Technical Development Trend Research Articles

Technical characteristics and development trend of third generation solar cells

The future of global sustainable energy systems is anticipated to heavily rely on photovoltaic solar energy (PV). This paper provides an analysis of third-generation solar cells, exploring their underlying working mechanisms, evaluating their performance metrics, and discussing both their advantages and disadvantages. Third-generation solar cells, which include perovskites, dye-sensitized cells, and organic photovoltaics, offer promising advancements over traditional silicon-based cells, such as higher efficiencies and potential for lower production costs. However, challenges like material stability, scalability, and long-term reliability hinder their widespread adoption. In offering a comprehensive examination of these advanced solar technologies, the paper aims to contribute to the understanding and progress of renewable energy solutions. It underscores the importance of continued research and innovation in overcoming the existing limitations of third-generation solar cells. The transition towards a future that relies more heavily on sustainable energy sources hinges on the ability to develop and implement efficient, reliable, and cost-effective solar technologies. The paper identifies these bottleneck issues and suggests pathways for overcoming them.

Hydrophobic Modification of Cellulose Acetate and Its Application in the Field of Water Treatment: A Review.

With the inherent demand for hydrophobic materials in processes such as membrane distillation and unidirectional moisture conduction, the preparation and application development of profiles such as modified cellulose acetate membranes that have both hydrophobic functions and biological properties have become a research hotspot. Compared with the petrochemical polymer materials used in conventional hydrophobic membrane preparation, cellulose acetate, as the most important cellulose derivative, exhibits many advantages, such as a high natural abundance, good film forming, and easy modification and biodegradability, and it is a promising polymer raw material for environmental purification. This paper focuses on the research progress of the hydrophobic cellulose acetate preparation process and its current application in the water-treatment and resource-utilization fields. It provides a detailed introduction and comparison of the technical characteristics, existing problems, and development trends of micro- and nanostructure and chemical functional surface construction in the hydrophobic modification of cellulose acetate. Further review was conducted and elaborated on the applications of hydrophobic cellulose acetate membranes and other profiles in oil-water separation, brine desalination, water-repellent protective materials, and other separation/filtration fields. Based on the analysis of the technological and performance advantages of profile products such as hydrophobic cellulose acetate membranes, it is noted that key issues need to be addressed and urgently resolved for the further development of hydrophobic cellulose acetate membranes. This will provide a reference basis for the expansion and application of high-performance cellulose acetate membrane products in the environmental field.

Technical Status and Development Trends of Difficult Throttles Treatment Technology in Gas Wells

Abstract In order to promote the development of treatment technology for difficult throttles in gas wells and assist in solving the problem of gas well shutdown caused by the failure of difficult throttle treatment, this paper delves into the structural principles of preset throttles and slip-type throttles, introducing various types such as preset wire deployment and fishable throttles, preset non-wire deployment and fishable throttles, mechanical slip-type throttles, and electric throttles. It systematically analyzes the difficulties in retrieving difficult throttles, including wire breakage, fishing head breakage, deformation and breakage of slips, eccentric fishing head, non-release of inflated rubber cylinder, jamming, sand burial, scaling, fluid accumulation, falling objects underground, tubing deformation, and complex production tubing strings. Furthermore, it sequentially introduces weighted steel wire fishing treatment, coiled tubing fishing treatment technology, milling and fishing stuck throttles treatment, snubbing operation treatment technology, and well killing and workover treatment technology, which encompass punching holes in the tubing treatment technology, tubing cutting technology under pressure and sand flushing technology. The shortcomings of each treatment technique are also highlighted. Taking into account the current challenges faced in the treatment of difficult throttles, such as high cost and low efficiency in low-pressure gas wells, poor technical adaptability, and high risk of operational failure, it is pointed out that future difficult throttle processing technology should focus on two key directions. Firstly, it should aim for non-well-killing and low-cost development. Secondly, it should strive to reduce the occurrence and treatment difficulty of difficult throttles from the source design. And it provides technical references and ideas for the design of the next generation throttles.

