Skin Cancer Trends Research Articles

Analysis of Prevalence, Socioeconomic and Disease Trends of Non-Melanoma Skin Cancer in New Zealand from 2008 to 2022

BackgroundSkin cancer shows geographic and ethnic variation. New Zealand—with a predominantly fair-skinned populations, high UV indices and outdoor lifestyles—has high rates of skin cancer. However, population prevalence data is lacking. This study aimed to determine the demographics and socioeconomic disease trends of non-melanoma skin cancer prevalence in New Zealand from a large targeted-screening study.MethodsA targeted screening programme was conducted among 32,839 individuals, Fitzpatrick Skin Types I to IV in Auckland, New Zealand during the 2008–2022 period. This data was analyzed retrospectively. Linear regression models were used to assess statistical trends of skin cancer prevalence over time, along with associated factors that included demographics, disease trends and overall prevalence.ResultsA total of 32,839 individuals were screened and 11,625 skin cancers were detected. 16,784 individuals were females who had 4,378 skin cancers. 16,055 individuals were males who had 5,777 skin cancers. 54 males and 65 females had multiple skin cancers. The article presents detailed descriptions of tumour types and subtypes detected, age groups, demographic and socioeconomic information. regarding the non-melanoma skin cancers detected.ConclusionOverall men have more non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) than females; however females develop more BCC on the lips. BCC is three times more common in the 31-50 age group, whereas SCC are significantly more prevalent after age 80. Prevalence of BCC has not changed over the 15-year timeframe of the study but SCC has increased. Older ages and higher incomes are associated with higher rates of NMSC in New Zealand.

Incidence Rates and Time Trends of Skin Cancer in Golestan Province, Northeastern Iran, 2005-2018.

Given the significant occurrence of skin cancer in the Middle East and the existing research gap concerning its incidence and trends, this research aimed to study the epidemiology and trend changes of skin cancer in the Golestan province, Northeastern Iran. The Golestan Population-based Cancer Registry's (GPCR's) data bank was utilized to gather information on confirmed skin cancer cases in the province during 2005-2018. We used Poisson regression analysis for comparing incidence rates between groups. P values less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Of 1690 patients (mean age: 62.05±15.83 years), most were male (60.1%) and resided in urban areas (61.5%). The age-standardized rate (ASR) of non-melanoma and melanoma skin cancer was 8.49 and 0.56 per 100000 persons-year, respectively. A notably higher ASR for non-melanoma skin cancer (NMSC) was observed in men (ASR: 10.60; 95% CI: 9.91-11.29) (P<0.01) and urban residents (ASR: 10.19; 95% CI: 9.52-10.82) (P<0.01). There was no significant difference in the ASR of melanoma skin cancer based on gender (P=0.24) and place of residence (P=0.48). The incidence trend of melanoma (estimated annual percent change [EAPC]: -3.28; 95% CI: -18.54 to 14.83) and NMSC (EAPC: 0.39; 95% CI: -3.99 to 4.97) did not differ significantly. During the 14-year study period, the ASR of both types of skin cancer exhibited a consistent pattern, except for NMSC, which showed higher rates among men and urban residents. This should be taken into consideration when formulating preventive and control strategies in the study area.

