Trends Of Climatic Parameters Research Articles

Structure and Trends in Climate Parameters of Wine-Growing Regions in Slovenia

This study examined the structure and trends of climate parameters important for grape production from 1952 to 2022 in the wine-growing regions of Podravje, Posavje, and Primorska in Slovenia. Average and extreme temperature and precipitation data from six meteorological stations in three wine-growing regions were divided into annual and growing seasons. The results show that in the period 1991–2022, there was a warming in the growing season in all regions by 1.4–1.7 °C, except the southern part of Primorska (Koper station) 0.6 °C, compared to the reference period 1961–1990. The heat accumulation indices (GDDs and HI) increased significantly, which is mainly due to the increase in the maximum temperature in the growing season temperature (GST max) and the number of days with Tmax > 30 °C (NDT30). The NDT30 increased the most, by a factor of more than four. In the reference period (1961–1990), however, the trend in the number of hot days was even slightly negative. The mean seasonal temperature rose to around 17 °C in regions with a continental climate and to around 19 °C in the Mediterranean region, which could be reflected in the earlier ripening of the grapes. The trends show a decrease in total annual precipitation (AP) after 1991, but this was significant only at one inland location (Maribor), while the total precipitation during the growing season (GSP) decreased significantly at three locations (Maribor, Bilje, and Koper).

Does climate change affect wheat productivity and water demand in arid regions? Case study of Egypt

The study investigates the effects of climate change on wheat productivity (Yw) and crop water requirements (CWR) across different regions in Egypt, highlighting the potential threat to the country's wheat self-sufficiency goals. Data spanning from 1987 to 2019 from lower, middle, and upper Egypt, as well as areas outside the Nile valley of Egypt, underwent both parametric and non-parametric statistical analysis to discern trends in climate parameters and their impact on wheat growth stages. Findings reveal a significant increase (P ≤ 0.05) in Yw across the study areas, attributed to effective self-sufficiency strategies, with increases of 0.61, 0.60, 0.59, and 0.56 Mg ha−1 per decade in middle Egypt, outside the Nile valley, lower, and upper Egypt study zones, respectively. Although the observed significant increase in Yw, results revealed a significant negative relationship between Yw, maximum air temperature (Tmax), minimum air temperature (Tmin), and wheat growing degree days (GDD) depending on the study zone and the wheat growth stage. The study notes a more significant rise in Tmin than Tmax, adversely affecting Yw, particularly in upper Egypt, where Tmin rose by 0.43 °C per decade. CWR rose by ∼12 % in lower Egypt, ∼15 % in middle and upper Egypt, and ∼18 % outside the Nile valley between 2009 and 2019 compared to 1987–1997 under the best farming conditions. Wheat in middle Egypt showed resilience to climatic change, whereas in the Nile valley zone, the node development stage was significantly sensitive to Tmax fluctuations. In lower Egypt, Tmin and wheat GDD changes during anthesis and physiological stages significantly negatively impacted Yw. The study suggests that wheat self-sufficiency strategies in Egypt and similar climates should start to incorporate air temperature and GDD considerations. Recommendations include adopting heat, drought, and disease-resistant wheat varieties and focusing on expanding wheat cultivation in other zones rather than upper Egypt to cope with climate change.

Effect of Slope and Runoff Trends on the Hydrological Response of River Kaduna

A monotonic upward/downward trends of hydrological variables was used to test the null hypothesis that slope and runoff trends have a significant impact on land use and land. The Mann-Kendall (M-K) and P- values statistical measurement were used to validate the null hypothesis against the observed data Relationships between gradients and climatic parameters for the hydrological response of Kaduna River was developed using geographic information tools (GIS). GIS maps of runoff, Digital Elevation Model (DEM), Land Use and Land were established Mann-Kendall (M-K) trend analysis was used to identify trends in climate parameters. The data used are precipitation, evapotranspiration, runoff, and temperature over a 30-year period from 1992 to 2021 obtained from the Kaduna State Water Authority and the Nigerian Meteorological Service. Results of the trend analysis of annual runoff and rainfall indicates the same M-K and P-values of 0.094 and 0.475which are all greeter than 0.05 significant level but the magnitude of Seen slope for rainfall and runoff are 5.130 and 0.016 demonstrating that rainfall is the major driving variable foe runoff generation. The annual evapotranspiration has M-K and P-values of 0.126 and 0.335 while the values for average annual temperature are 0.138 and 0.292. Land use in parts of the study area exhibits unstable ecosystems and vulnerable hilly terrain, suggesting that seasonal runoff and corresponding hydrological responses of rivers are dominated by changes in precipitation.