VERSION OF LOITERING MUNITIONS CLASSIFICATION BASED ON THE STATE-OF-THE-ART AND TRENDS ANALYSIS

At present, objects of the rocket and space industry and strategic nuclear forces of the leading countries of the world, as well as other expensive infrastructure objects, can be attacked by air attack units belonging to the newest class of weapon — loitering munitions. This type of weapons combines low cost and easy development and production, which makes them available for illegal armed formations and the conduct of hybrid warfare. According to their design features and performance characteristics, loitering munitions occupy a place between cruise missiles and unmanned aerial vehicles. To analyze the threats from this type of weaponry to objects of the rocket and space industry and other sectors of the economy and to determine potential countermeasures, a version of classifying modern and future loitering munitions is proposed based on their operating range and typical destruction objectives. Specifically, loitering munitions can be divided into anti-aircraft munitions and munitions to target ground objectives. The latter category is additionally divided into tactical, medium-range, and long-range loitering munitions. Technical features, typical munitions and development trends are given for each category of loitering munitions. The de- pendence of the loitering munition warhead mass on the launch mass was studied, and the effect of the installed engine type was shown. The dependence of the main engine type on the loitering munition category is identified, which is a determining factor that forms the configuration and performance characteristics of a munition. An analysis of modern armed conflicts shows that loitering munitions are gaining more and more importance for successful accom- plishment of combat missions. It is shown that depending on the enemy, nature of hostilities, technological and economic capabilities of the parties to the conflict, loitering munitions of different categories can be used. Examples are given of the prominent role of loitering munitions in such conflicts as the current conflict in Yemen and the recent war in Nagorno-Karabakh. Based on the proposed classification of loitering munitions and the experience of their tactical employment in armed conflicts of the 21st century, a vision was formed for the development of loitering munitions for the Armed Forces of Ukraine.

Technical Status and Development Trend of Medical Electron Linear Accelerators

More than 70% of tumor patients require radiotherapy. Medical electron linear accelerators are important high-end radiotherapy equipment for tumor radiotherapy. With the application of artificial intelligence technology in medical electron linear accelerator, radiotherapy has evolved from ordinary radiotherapy to today's intelligent radiotherapy. This study introduces the development history, working principles and system composition of medical electron linear accelerators. It outlines the key technologies for improving the performance of medical linear electron accelerators, including beam control, multi-leaf collimator, guiding technology and dose evaluation. It also looks forward to the development trend of major radiotherapy technologies, such as biological guided radiotherapy, FLASH radiotherapy and intelligent radiotherapy, which provides references for the development of medical electron linear accelerators.

Carbon nanotube integrated circuit technology: purification, assembly and integration

Abstract As the manufacturing process of silicon-based integrated circuits (ICs) approaches its physical limit, the quantum effect of silicon-based field-effect transistors (FETs) has become increasingly evident. And the burgeoning carbon-based semiconductor technology has become one of the most disruptive technologies in the post-Moore era. As one-dimensional nanomaterials, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are far superior to silicon at the same technology nodes of FETs because of their excellent electrical transport and scaling properties, rendering them the most competitive material in the next-generation ICs technology. However, certain challenges impede the industrialization of CNTs, particularly in terms of material preparation, which significantly hinders the development of CNT-based ICs. Focusing on CNT-based ICs technology, this review summarizes its main technical status, development trends, existing challenges, and future development directions.

Research analysis of blockchain IOT domain according to knowledge graph

The purpose of this paper is to analyze and organize the research in the field of Blockchain Internet of Things (BIoT) using knowledge mapping technology, in order to get a more comprehensive understanding of the research status and development trend in this field. By organizing and statistically analyzing the relevant literature in the field of blockchain IoT, information on keywords, topics, and hot issues of research in this field is obtained and presented in a visual way. At the same time, this paper also provides an in-depth analysis of the research in the field of blockchain IoT, including technical applications, development trends and other aspects. The research results show that the research in the field of blockchain IoT shows a rapid development trend and has received wide attention from academia and industry sectors. In terms of technical applications, the combination of blockchain technology and IoT technology has brought new ideas and technical means for the development of BIoT field. Meanwhile, with the application of knowledge graph technology, the research in the BIoT field has gradually developed in a more refined and in-depth direction. This study has certain reference value and practical significance for the research in the field of blockchain IoT, and can provide more scientific and accurate guidance for the development and application of this field.