Aging trends in skin cancer: A long-term observational study in Japan

Aging trends in skin cancer: A long-term observational study in Japan

A Histopathological Study on Primary Cutaneous Malignancies of Surface Epidermis

Introduction: Skin is a complex organ, it’s intricacy allows for a wide range of malignancies. Skin types, geographical latitudes, occupational exposure, sun exposure, and skin protection behaviors may all contribute to skin cancer trends and rates. Some cancers are easily recognised clinically, whereas others require a combination of clinical and histopathological correlation. Aim: To determine the spectrum and frequency of various primary cutaneous malignancies of the surface epidermis based on histomorphological characteristics, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India. Materials and Methods: The present retrospective study was conducted in the Department of Pathology at Katuri Medical College and Hospital, Guntur, Andhra Pradesh, India. The study covered a total of 30 cases of primary cutaneous malignancies of surface epidermis with histopathological confirmation. The study samples included from January 2019 to June 2021 over a 30-month period and the data was collected and analysed in the month of August 2021 and September 2021 from the histopathology records. Typing of these tumours was done by using Haematoxylin and Eosin (H&amp;E) stained sections. All the cases were analysed and divided according to the patient’s age, gender, and tumour location, as well as the tumour’s histological characteristics. Descriptive statistics were used and data was tabulated in frequency and percentages. Results: A total of 30 cases of primary cutaneous malignancies of surface epidermis, were studied, of which 21 (70%) cases were keratinocyte derived cancers and 6 (20%) cases were melanocyte derived cancers. The most frequent keratinocyte tumour was squamous cell carcinoma followed by Basal cell carcinomas. Present study documented three cases of melanocarcinomas, of which two were basomelanocytic tumors and one case was squamomelanocytic tumors. There was slight male preponderance with male to female was 3:2. Most cases distributed in the age group of 61-80 years, followed by 41-60 years. The most frequently involved anatomical site was the head and neck region followed by the trunk region. Conclusion: Skin cancers, at times, may be difficult to diagnose clinically. Hence, histopathological examination is a must for definitive diagnosis. This study highlighted the critical role of histopathology in accurately classifying tumours into distinct morphological types which enables the clinician to make the correct diagnosis and formulate appropriate treatment plan.

Sun-Safe Zones: Investigating Integrated Shading Strategies for Children's Play Areas in Urban Parks.

Although Open Space Ratio is a critical control in the Development Approval process, there are no ultraviolet radiation (UVR) protection guidelines for urban parks. This study explores key strategies for shade provision in children's play areas in urban parks, aiming to promote sun-safe play environments against alarming skin cancer trends. The literature review identified primary issues affecting UVR exposure in public venues, and the research comprises a shade audit of Beaton Park in Dalkeith. The methods involved using virtual park modeling and Shadow Analysis simulations to generate the daily average number of hours in shade for each month. Our recommendations based on this analysis are (a) a minimum canopy cover representing 50% of the entire ground cover; (b) a minimum diameter for a shade (umbrella) of about 2.5 times the diameter of the table; and (c) an ideal umbrella height of 90 cm from the table surface. This research proposes a potential nexus between landscape design and a UVR protection framework for child-friendly Sun-safe Zones (SsZ).

Seasonal variation in diagnosis of cutaneous invasive melanoma and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: A nationwide study in the Netherlands

BackgroundCurrently, there is no study that has reported on the seasonal trends of skin cancer in the Netherlands. This study aimed to investigate seasonal variation in diagnosis of cutaneous melanoma (CM) and cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (cSCC) focusing on different subgroups. MethodsCM diagnosed from 2001 till 2019 and cSCCs from 2001 till 2015 were selected from the Netherlands Cancer Registry. The monthly distribution of CM and cSCC diagnoses were evaluated. Summer-to-winter ratios (SWRs) were calculated overall and stratified by patient and tumour characteristics. ResultsSignificant increases in melanoma incidence were noted over the summer months (SWR 1.39 (CI 1.37–1.40)). This increase was less apparent for cSCCs, as higher incidence rates were observed in the months September-November (SWR 1.13 (CI 1.12–1.14)). The seasonal variation of CM was greater in women and younger people, in superficial spreading melanoma and lentigo maligna melanoma, for the extremities, in thinner lesions, and for stage I at diagnosis. The seasonal variation of cSCC was similar for both sexes, most marked in patients 45‐69 and ≥ 70, and for the extremities. ConclusionsOur findings showed a pronounced seasonal variation in the diagnosis of CM with a peak in the summer months. For cSCC, no evident peak was observed, but an increase in diagnosis was noted in fall. Both CM and cSCC showed strong seasonal effects for the extremities.

