Trends Of Transfusion Transmitted Infections Research Articles

Transfusion Transmitted Infections in Blood Donors of Pakistan Red Crescent Lahore: A Mixed Method Study

Background: According to Punjab Blood Transfusion Authority, blood donors are screened for five “Transfusion Transmitted Infections (TTIs). But lack of adequate screening methods threatens the rapid spread of TTIs. Objective: This study aimed at adding to the surveillance data about TTIs in Pakistan and explored blood banking phenomenon to find workable ways for minimizing their spread. Methods: It was a mixed method study, with retrospective cross-sectional design to find out the frequency of TTIs amidst the blood donors of “Pakistan Red Crescent Punjab” during 2015 to 2019, and with phenomenological design to explore reasons for any changes in the trends of TTIs. Records were analysed for descriptive statistics of the five TTIs, and reasons for the observed changes in the trends were explored through semi-structured interviews from the blood bank’s managers. The qualitative data was analysed by deductive thematic analysis. Results: Among 6380 blood donors, 2.19% (n=140) were positive for at least one of five TTIs. Out of total donors, 1.12 % (n= 72) were HCV positive, 0.83 % (n= 53) HBV positive, 0.2 % (n= 13) Syphilis positive, and 0.03% (n = 2) HIV positive, whereas none was positive for Malaria. 61.34% (n= 3914) of donors were males, and 38.65% (n= 2466) were females. Of the total, 86.52% (n= 5520) were mobile blood camp donors, and 13.47% (n= 860) were walk-in donors. The reasons for the observed increasing number of Syphilis cases and other observed trends were found to be due to differences in sensitivity of screening method used and other blood bank processes like Donor recruitment. Conclusion: TTI prevalence among donors of said blood bank in private sector is more in male donors in comparison to female ones and is more in “mobile blood camp donors” than in “walk-in donors”.

Prevalence of residual risks of the transfusion-transmitted infections in Riyadh hospitals: A two-year retrospective study

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the prevalence and trends of transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs) in two hospitals in Riyadh, as well as to judge the best type of tests to ensure blood transfusion safety. By using serological and nucleic acid test (NAT) tests, these donors were screened for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), hepatitis B virus (HBV), human T-lymphotropic virus type 1 (HTLV-1), human T-lymphotropic virus type 2 (HTLV-2), syphilis, and malaria infection as a first time of donation. Out of 58,898 blood units, 336 units were reacted for HBsAg, 5,318 units for HBcAbs, 506 units for HCV antibodies, 214 units for HIV Ab/Ag combinations, 206 units for HTLV antibodies, 355 units for syphilis antibodies, and 81 units for malaria. Moreover, the genotypic prevalence of these products showed that 349 units reacted for HBV DNA, HCV RNA, and HIV RNA in blood donation. This study reflects the seriousness of the residual risk of TTI, which is still a threat factor for the transmission of blood-borne infectious diseases. It was discovered that utilising (NAT) could increase test sensitivities while also lowering residual TTI risks, improving blood safety, and being cost-effective.

Prevalence and Trends of Transfusion Transmitted Infections among Voluntary Blood Donors in a Blood Bank of Tertiary Care Hospital in Nagpur, 2017-2021

Background: Blood transfusion is an effective treatment that saves millions of lives. Nevertheless, transfusion transmitted infections (TTIs) are a major problem. The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence and trends of TTI in healthy blood donors in tertiary care hospital blood banks and compare it with national data and other studies in different regions. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted from January 2017 to December 2021 in healthy donors aged between 18 to 65 years. TTIs tests were performed using CLIA (Chemiluminescent Immunoassay) for HIV, HBV, HCV, and HBsAg, and RPR (Rapid Plasma Rea-gin) for syphilis. Results: Of the 12,193 normal healthy donors enrolled in this study, 124 (1.01%) donors were sero-reactive to various TTIs. Of the 124 donors, 11 (0.09%) were seropositive for HIV, 13 (0.106%) for HCV, 95 (0.7%) for HBsAg, and 5 (0.04%) for VDRL. There were no reactive donors for malaria. The most common age group for sero-reactivity was 21–30 years (50.8%) of all seropositive donors. Conclusion: The overall positive rate for all test combinations for TTI showed a steady trend with a gradual decrease from 2017 to 2021. We should raise public awareness and target people in their 21s to 30s, and contribute to safe blood transfusion.