Impact of climate change on spatiotemporal variations in the vegetation cover and hydrology of district Nowshera

Abstract This research seeks to validate climate change in the district of Nowshera, as well as its impact on NDVI (vegetation) and hydrological events such as monsoon rains. Modified Mann-Kendall and Sen's statistics were used to examine climate parameters. Using climate factors and MODIS NDVI (Normalized Difference Vegetation Index) data, regression analysis was used to study a 20-year (2001–2020) spatiotemporal climate-vegetation relationship. Landsat 5 and 7 NDWI (Normalized Difference Water Index) data, as well as SRTM DEM (Digital Elevation Model) data, were used to map extreme weather events such as floods caused by climate change. For mapping and data processing, ArcGIS and R tools were used. The findings revealed significant trends in climate parameters, which has led to climate change in the area, affecting NDVI and water cycles. The NDVI showed a generally good trend, however some places were damaged. Monsoon rain patterns and rates have been substantially disrupted, resulting in flash and fluvial floods. The risk of future floods owing to the Kabul and Indus rivers was shown through watershed delineation, which is compounded by climate change and anthropogenic activities. It is advised that government officials and policymakers establish climate change mitigation plans for regional sustainable development and vegetation restoration.

Response of Rangeland Vegetation to Recent Trends in Seasonal Climate in Mansehra, Pakistan

The deterioration of rangeland resources as a result of environmental changes is a serious concern in the Himalayan mountainous region of Pakistan. The present study is aimed to evaluate the response of vegetation cover of rangeland to recent trends in climate parameters, such as the seasonal temperature and rainfall in the Mansehra district of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa province, Pakistan. Correlation analysis was performed between the MODIS data products, i.e., NDVI (Normalized difference vegetation index) and LST (Land surface temperature), and TRMM rainfall datasets of the 2000-2018 period. NDVI indicated a negative correlation with LST of winter (R= -0.56), spring (R= -0.7), summer (R= -0.24), and autumn (R= -0.23) significant (p<0.05) for winter and spring seasons only. In contrast, the correlation of NDVI was observed positive with seasonal rainfall exhibiting coefficient of correlation values of 0.41, 0.79, 0.64, 0.7 for winter, spring, summer, and autumn significant (p<0.05) for the last two seasons only. The low correlation observed between NDVI and LST of summer and autumn seasons is likely because of the prevailing stress condition of chlorophyll contents of the vegetation cover under warming conditions. However, this situation appears to be compensated by the rainfall as indicative of the moderate to strong correlation between the NDVI and rainfall of these two seasons. The least NDVI values observed during the winter season indicate limited vegetation cover for grazing opportunities in the lower valleys. However, an in-depth investigation of production patterns would further facilitate analyzing the grazing potential to support decision-making for long-term grazing management.

English

Climate variability is one of the major ecological challenges of the 21st century in Waza Logone Plain in the Far North region of Cameroon. The physical environment in this area has almost completly deteriorated as a result of declining rainfall and rising temperatures. A study was carried out to understand the dynamics of biodiversity in terms of climate variability in the Waza National Park. This study was based on both the trends of climatic parameters on biodiversity and perceptions of local populations over the last forty years. The adapted approach combines (i) the modeling of climate data through MINITAB 17 Software, (ii) the analysis of wildlife census data and (iii) the digital analysis of satellite images using ENVI 4.5 and QGIS 2.17 Software. The results showed a negative evolution of climatic parameters during the last forty years. The general negative trend of biodiversity evolution of both fauna and flora is a result of the continuous degradation of the Waza National Park. The results of different wildlife census, the spatial analysis and the perceptions of local people confirmed the trend to the degradation of the park and biodiversity losses. Concrete measures of management of the Park should be taken by stakeholders in order to hinder the biodiversity losses, including the construction of water ponds and cartesian wells as well as the enrichment of the park with woody species.   Key words: Climate variability, land degradation, biodiversity dynamics, biodiversity losses, Waza Logone Plain, Cameroon.  