Skin Cancer Trends among Residents of the National Leprosy Sanatorium in Japan

Skin Cancer Trends among Residents of the National Leprosy Sanatorium in Japan

The global burden of skin cancer: A longitudinal analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study, 1990–2017

BackgroundDespite efforts toward the earlier detection and prevention of skin cancer, the prevalence of skin cancers continues to increase. Identifying trends in skin cancer burdens among populations can lead to impactful and sustainable interventions.MethodsWe assessed the global trends in skin cancer from 1990 to 2017 in 195 countries worldwide through the Global Burden of Disease Study (GBD) 2017 database.ResultsThe rate of change in skin cancers between 1990 to 2017 varied among countries. Squamous cell carcinomas increased by 310% during this time, the highest among any neoplasm tracked by the GBD. Men experienced greater age-specific prevalence rates of keratinocyte carcinoma across all ages (P < .05). Women had a greater prevalence of melanoma until approximately age 50 years, after which the trend reversed until age 85 years. Men experienced greater age-specific death rates across all ages. The disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) of melanoma and keratinocyte carcinoma increased exponentially with age (P < .05).ConclusionThe incidence, prevalence, and DALYs of skin cancers are increasing disproportionately among different demographic groups. As a worldwide epidemiological assessment, the GBD 2017 provides frequently updated measures of the skin cancer burden, which may help to direct resources and allocate funding to close the gap in global skin cancer disparities.

Incidence and trends of skin cancer in the United States, 1999-2016.

10077 Background: Cutaneous skin cancer is among the most common malignancies in US. While Surveillance, Epidemiology and End Results (SEER) data are vital to estimate its incidence, delays and under-reporting remained major limitations. Surveillance is hindered due to exclusion from states’ reportable diseases and possible outpatient diagnoses’ omission from registries. Thus, exact incidence has not been known. This study determined skin cancer incidence and trends from 1999 to 2016 in a nationally representative sample. Methods: New melanoma, non-melanoma and other skin cancer cases among adults aged ≥20 years were identified in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 1999-2016. Crude and age-adjusted incidences and 95% CIs were estimated by survey year cohorts (1999-2008 and 2009-2016) based on the 2000 US standard population. Sex and age-stratified longitudinal trends were examined in age and sex-adjusted regression models. Statistical analyses accounted for complex survey design with examination sample weight and adjusted for nonresponse. Sensitivity analyses included unadjusted, sex- and age- adjusted modeling. Statistical significance was determined by 2-sided p-value of .05. Results: Among 47,172 adults and 21,192 non-Hispanic whites from 1999-2016, the overall age-standardized incidences of skin cancer per 100000 persons were 390.9 (95% CI: 312-469.7) and 519 (95% CI: 413.8-624.3), respectively. The median age at first diagnosis was 72.2 (mean = 69.8, IQR = 57.5-79.5 years). The incidence was higher in men than women (474.7 vs 313.8 per 100000 persons, p&lt; .001) and increased with older age ( p&lt; .001). Between 1999-2008 and 2009-2016, the incidence was significantly higher in those older than 70, 75 and 80 ( p ≤.01). Rising incidence was also observed in overall population, women, and by approximately 90% among those older than 70. Sensitivity analyses showed similar trends. Conclusions: Our incidence rates for skin cancer were high, particularly in the elderly. From 1999 to 2016, the incidence increased in women and those 70 and older, a concerning observation given the aging population. As understanding susceptible groups has public health implications, our study provided an updated depiction of skin cancer incidence and trends in US. [Table: see text]

Changing Trends of Skin Cancer: A Tertiary Care Hospital Study in Malwa Region of Punjab.

