethanolamines by solvent evaporation method. The solvent evaporationwas used in preparing ternary complexes of MLX, because it was proved to be the best method comparatively in yielding promising binary complexes of meloxicam in the initial stage of this study. MLX formed 1:1 M stoichiometric binary and ternary inclusion complexes as demonstrated by the AL-type of phase solubility curve. An increment in the stability constant value (Kc) of MLX- HPβCD complex in the presence of ethanolamines conceded higher complexation efficiency. Solid state analysis (FTIR, TGA, and SEM studies) of ternary compounds evidenced the perfect inclusion complex formation. Ternary complexes showed significant improvement in drug dissolution compared topure MLX and MLX-HPβCD binary complex. The ternary complex containing 1:1:1 molar ratio of MLX-HPβCD-DEA exhibited 86.91% drug dissolution in 1 hour, which was significantly high in relation to ternary complexes containing mono and tri ethanolamines, and it was found to follow imperatively matrix order release mechanism. On aging studied complexes showed no significant change in physical appearance, drug content and drug dissolution attributes, which clearly shows high in-vitro stability of the complexes.

Complex Extraction of Phenol and Cresol from Model Coal Tar with Polyols, Ethanol Amines, and Ionic Liquids Thereof

To develop a greener process for reclaiming phenolic compounds from low temperature coal tar, extractive performance of twelve extractants, including mono-, di-, and triethanol amines (MEA, DEA, TEA), six protonated ionic liquids (ILs) thereof with formate (FA) or acetate (Ac) anion, choline chloride, and two polyols (glycol, glycerol), were studied at varying conditions, along with the back extractability of phenols by ether. The extraction performance is MEA > DEA > TEA ≈ ILs > glycol > glycerol, while the back extraction performance of ether is just the opposite. The coexistent toluene in oil and temperature show a little influence on the extraction performance of alcoholic amines and their corresponding ILs. The extraction performance of extractants is consistent with their complexability with phenol, i.e. ethanol amines > ether > ILs > polyols, as manifested by the red shift of the UV spectrum of phenol in the above solvents. [HMEA]FA is the most promising extractant for its overall extraction perfor...

Cation exchange chromatographic separation of amines through fiber supported solid membrane

The cation exchange chromatographic separation of pyridine, monoethanol and triethanol amines have been explored from source to receiving phase through the fiber supported solid membrane. The fibers supported solid membranes were prepared by chemically modification of cellulose fibers with introducing the carboxylic acid ion exchanging groups. The experimental variables explored were concentration of pyridine, monoethanol and triethanol amines (10 -2 to 10-6 M) in the source solution, HCl (0.01 to 0.20 M) in the receiving phase and stirring speed (50-130 rpm) of the bulk source and receiving phase. The efficiency has been evaluated of fiber supported solid membrane system for the transport of pyridine, monoethanol and triethanol amines from the source solution to receiving phase through the fiber supported solid membrane. The pre-concentration was studied of pyridine, monoethanol and triethanol amines from the dilute solutions.Key words: Pyridine, monoethanol and triethanol amines, fiber supported solid membrane; ion exchangeDOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/cerb.v15i1.6788 Chemical Engineering Research Bulletin 15 (2011) 25-29

Ruthenium(III) catalysis in polymerization of vinyl monomers by charge‐transfer mechanism with aminoalcohols and carbontetrachloride: A kinetic study

AbstractThe kinetics of ruthenium(III) catalyzed polymerization of vinyl monomers (M) (methyl‐, ethyl‐, and butylacrylates) by charge‐transfer mechanism with aminoalcohols (AA) (namely, ethanol‐, diethanol‐, and triethanol amines) and carbontetrachloride in dimethylsulfoxide medium have been studied. The rate of polymerization depends on the [CCl4]/[AA] ratio and may be represented as equation image and equation image The rate of polymerization of monomers with each aminoalcohol was found to be in the order Rp (methyl‐)> Rp (ethyl‐)> Rp (butylacrylate) while that of each monomer with different aminoalcohols was found to be in the order of Rp tertiary > Rp secondary > Rp primary aminoalcohol. The suitable mechanism for the polymerization process consistent with kinetic data has been proposed. © 2006 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. Int J Chem Kinet 38: 585–592, 2006

Dynamics of percolation and energetics in the clustering of water/AOT/oil microemulsions in the presence of ethanol amines