Root Yield Response of Pro-Vitamin andlsquo;Aandrsquo; Cassava to Climatic Parametersin Umudike, Southeastern Nigeria

Root yield response of pro-vitamin ‘A’ cassava was studied in Umudike for five years using climatic data collected from Agro-met Unit of the National Root Crops Research Institute, Umudike. Data on pertinent climatic parameter and their relationship with pro-vitamin ‘A’ cassava were analyzed using regression, correlation and descriptive statistics. The results reveal that all the seven climatic parameters possess upward trends with annual values of rainfall increasing at the rate of 2.455 mm annually, maximum temperature 0.029°C, minimum temperature 0.220°C, mean annual temperature 0.024°C, relative humidity 0.282%, sunshine hours 0.004 hrs and soil temperature 0.015°C. Correlating climatic indices with pro-vitamin ‘A’ cassava root yield, time, relative humidity and soil temperature were significant at 5% level of confidence, that is 61%, 60%, and 64% respectively while the relationship with maximum temperature were significant at 10% confidence level, that is 53%. Some other factors such as agronomic practices and nutrient content of the soil could have contributed to the root yield of pro-vitamin ‘A’ cassava in the study area. In conclusion, the variations in root yield of pro-vitamin ‘A’ cassava over the years studied in Umudike depend majorly on the values and trends of climatic parameters. Therefore, it is recommended, among others, that the variability, values, and trends of pertinent climatic parameters should be monitored constantly.

Characterizing the changing environment of cropland in the Songnen Plain, Northeast China, from 1990 to 2015

Quantitative characterization of environmental characteristics of cropland (ECC) plays an important role in maintaining sustainable development of agricultural systems and ensuring regional food security. In this study, the changes in ECC over the Songnen Plain, a major grain crops production region in Northeast China, were investigated for the period 1990–2015. The results revealed significant changes in climate conditions, soil physical properties and cropland use patterns with socioeconomic activities. Trends in climate parameters showed increasing temperature (+0.49°C/decade, p < 0.05) and decreasing wind speed (–0.3 m/s/decade, p < 0.01) for the growing season, while sunshine hours and precipitation exhibited non-significant trends. Four topsoil parameters including soil organic carbon (SOC), clay, bulk density and pH, indicated deteriorating soil conditions across most of the croplands, although some do exhibited slight improvement. The changing amplitude for each of the four above parameters ranged within–0.052 to 0.029 kg C/kg,–0.38 to 0.30,–0.60 to 0.39 g/cm3,–3.29 to 2.34, respectively. Crop production significantly increased (44.0 million tons) with increasing sown area of croplands (~2.5 million ha) and fertilizer application (~2.5 million tons). The study reveals the dynamics of ECC in the Songnen Plain with intensive cultivation from 1990 to 2015. Population growth, economic development, and policy reform are shown to strongly influence the spatiotemporal changes in cropland characteristics. The study potentially provides valuable scientific information to support sustainable agroecosystem management in the context of global climate change and national socioeconomic development.

A Determinação do Perfil Climatológico do Município de Santo Antônio de Pádua-RJ e Sua Aplicabilidade na Recuperação de Áreas Degradadas

The municipality of Santo Antonio de Padua, located in the northwest State of Rio de Janeiro-RJ has been and is currently characterized by economic activities highly degrading the environment. As a consequence of process, it is possible to highlight the decline of springs, reduced biodiversity, increased frequency of floods and changes in temperature and water balance, culminating in a process of desertification in the region.The present study was conducted through analysis of historical series of temperature (1980-1995) and (2001-2010) precipitation (1980-1985) and determined the climatic classification of the municipality according to Thornthwaite methodology, which has also been used in calculating the climatic water balance to estimate water availability in the municipality. The present study aimed to investigate the trends of climatic parameters and their impact on the physical environment, as well as its applicability in planning the recovery of degraded lands. According to the analysis of the water balance and the historical series of temperature and rainfall, the region presents marked water deficit during the winter, when there is an upward trend of average monthly temperatures. Knowing the climatological profile has allowed us to define the best methodological alternatives for reforestation of the region, demonstrating the importance of evaluating these parameters in any kind of recovery planning forest.