A Voice Disease Detection Method Based on MFCCs and Shallow CNN

The incidence rate of voice diseases is increasing year by year. The use of software for remote diagnosis is a technical development trend and has important practical value. Among voice diseases, common diseases that cause hoarseness include spasmodic dysphonia, vocal cord paralysis, vocal nodule, and vocal cord polyp. This paper presents a voice disease detection method that can be applied in a wide range of clinical. We cooperated with Xiangya Hospital of Central South University to collect voice samples from 352 different patients. The Mel Frequency Cepstrum Coefficient (MFCC) parameters are extracted as input features to describe the voice in the form of data. An innovative model combining MFCC parameters and single convolution layer CNN is proposed for fast calculation and classification. The highest accuracy we achieved was 92%, it is fully ahead of the original research results and internationally advanced. And we use advanced voice function assessment databases (AVFAD) to evaluate the generalization ability of the method we proposed, which achieved an accuracy rate of 98%. Experiments on clinical and standard datasets show that for the pathological detection of voice diseases, our method has greatly improved in accuracy and computational efficiency.

New horizons for hydrography

Compared to the complexity required to measure other physical quantities, the continuous monitoring globally of water levels, current directions, and velocities, as well as the measurement of underwater topography, do not appear ambitious tasks for modern technologies. The challenges lie in the sheer size of the area to be measured, which makes up about 70% of the Earth’s total surface, in its constant variability due to natural processes, the inaccessibility of the seabed, and the still inadequate mathematical modelling of global geophysical processes at the oceanic scale. Since most of the world’s population lives on, from and with the oceans, a demand-oriented provision of hydrographic information is of fundamental importance. Hydrography is called upon to serve this need for information in support of informed decision-making. Starting from the present status and the discernible trends in technical development, this article aims to provide a glimpse into the expected future development up to the end of the current decade.

Technical system, strategy and development trend of excipient innovation research for pediatric preparations

Under the background of the "14th Five-Year Plan" industry development, the pharmaceutical industry has ushered in a critical period of strategic transformation. Pharmaceutical excipients are a major categoryin drugs in addition tomedicinal substances, and the research and development of industrial technologies and innovative products play a decisive role in the development of high-quality drugs. The special drug for children is the focus ofthe pharmaceutical industry in the new era, and the application of standar-dized excipients is a key step indistinguishingbetween adult drugs and special drugs for children. In the context of the policy background in China, this paper reviewed the status quo of excipient industry, technical bottlenecks, application problems of pediatric excipients, and their development hotspots, interpreted the strategic layout of excipient innovation research and development suitable for pediatric preparations, and put forward prospects for their future development technicalroutes to lay a solid foundation for the industry transformation.

Technical Features and Trends of Data Science in Financial Engineering

In the new financial era, the huge amount of data brings more challenges to the traditional financial business and creates unprecedented opportunities at the same time. In the financial industry, the use of data science by financial institutions has significantly deepened, from the traditional "data visualization presentation" to "data-based decision analysis". This paper analyzes the technical characteristics and development trend of data science in financial engineering against the background of rapid development of financial technology.

Application of Aluminum Alloy Cap in Bridge Bearings

<p>In order to improve the combination form of friction pairs of existing bridge bearings and improve the durability of bridge bearings, this paper investigates the technical status and development trend of bridge spherical bearings at home and abroad, draws lessons from European standards, and puts forward a new friction pair of alloy spherical cap combination, which replaces the existing process of spherical cap coated stainless steel plate and chromium plating on the surface of spherical cap, and solves the environmental pollution, corrosion and peeling caused by chromium plating or coated stainless steelof spherical cap, the disadvantages of high line wear and easy to damage the wear plate. Through mechanical property test, line wear test andsalt spray test, the three processes are compared and analyzed, and the advantages of alloy spherical capare demonstrated. Its performance is better, the corrosion prevention is more durable, the manufacturing process is simple, and the mass production cost is low. Then the prototype is trial produced according to the standard, and the test meets the standard requirements, which further proves that the application of this technology to the bridge bearings can ensure the longer service life of the support and the safer bridge structure, This is also a new trend of market development for bridge bearings.</p>

О технических методах снижения числа сбоев в работе основных локомотивных устройств безопасности

Violations in operation of receiving equipment of safety locomotive major devices due to the hindering effect of electromagnetic interference (failures) are a rather frequent phenomenon on the railway network of the Open Joint Stock Company «Russian Railways» in the conditions of electromagnetic environment that has changed dramatically with active introduction of modern electric rolling stock. On the one hand, failures are the result of discrepancy of own parameters and operation algorithm of receiving equipment of safety locomotive major devices opposite interference, existing in inductive coupling channel of automatic locomotive signaling. On the other hand, it is a consequence of the lack of regulatory documentation with uniform established requirements for interference parameters under the influence of which, safety locomotive major devices, primarily built on a relay element base, shall provide for regular operation. Over the past decades, numerous and different by their technical essence attempts have been made to resolve these antagonistic contradictions. This work is one of the first attempts to generalize and analyze the results of pursued research and developments. The work is based on the results of a patent study conducted by the authors in order to identify trends in technical measure development to improve noise immunity in operation of safety locomotive major devices. On their basis, the authors proposed, described in detail and substantiated main technical methods for reducing failure number in the operation of safety locomotive major devices. The obtained results may be of interest to specialists involved in technical servicing, repairment, development and improvement of safety locomotive major devices and will be used further in the development of the theory of locomotive automatic signaling numerical code.