Skin cancer constitutes a small but significant proportion of patients with cancer. Although the presence of eumelanin in dark skin is protective against the development of skin cancer, it is increasingly being diagnosed in the Indian population. To study the profile of skin cancer patients presenting to a tertiary hospital in Malwa area of Punjab, India. Retrospective study was done to analyse the profile of skin cancer patients who attended the institution over one year from 1(st) December 2013 to 30(th) November 2014. A comprehensive review of aetiology and related risk factors was done to correlate the environmental factors with high skin cancer prevalence in this region. Skin cancer constituted (3.18%) 84 out of 2638 patients registered with cancer of all types. The age of the patients was 62±14.2 years and ranged from 27 to 92 yrs. Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) was the most common histological type(46/84, 54.76%) followed by squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) (31/84, 36.91%) and malignant melanoma (MM) (7/84, 8.33%). Male: female ratio was found to be 0.79:1. BCC showed higher female preponderance (p<0.05). Head and Neck was the commonest site involved (p<0.05). Majority (88%) of patients were from rural area. 92% of patients were directly into the profession of agriculture with history of prolonged exposure to sunlight. Skin cancer constitutes a small but significant proportion of patients with cancers. This study highlights a paradoxically increasing trend of BCC and female preponderance. Head and neck is the most common site involved. Exposure to Ultra Violet B (UVB) radiation and higher levels of arsenic in drinking water has been reported to be associated with skin cancers. Limited studies show that levels of arsenic and pesticides were higher in the samples of drinking water in Malwa area of Punjab. Therefore a multipronged strategy to provide safe drinking water supply and discouraging the indiscriminate use of pesticides is recommended.

Validating the use of Medicare Australia billing data to examine trends in skin cancer

Background: Epidemiological data surrounding non-melanomatous skin cancer (NMSC) is highly variable, in part due to the lack of government cancer registries. Several studies employ the use of Medical Australia (MA) rebate data in assessing such trends, the validity of which has not been studied in the past. Conversely, melanoma skin cancer is a notifiable disease, and thus, MA and cancer registry data is readily available. The aim of the current study is to assess the use of MA for epidemiological measures for skin cancers, by using melanoma as a disease sample. Methods: Following ethics approval, data from MA and Victorian Cancer Registry (VCR) from 2004-2008 were extracted. Incidence of MA and VCR unique melanoma cases were compared and stratified by age and local government area (LGA). Regression and a paired-samples t-test were performed. Results: During the study period; 15,150 and 13,886 unique melanoma patients were identified through VCR and MA data sources respectively. An outlier in the >80­ year age group was noted between MA and VCR data. When stratified by age, significant correlation between MA and VCR was observed for all patients (gradient 0.91, R²= 0.936) and following exclusion of >80 patients (gradient 0.96, R²= 0.995). When stratified by LGA, a high degree of observation was observed for all patients (gradient 0.94, R²= 0.977) and following exclusion of >80 patients (gradient 0.996, R²= 0.975). Conclusion: Despite the inclusion of outlier data groups, acceptable correlation between MA and VCR melanoma data was observed, suggesting that MA may be suitable for assessing epidemiological trends. Such principals may be used to validate the use of MA data for similar calculations assessing NMSC trends.

Validating the use of Medicare Australia billing data to examine trends in skin cancer.

Epidemiological data surrounding non-melanomatous skin cancer (NMSC) is highly variable, in part due to the lack of government cancer registries. Several studies employ the use of Medical Australia (MA) rebate data in assessing such trends, the validity of which has not been studied in the past. Conversely, melanoma skin cancer is a notifiable disease, and thus, MA and cancer registry data is readily available. The aim of the current study is to assess the use of MA for epidemiological measures for skin cancers, by using melanoma as a disease sample. Following ethics approval, data from MA and Victorian Cancer Registry (VCR) from 2004-2008 were extracted. Incidence of MA and VCR unique melanoma cases were compared and stratified by age and local government area (LGA). Regression and a paired-samples t-test were performed. During the study period; 15,150 and 13,886 unique melanoma patients were identified through VCR and MA data sources respectively. An outlier in the >80- year age group was noted between MA and VCR data. When stratified by age, significant correlation between MA and VCR was observed for all patients (gradient 0.91, R²= 0.936) and following exclusion of >80 patients (gradient 0.96, R²= 0.995). When stratified by LGA, a high degree of observation was observed for all patients (gradient 0.94, R²= 0.977) and following exclusion of >80 patients (gradient 0.996, R²= 0.975). Despite the inclusion of outlier data groups, acceptable correlation between MA and VCR melanoma data was observed, suggesting that MA may be suitable for assessing epidemiological trends. Such principals may be used to validate the use of MA data for similar calculations assessing NMSC trends.