Analysis of current trends in climate parameters, river discharge and glaciers in the Aksu River basin (Central Asia)

Climate variability and change play a crucial role in the vulnerable system of the Aksu River basin located in Kyrgyzstan and northwest China, providing precious water resources for the intense oasis agriculture of the Xinjiang Province (China). Ubiquitous warming and increase in precipitation (in the lower part of the basin) have been detected. Glaciers in the region are retreating. Seasonal trends in river discharge show an increase. A clear link could be demonstrated between daily temperature and lagged river discharge at two headwater stations in summer. However, the correlation breaks over short periods in the end of summer or beginning of autumn at the Xiehela station, when the high (over 95th percentile) flow peaks caused by the glacier lake outburst floods of the Merzbacher Lake occur. This feature is a challenge for the climate impact assessment in the region, as these regular outbursts have to be represented in the projections for the future as well.Editor D. Koutsoyiannis

Trends in climate parameters affecting winegrape ripening in northeastern Slovenia

Trends in climate parameters affecting winegrape ripening in northeastern Slovenia

Viticulture–climate relationships in Greece: the impacts of recent climate trends on harvest date variation

ABSTRACTClimate characteristics and relationships with indigenous varieties in Greece are examined to better understand how these varieties perform in their native climate and assess the impact regional climate change has on the Greek wine industry. Thus, harvest dates (ΔH) for eight indigenous varieties and regions, along with climate data, were gathered and systematically explored using linear regression models and principal component analysis for three ‘effective’ growing season time period definitions (calendar year, growing season and ripening period). The eight study regions had marked differences in their general climatic characteristics, mainly between mainland and island areas.ΔHresponse was not particularly sensitive to time period definition. In five out of eight regions, a systematic shift ofΔHwas identified (earlier harvest), mainly driven by changes in maximum and minimum temperatures. Significant trends in climate parameters and viticulture–climate relationships were more evident for island regions when compared to mainland locations. Moreover, areas with late ripening varieties were shown to be less sensitive to climate changes. Only in one region harvest was delayed, possibly due to non‐climate factors. The identification of up‐to‐date climate and grapevine phenology relationships could be an important step for broader and more confident future assessments of climate suitability for viticulture and climate change impacts in Greece, and provide insights into how lesser known varieties might perform in other regions.

Structure and trends in climate parameters affecting winegrape production in northeast Spain

This study examined the structure and trends of climate parameters important to wine- grape production from 1952 to 2006 in the Alt Penedes, Priorat, and Segria regions of NE Spain. Aver- age and extreme temperature and precipitation characteristics from 3 stations in the regions were organized into annual, growing season, and phenological growth stage periods and used to assess potential impacts on vineyard and wine quality, and changes in varietal suitability. Results show an overall growing season warming of 1.0 to 2.2°C, with significant increases in heat accumulation indices that are driven mostly by increases in maximum temperature (average Tmax, number of days with Tmax > 90th percentile, and number of days with Tmax > 30°C). Changes in many temperature parameters show moderate to strong relationships with vine and wine parameters in the 3 regions, including earlier phenological events concomitant with warmer growing seasons, higher wine quality with higher ripening diurnal temperature ranges, and reduced production in the warmest vintages. While trends in annual and growing season precipitation were not evident, precipitation during the bloom to veraison period declined significantly for all 3 sites, indicating potential soil moisture stress during this critical growth stage. Shorter-term analysis of crop evapotranspiration (ETc) reveals that the current impact per 1°C of growing season (Apr to Oct) warming is an increase in water demands in the region by 6 to 14%. These observations, combined with climate projections, indicate potential disruption of climate-variety balance, increasing water stress, and challenges in producing quality wines without the adoption of appropriate adaptive measures.