Review on key technologies and typical applications of multi-station integrated energy systems

To realize the low-carbon development of power systems, digital transformation, and power marketization reform, the substation, data center, energy storage, photovoltaic, and charging stations are important components for the construction of new infrastructure. The integration infrastructure represented by multi-station integrated energy systems (MSIESs) represents the development trend, and its connotation and denotation are not immutable. This study firstly analyzed the components of MSIESs and their sub-stations and overall characteristics, and proposed an overall architecture for MSIESs. Thereafter, this system was characterized in detail from three aspects: planning and design, operation control, and market operation. The planning and construction of MSIESs was analyzed from the aspects of planning and design process, typical fusion subsystems, supply and demand prediction, and capacity determination; the operational control of MSIESs was analyzed from the aspects of model construction, coordination control, and safety assessment. Moreover, the market operation of MSIESs was examined from the aspects of the business model and spot market. Furthermore, the technical development trend of MSIESs has been explored in this study.

Technical Characteristics and Development Trend of Printed Circuit Heat Exchanger Applied in Floating Liquefied Natural Gas

The printed circuit heat exchanger with high efficiency and good compactness and reliability presents potential application in the floating liquefied natural gas platform. This paper offers a review on technical characteristics and development trend of the printed circuit heat exchanger applied in floating liquefied natural gas, including the development state of printed circuit heat exchangers, the application state of printed circuit heat exchangers in floating liquefied natural gas, and the key issues for potential application of printed circuit heat exchangers in floating liquefied natural gas. Firstly, the existing research results of heat transfer and pressure drop characteristics of printed circuit heat exchangers with various flow channels are analyzed, and the correlations of the heat transfer coefficients and the pressure drop of these flow channels are summarized. Then, the application state of printed circuit heat exchangers in floating liquefied natural gas is introduced, and the functions of printed circuit heat exchangers used in the existing floating liquefied natural gas facilities are analyzed. Finally, the key issues for applying printed circuit heat exchangers in floating liquefied natural gas, including the structure design criteria, influence mechanism of sloshing conditions on performance, and methods of suppressing the adverse effects of sloshing conditions, are proposed. It is indicated that the present studies focus on the effect of single sloshing motion on the thermal–hydraulic performances of printed circuit heat exchangers, but few attention has been paid onto the coupling effects of multiple sloshing motions which conform more closely to the actual operation conditions of printed circuit heat exchangers in floating liquefied natural gas. Thus, the future work should aim at the influence mechanisms and structure optimizations in terms of thermal–hydraulic performance under multiple sloshing conditions.

ТЕНДЕНЦИИ СОВЕРШЕНСТВОВАНИЯ ТЕХНИЧЕСКИХ СРЕДСТВ И СМЕНЯЕМОСТИ ТЕХНОЛОГИЧЕСКИХ УКЛАДОВ ПРОИЗВОДСТВА

The development of technical means of production contributes to the improvement of technological modes of the economy. To establish trends of updating technical means and form technological modes of the country’s economy, and their interrelation and interdependence, the author has identified and characterized key periods of formation and development of technology, identified key factors of formation and improvement of the technological modes of production, and advanced technical and technological development trends of modern production. It has been established that the acceleration of scientific and technological progress under modern conditions is accompanied by the implementation of scientific achievements in the vital activity of society in the process of the gradual transfer of individual human functions and complex production operations to technical means, transformation of technologies and machinery. Ultimately, machinery is transformed into a machine system. The perfection of the machine system as a whole and coordinated change of each link provide for automation and digitalization of production at qthe ualitatively new technical and technological level, realizing progressive, innovative methods of organization and management of production. The evolution of technology stimulates the activities of the scientific community in the technical and technological segment, and promotes the formation of new technological modes in the national economy. It has been determined that in the process of the historical improvement of production, innovative technical means and technologies become the “driver” of the emergence of new technological modes. A change in the technological mode results from technological progress, accompanied by radical changes in the development of productive forces, renewal of the workforce with competences that meet the requirements of the new technological mode. The country’s transition to the sixth technological mode will ensure the rapid development of all spheres of social production, and at the same time will increase the profitability and competitive advantages of domestic agricultural production.