Nonmelanoma skin cancer trends in Canada: The influence of gender, age and location

nonmelanoma skin cancer trends in Canada: The influence of gender, age and location

Skin cancer, irradiation, and sunspots: the solar cycle effect.

Skin cancer is diagnosed in more than 2 million individuals annually in the United States. It is strongly associated with ultraviolet exposure, with melanoma risk doubling after five or more sunburns. Solar activity, characterized by features such as irradiance and sunspots, undergoes an 11-year solar cycle. This fingerprint frequency accounts for relatively small variation on Earth when compared to other uncorrelated time scales such as daily and seasonal cycles. Kolmogorov-Zurbenko filters, applied to the solar cycle and skin cancer data, separate the components of different time scales to detect weaker long term signals and investigate the relationships between long term trends. Analyses of crosscorrelations reveal epidemiologically consistent latencies between variables which can then be used for regression analysis to calculate a coefficient of influence. This method reveals that strong numerical associations, with correlations >0.5, exist between these small but distinct long term trends in the solar cycle and skin cancer. This improves modeling skin cancer trends on long time scales despite the stronger variation in other time scales and the destructive presence of noise.

40-Year Trends in Skin Cancer in British Columbia, Canada, 1973 to 2003

Skin cancer is common in North America. Incidence rate trends are potentially important in the assessment of the effects of measures to increase sun awareness in the population as well as measures to reduce sun damage. To determine the incidence of basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC), and cutaneous malignant melanoma (CMM) in a geographically defined Canadian population over a 40-year period. Data were obtained from the BC Cancer Registry for the calendar years 1973, 1983, 1993, and 2003. Age-standardized incidence rates increased significantly from 1973 to 2003 for BCC, SCC, and CMM. The ethnic makeup of British Columbia has changed over time, and a novel method of accounting for the effect of this on skin cancer rates is presented. The incidence rate for skin cancers continued to rise in British Columbia, but there appears to have been a decline in the incidence of CMM and BCC in the youngest cohorts.

Skin cancer trends among Asians living in Singapore from 1968 to 2006

Skin cancer trends among Asians living in Singapore from 1968 to 2006

Skin cancer trends among Asians living in Singapore from 1968 to 2006

The incidence rates of skin cancers in Caucasian populations are increasing. There is little information on skin cancer trends in Asians, who have distinctly different skin types. We sought to study skin cancer incidence rates and time trends among the 3 Asian ethnic groups in Singapore. We analyzed skin cancer data from the Singapore Cancer Registry from 1968 to 2006 using the Poisson regression model. There were 4044 reported cases of basal cell carcinoma, 2064 of squamous cell carcinoma, and 415 of melanoma. Overall skin cancer incidence rates increased from 2.9/100,000 in 1968 to 1972 to 8.4/100,000 in 1998 to 2002, declining to 7.4/100,000 in 2003 to 2006. Among older persons (> or = 60 years), basal cell carcinoma rates increased the most, by 18.9/100,000 in Chinese, 6.0/100,000 in Malays, and 4.1/100,000 in Indians from 1968 to 1972 to 2003 to 2006. Squamous cell carcinoma rates among those aged 60 years and older increased by 2.3/100,000 in Chinese and by 1/100,000 in Malays and Indians. Melanoma rates were constant for all 3 races. Skin cancer rates among the fairer-skinned Chinese were approximately 3 times higher than in Malays and Indians, who generally have darker complexions. Although appropriate population denominators were used, lack of data from 2007 could have affected the results for the last time period, which comprised 4 instead of 5 years. Incidence rates of skin cancer in Singapore increased from 1968 to 2006, especially among older Chinese.