Temperature-induced percolation in water/AOT/oil microemulsions in the presence of mono-, di-, and tri-ethanol amines have been studied using conductometric measurements. The percolation temperature of water/AOT/oil microemulsions depends on the nature of the alkanol amine added. Mono- and di-ethanol amines hinder the percolation process, while triethanol amine promotes the process. Percolation studies were also conducted with varying ω = [H2O]/[AOT] values and varying chain lengths of continuous oil phase (C6–C10). The results indicate that increases in both ω and the chain length of the oil decrease the percolation temperature. The microemulsion systems have been analyzed in terms of percolation temperature, scaling equation parameters, and activation energies. The energetic parameters of the clustering process have also been determined employing the phase–separation model. The influence of alkanol amines on the percolation phenomenon has been rationalized in terms of the changes in fluidity of the interfacial layer, the viscosity of the water micropool, and the attractive interactions of the microemulsion droplets. The influence of the alkanol amine additives on the stated parameters was discussed in view of the individual effects of the alcohol and amine moieties on the properties of water/AOT/oil microemulsions.Key words: microemulsion, percolation, conductometry, alkanol amine, surfactant.

Surfactant Properties of Monoalkyl Ethanolamine Phosphate Esters

Monolauryl and monostearyl phosphoric acid esters were synthesized by phosphorylation of the corresponding long chain fatty alcohols which were subsequently neutralized with mono-, di- and tri-ethanolamines. Monoalkyl nature of phosphate derivatives was ascertained by evaluating phosphorus contents. All the phosphate derivatives displayed appreciable lowering of surface tension of water and the monoethanolamine compounds, in particular, showed lower CMC values compared to the conventional anionic surfactant, linear alkyl bezene sodium sulphonate. Monoethanolamine derivatives of lauryl and stearyl esters of phosphoric acid exhibited lower water solubility compared to diethanolamine and triethanolamine derivatives. Foam characteristics of all the compounds were, in general, poor. Monolauryl diethanolamine phosphate ester indicated superior wetting power.

Model for microemulsions: I. Effect of sulfonate surfactant cation and chain size and concentration on phase behavior

One/one aqueous NaCl/decane systems containing C 12 o-oxylene sulfonates neutralized with mono-, di-, and triethanol amines were equilibrated and phase volumes determined. The systems phase split into 1 to 3 surfactant-rich phases in equilibrium with excess brine and/or decane. Both birefringent and optically homogeneous surfactant phases showed trends in phase volumes with varying salinity, head group size, chain length, and surfactant concentration. Monoethanol ammonium (MEA) and triethanol ammonium (TEA) sulfonates showed opposite trends with increasing concentration; optimal salinity rose with increasing TEA sulfonate and dropped with MEA sulfonate concentration. The diethanol ammonium (DEA) sulfonate showed an optimal salinity essentially independent of surfactant concentration as did equal weight mixtures of MEA and TEA sulfonates. Optimal salinity increased in the order MEA < DEA = MEA/TEA ( 1 1 ) < TEA indicating that surfacant hydrophilicity increases with increasing head group size. These trends and those with varying chain length are consistent with a proposed model mutually relating water and oil uptakes, interfacial curvature, and head and chain size. The model focuses on the structure of the surfactant at the brine/oil interface and relates structure to surfactant capacity to hold brine and oil together in the microemulsion. It examines the influence of surfactant head and chain volumes and water oil interfacial “solubility” on the direction and extent of interfacial curvature. The effect of these variables on interfacial curvature is in turn related to water and oil uptake. Water uptake increases and oil uptake decreases with increasing head/chain volume ratio, oil alkane carbon number and temperature (sulfonates), and decreasing salinity and aromaticity. The model postulates the coexistence of domains of water and oil continuity and applies spherical geometry to oil and water droplets in these domains. The resulting equations relate water and oil uptakes to the relative thicknesses and volumes of surfactant heads and chains. These structural parameters at balance are evaluated from surfactant heads and chains molecular olumes and interfacial areas. The model provides a physical explanation for the well-known empirical hydrophile/lipophile balance (HLB) system. It extends the HLB concept to include the influence of salinity, temperature, and oil composition.

Derivatives of Aluminium with Mono-, Di- and Tri-ethanol Amines

Derivatives of Aluminium with Mono-, Di- and Tri-ethanol Amines