Trends and epidemiological analysis of hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, human immunodeficiency virus, and human T-cell lymphotropic virus among Iranian blood donors: strategies for improving blood safety

BackgroundBlood transfusion is associated with potential risks of transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs). Different strategies are needed to monitor blood safety and screen the donors’ efficacy, such as evaluation of the prevalence and trends of TTIs. This study was conducted to evaluate the prevalence and trends of TTIs, including hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and human T-cell lymphotropic virus (HTLV 1/2), and the impact of the donors’ characteristics such as age, sex, and donor status on the prevalence of TTIs in blood donors in seven large provinces of Iran from 2010 to 2018.MethodsThis study was conducted on the data collected from all blood donations in seven Iranian Blood Transfusion Centers including Ardabil, Alborz, Guilan, West Azarbaijan, North, Razavi, and South Khorasan from April 2010 to March 2018. Demographic characteristics, number of donations, donor status, and screening and confirmatory serological results of all blood donations were collected from Iranian Blood Transfusion Organizations (IBTO) national database. The prevalence and trend of HBV, HCV, HIV, and HTLV 1/2 infections were reported according to the donation year and donor’s characteristics.ResultsThe analysis of the prevalence and trend of TTIs in 3,622,860 blood donors showed a significant decreasing trend in first-time and regular donors. Additionally, compared to first- time donors, regular donors made safer blood donations with lower risks of HBV, HIV, HCV and HTLV 1/2 (P < 0.0001). Although the prevalence of HTLV 1/2 and HBV was higher in females, TTIs had a significant decreasing trend in males and females. Finally, it was found that the prevalence of HBV and HTLV 1/2 increased with age up to 40–49 years and then decreased thereafter.ConclusionsThe decreasing trends of TTIs in Iranian donors during 9 years may indicate that the various strategies implemented by IBTO have been effective in recent years. Other factors such as a decrease in the prevalence of specific TTIs in the general population might have also contributed to these declines.

Seroprevalence and Trend of HBV, HCV, and HIV Infections among Blood Donors of Fars Province, Iran (2006-2018).

Blood transfusion is a life-saving procedure; millions of lives are saved each year. However, blood transfusions are associated with certain risks that can lead to adverse consequences. This study aimed to survey the prevalence and trend of hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), and Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) among blood donors of Fars province, Iran (2006-2018). This retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted by reviewing the records of the blood transfusion organization of Fars province. A total of 1952478 blood units were screened for transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs). Then, data were entered into SPSS software (Negare. version 25). Chi-square test was used to compare the sof TTIs among blood donors. Chisquare test for trend was used to analyze the variations in trends of TTIs during this period. Finally, p-values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. GraphPad Prism software was used for the depiction of the graphs. Among the 1952478 blood donations within the 13-years, 4479(0.229 %) of donors were HBsAg, HCV Ab, and HIV Ag-Ab positive. The seroprevalence of HBV, HCV, and HIV was 2684(0.137%), 1703(0.087 %), and 92(0.0047%), respectively. The current study showed that the overall prevalence of TTIs among blood donors was low and had a descending trend over the years of study.

Hepatitis B, Hepatitis C, Human immunodeficiency virus and syphilis frequency among blood donors: A single center study

We aimed to provide updated results for seroprevalence of hepatitis B, hepatitis C viruses while presenting first data for human immunodeficiency virus and syphilis seropositivity amongst blood donors in Adana, Turkey. Screening and confirmatory test results of 62,461 donors were evaluated. HBsAg, anti-HCV, anti-HIV1/2 and syphilis seropositivity was 1.92%, 0.48%, 0.20%, 0.18% respectively, based on screening tests, and 1.66%, 0.05%, 0.003%, 0.10% respectively, according to confirmatory tests. Transfusion-transmitted infections (TTI) was more prevalent in low-educated donors. HBsAg and syphilis seropositivity rates were higher in married subjects. We found that the prevalence of HBV and HCV was significantly decreased in the last two decades in Adana. Importantly, this study provides first data in HIV and syphilis seropositivity rates among blood donors in our region and both HIV and syphilis seroprevalences were found to be low compared to many regions of Turkey. However, considering the fact that increasing number of immigrants may change prevalences and trends of TTI both in Adana and in Turkey, strict monitorization and yearly reporting of TTI rates seem necessary to be able to take proactive measures.

Prevalence and trends of transfusion-transmitted infections among blood donors in Tehran, Iran from 2008 to 2013

BackgroundEvaluation of trends in the rate of transfusion-transmitted infections (TTIs) in blood donors is essential for monitoring blood supply safety and donor screening effectiveness. The aim of this study was to determine the trends and prevalence of hepatitis B virus (HBV), hepatitis C virus (HCV), human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and syphilis seromarkers among blood donors referred to Tehran Blood Transfusion Center (TBTC) from 2008 to 2013. Materials and methodsThe data of all blood donors referred to TBTC between 2008 and 2013 were collected. The prevalence of HBV, HCV, HIV, and syphilis infections were expressed by donation year and donors' characteristics (age, gender, educational level and donor status). ResultsAmong 1,796,090 individuals who donated blood at TBTC from 2008 to 2013, analysis of trend for the prevalence of HBV showed a significant decrease from 423 to 153 per 105 donors. The similar pattern of decrease was observed for the prevalence of HCV from 139 to 69 per 105 donors, however the rate of decrease in HCV prevalence was slower than the rate of decrease in HBV prevalence. The prevalence of HIV was constant while the prevalence of syphilis showed a sharp decrease in 2009 and a constant prevalence from 2010 to 2013. The top three parameters influenced the rate of TTIs were donor status, age, and educational level. ConclusionThe decreasing prevalence and trends of TTIs among the studied donors demonstrated that the safety measures which were employed in recent years in Iranian Blood Transfusion Organization have been effective.