Trends In Foreign Trade Research Articles

Foreign Trade of Ukraine’s ICT Sector: state and prospects

The article analyses the dynamics, features and structure of foreign trade of the ICT sector of Ukraine in 2008-2022, focusing on the exports and imports of ICT goods and services. It has been determined that the commodity structure of Ukraine’s ICT sector exports is dominated by communication equipment and consumer electronics, and that Ukraine mainly exported ICT goods to European countries, in particular to Hungary, Russia, Moldova, and Austria. At the same time, Ukraine imported the most communication equipment, as well as computer and peripheral equipment, mainly from China and Vietnam. The study of dynamics showed a long-term trend of decreasing exports and increasing imports of ICT goods by Ukraine. Additionally, the trade balance and indices of international trade in ICT goods showed a low level of specialization of Ukraine in the production and export of ICT goods. Having examined the structure of Ukraine's ICT services exports, we found that computer services predominate. The main importers of ICT services from Ukraine include the United States, the United Kingdom, Switzerland, Malta, and other countries. In addition, it has been determined that technology companies from countries that import ICT services from Ukraine have gradually opened their own R&D centres in Ukraine. The study of the dynamics of foreign trade in ICT services during 2008-2022 showed a constant upward trend in the volume and share of ICT services in Ukraine's exports of services. In addition, the calculation of the trade balance and international trade indices for 2008-2022 showed a high level of specialization and competitiveness of ICT services in the Ukrainian economy. The article identifies the main factors and reasons that influenced the trends in foreign trade of the ICT sector of Ukraine. Finally, three possible scenarios for the development of Ukraine's ICT sector over the next few years were outlined.

Export-Led Growth in Bangladesh: A Functional Impact Analysis of Export Performance and its Contribution

Bangladesh has a significant opportunity to boost economic development by increasing its contributions to international trade. Therefore, this study is aimed at presenting the trends of exporting in the early stages of economic development. Bangladesh's foreign trade trends from 2015 to 2019 revealed a positive growth trajectory despite a slight dip in goods imports. The anticipated decline in foreign trade performance in 2020 is reflective of the global challenges faced during the COVID-19 pandemic. Moreover, the rate of receiving foreign exchange from the integrated foreign export of shrimp, leather, shoes, and pharmaceutical products is constantly increasing. The main exports, encompassing products like clothing, raw jute, leather, fish, and frozen seafood, play a vital role in driving the country's export dynamics. The country has achieved remarkable success in export expansion because of the RMG industry. It was found that total exports of goods rose to 37.94 billion U.S. dollars in 2019. However, the subsequent recovery in 2021 is evident, with notable growth in both imports and exports. Despite a persistently negative trade balance, the resilience showcased by Bangladesh in the face of challenges underscores its ability to rebound and adapt to changing circumstances.

ANALYSIS OF THE STATE AND DYNAMICS OF UKRAINE'S FOREIGN TRADE IN FRUIT AND VEGETABLE PRODUCTS UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF A FULL-SCALE INVASION WITH THE PROVISIONS OF THE FTA+ WITH THE EU

ANALYSIS OF THE STATE AND DYNAMICS OF UKRAINE'S FOREIGN TRADE IN FRUIT AND VEGETABLE PRODUCTS UNDER THE CONDITIONS OF A FULL-SCALE INVASION WITH THE PROVISIONS OF THE FTA+ WITH THE EU

TRADE RELATIONS OF THE ALTAI TERRITORY AND THE REPUBLIC OF KAZAKHSTAN IN THE FIELD OF FOOD

Currently, the processes of globalization in the international arena are intensifying, and processes of economic integration are taking place. The Russian Federation and the Altai Territory, as its subject, must look for opportunities to develop foreign economic activity, taking into account international tensions associated with political decisions.
 The Altai Territory and the Republic of Kazakhstan have long-standing historical ties, which continue today in the sphere of economics and trade. Both territories are located at the intersection of many transport routes, which creates additional opportunities for the development of trade relations. One of the main sectors of the economy of the Altai Territory is agriculture. The Republic of Kazakhstan is also a major producer of agricultural products. In this regard, the prospects for the development of trade relations between the Altai Territory and Kazakhstan in this area are very high. Mutual supplies of products can become the basis for strengthening economic ties between them.
 The article analyzes the trends in foreign trade between the two countries and highlights the key problems of the foreign economic partnership between Russia and Kazakhstan, which negatively impact foreign economic, political and cultural relations.