Technology Topic Identification and Trend Prediction of New Energy Vehicle Using LDA Modeling

As new energy vehicle (NEV) is the future of automobile development, it is of great significance to dig deeper into the technical topics and development trends of new energy vehicles for accurately understanding the technical trends of the new energy vehicle industry, grasping development opportunities, and scientifically formulating strategic plans. This paper takes the patent texts in the field of new energy vehicles from 2000 to 2020 in the patent database of CNKI as the data source, identifies 25 technical topics implied in the patent texts by using the LDA (Latent Dirichlet Allocation) topic model, analyzes the evolution trend of the 25 technical topics in terms of importance and popularity, and predicts the popularity and development trend of each technical topic in new energy vehicles from 2021 to 2025 by constructing the ARIMA model. The popularity and development trend of each technology topic of new energy vehicles in China from 2021 to 2025 are predicted by constructing ARIMA model. Drawing on quantitative evidence, the study found that there are top five technical topics in terms of importance in this field, namely, Topic 8 (Installation and Fixation), Topic 5 (Heat Dissipation), Topic 14 (Vehicle Data Monitoring), Topic 9 (Charging Pile), and Topic 15 (Damping). From 2014 to 2020, the importances of Topic 5 (Heat Dissipation), Topic 8 (Installation and Fixation), Topic 6 (Electric Drive System), Topic 9 (Charging Pile), and Topic 15 (Damping) are gradually rising. In terms of popularity of technical topics, from 2014 to 2020, the first to fifth topics are Topic 20 (Safety), Topic 8 (Installation and Fixation), Topic 3 (Cable Insulation Materials), Topic 15 (Damping), and Topic 10 (Pump Cooling). Based on the prediction of ARIMA model, it is found that the popularity of these five technical topics is steadily increasing from 2021 to 2025, among which the popularity of Topic 20 (Safety) will increase from 63.58 to 113.07, the largest increase in popularity among all technical topics. The paper provides implications for countries dedicated to developing the new energy vehicle industry.

Research on Ammonia-Containing Tail Gas Purification Technologies

NH₃ exhaust emissions have caused serious environmental problems and caught the public attention. As a toxic alkaline gas, NH₃ not only harms the environment but also damages people's health. The national emission standards are becoming increasingly stricter, and higher requirements need to be met for the deep purification treatment of NH₃-containing tail gasses. This study focuses on the development and performance of purification treatment technologies, such as absorption, biological filtration, catalytic degradation, adsorption,and membrane separation methods. A process of studying these technologies for NH₃-containing tail gasses was introduced. In addition, a process simulation of NH₃-containing tail gas purification technology was analyzed using ionic liquids. This study also provides some forecast prospects for the technical development trend of NH₃-containing tail gas purification processes.

Review of Research and Development of Supernumerary Robotic Limbs

Supernumerary robotic limbs (SRLs) are a new type of wearable human auxiliary equipment, which is currently a hot research topic in the world. SRLs have broad applications in many fields, and will provide a reference and technical support for the realization of human-robot collaboration and integration, while playing an important role in improving social security and public services. In this paper, representative SRLs are summarized from the aspects of related literature analysis, research status, ontology structure design, control and driving, sensing and perception, and application fields. This paper also analyzes and summarizes the current technical challenges faced by SRLs, and reviews development progress and key technologies, thus giving a prospect of future technical development trends.

Summary of fatigue durability analysis of whole vehicle

Technical characteristics and development trend of the fatigue durability analysis of the whole vehicle were reviewed in the directions. These existing research results were systematically summarized from the research status, signal acquisition, finite element analysis, load spectrum extraction and fatigue life. Wherein, the strengths and weaknesses of the virtual iteration technology was explained in detail, in which the result evaluation standard was mainly composed of relative damage value; and also the characteristics of fatigue damage theory and analysis method were summarized detailedly; additionally, the practical critical plane method possessed the advantages of the measurable component damage values, but this method still needed to be solved the problems of crack propagation direction. Moreover, according to the existing technology and achievements, reducing model errors and road conditions selection will become the development trends of vehicle fatigue durability technology in the future.