Skin cancer trends in Northern Ireland and consequences for provision of dermatology services

The incidence of skin cancer, both melanoma and nonmelanoma skin cancer (NMSC), is rising throughout the world. The evaluation of trends in skin cancer will allow better planning of the future development of skin cancer services. Using data collected from the Northern Ireland Cancer Registry (NICR), the incidence of the three major cutaneous cancers, basal cell carcinoma (BCC), squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) and malignant melanoma (MM), was determined and the workload associated with their management assessed. The records of patients with a first diagnosis of BCC, SCC or MM occurring between 1993 and 2002 were retrieved from the NICR database. The annual age- and sex-adjusted incidence rates of all three skin cancers were computed per 100 000 person-years by direct standardization according to the European Standard Population. Trends in incidence were estimated by calculating the estimated annual percentage change using Microsoft Excel. For patients registered with the NICR as having BCC, SCC or MM, the number of pathological reports where malignant samples had been examined was counted and then summed to provide the number of specimens examined each year between 1993 and 2004. For all three cancers the age-specific rates for both males and females increased with age, except for MM in men aged 75 years and over, where the rates were seen to decrease. Over the 12-year period there was a 62% increase in the overall number of skin cancer samples processed by local pathology laboratories and a 20% increase in the number of patients. These data highlight the fact that many patients will have more than one skin cancer, which reinforces the benefit in collecting data for both patient and sample numbers in order to obtain a true reflection of the workload. The data have also shown that more affluent men and women have higher rates of BCC and MM than their less affluent counterparts. In view of the data presented it is clear that management of NMSC and MM will impose significant demands on services in the years ahead. This will impact on the entire multidisciplinary team. Future planning, in terms of manpower and resources, will prove essential if we are to remain in a position to manage our patients with these malignant tumours appropriately.

Skin cancer trends in northern Jordan

The Jordan Cancer Registry was established in 1996, since which time all cases of cancer have been reported and registered. We have used this registry to perform the first analysis of skin cancer in northern Jordan and to compare our findings with those of published reports from other regions. All histopathologically proven cases of skin cancer, reported during the years 1997 through 2001, were reviewed. Information regarding tumor type, age, gender, and anatomical location was collected. A total of 272 cases of malignant skin tumors were diagnosed between the years 1997 and 2001. Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) was the commonest type, representing 52.9% of all skin cancers. Females were more frequently affected than males, with age-adjusted incidence rates of 23.3 and 19.7 per 100,000 of population, respectively. Squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) comprised 26.4% of the total, its age-adjusted incidence rate per 100,000 of population being 14.2 for males and 6.18 for females. the incidence rate increased in males and decreased in females during the study period. The incidence of both BCC and SCC increased with age. The head and neck region was the commonest site affected by both types of cancer. Malignant melanoma (MM) comprised 11.39% of all skin cancer cases, with a female to male ratio of 1.2 : 1. The median age at onset for female patients was 49 years while that for males was 70 years, and the commonest site affected was the lower limbs, followed by the trunk. In Jordan, sun-related skin cancers have relatively low incidences and a rather stable pattern, compared with other areas with similar climate and skin phenotypes.

Ambulantes Operieren in der Dermatologie

Outpatient surgery in dermatology is likely to become increasingly important in future, for a number of reasons. Current social legislation favors outpatient surgery, because hospitals must justify performing any procedure in the outpatient catalogue on an inpatient basis. The range of conditions being treated is also broadening, for example due to the growing popularity of aesthetic enhancement procedures. Epidemiological trends in skin cancer will also lead to considerable growth in demand for outpatient dermatological surgery. This article analyses current trends in ambulatory dermato-surgery, taking into account social, legislative, hygienic, legal and economic aspects. Measures to promote quality assurance are also described. The difficult cost situation facing outpatient surgery is creating a need for new forms of cooperation between primary care physicians and hospitals.