საგარეო სავაჭრო ბრუნვისა და ექსპორტ-იმპორტის გავლენა საქართველოს ეკონომიკაზე

For two years in a row, the economy of Georgia has undoubtedly achieved good results in various directions of the national economy. The country has achieved double-digit economic growth, the volume of investments is increasing, the tourism sector has regained the positions lost due to the coronavirus and their number is increasing, and the GEL is strengthening intensively. The support of the Western partners is great in this. There is no alternative to European orientation for Georgia, but we must go through this path with as few losses as possible and efficiently. Against the background of the difficult situation created in the world, the increased risks, the Russia-Ukraine war, the stable economic growth of Georgia is clearly outstanding and provides a basis for solid optimism. At the same time, the strengthening of the lari in the recent period helped to slow down the inflation of imported goods. However, although the growth rate of nominal wages has increased recently, the total productivity has the dynamics of recovery, which means that at this stage there is no significant pressure on inflation from the labor market. The aggression shown by Russia towards Ukraine and the start of hostilities in the region have a significant impact on the economy of Georgia. The war started by Russia against Ukraine gave rise to new risks, in particular, the sanctions and supply restrictions imposed on Russia due to the hostilities significantly increased the prices of certain categories of goods on the world markets. Consequently, inflation has increased significantly in both developed and developing economies. The harmful influence of the Kremlin at the international level includes many aspects, in which, along with military and political, economic and informational directions are no less important. In the background of the aggressive invasion of the Russian Federation in Ukraine in February 2022 and the unprecedented package of sanctions imposed after the war, the economic aspect has acquired special importance. Among the relations between Russia and Europe, the energy issues came forward with particular intensity. In the recent period, significant positive changes have been made in the economic growth of Georgia, and in these positive changes, construction, financial and insurance activities, transport and warehousing and trade sectors. A special contribution was made by the field of foreign trade. According to him, trends in foreign trade and tourism contributed to economic growth. In particular, in the month of March 2023, we have an approximately 33 percent increase in exports. Georgia is convincingly increasing its export figures, although the country has better utilized its neighbors and is less represented in the western markets. Besides, a large share in the statistics is re-export, i.e. products imported from other countries and then exported from there. Compared to the previous years, the recent growth is in the direction of net exports, but the economics of these indicators show that more can be done in this direction. In January-March of this year, the volume of goods exported from Georgia amounted to $1.5 billion, which is 24.7% more than the corresponding period last year. Local exports (exports without re-exports) make up 52.4% of total exports. This indicator decreased by 13.5% compared to the corresponding period of the previous year and equaled $766.3 million. Along with net exports, the growth of re-exports is also important, because at this time Georgia leaves the role and impression of a reliable partner. Exports have increased, although the indicator has increased mainly at the expense of re-exports. Increasing re-exports means that our trade partners, harmless and not so direct land neighbors, show a certain interest and, most importantly, trust in Georgia. In this regard, our country leaves the role and impression of a reliable partner. Georgia is more actively represented in the neighborhood than in Western countries. Western markets mean EU and America. Of course, we have growth in this direction, but it is desirable to be represented in these markets with higher figures, because they are characterized by a fairly high purchasing power and payment capacity. This requires high quality, safety and price. Net exports, which are very important for the country, have declined relatively, although the figure is better than in previous periods. Local exports make up 54.3 percent of total exports. The mentioned indicator decreased by 10.6% compared to the corresponding period of the previous year and equaled 497.2 million US dollars. -We expect that the positive trend in terms of economic growth will continue in the coming period as well, and we will be able to ensure higher economic growth than was predicted at the beginning of the year, including by international financial institutions. The positive trends and high economic growth observed in the Georgian economy clearly indicate that despite external shocks, geopolitical tensions and challenges, the Georgian economy maintains its stability.

Guatemalan Sugar Industry: Diversity and Trends

The scope of the paper is the presentation of sugar production and foreign trade trends in Guatemala. The following research questions were put forward: What is the diversification of sugar production trends in Guatemala? What is the change, in percent, of foreign trade in Guatemala? The studies that were conducted include documentation, statistical, comparative, and dynamics analysis. The results showed that the Guatemalan sugar industry had different tendencies. As much as 75% of the world’s sugar supply comes from Guatemala. Guatemala produces more sugar than any other nation in the world per acre of sugar cane. The sugar industry is an important sector from the point of view of the labour market. It should be underlined that export depends on quotas. Overall, the number of exports increased.

МЕТОДИЧНІ ЗАСАДИ ЗОВНІШНЬОЕКОНОМІЧНИХ ЗВ’ЯЗКІВ УКРАЇНИ ТА ЄС: АСПЕКТИ ЗОВНІШНЬОЇ ТОРГІВЛІ

The article defines the priority for the economy of Ukraine to expand the spheres of foreign economic relations with the EU countries, which will be based on the mechanisms of foreign trade. A number of economic prerequisites and advantages of expanding foreign economic ties between Ukraine and the EU, which determine trends in foreign trade, are emphasized. The foreign economic relations of Ukraine and the EU are of crucial importance in building a highly developed Ukrainian economy and allow European countries to form a constant supply of many critical goods of high quality and lower prices compared to other countries. Ukraine is characterized by a high foreign trade potential, and for its better use, it is necessary to change approaches to state policy, which will stimulate business, state institutions, and society to develop competitive potential and strengthen partnership ties with European countries. It is through the mechanism of foreign trade that it is possible to strengthen the European integration of our country and obtain new opportunities and resources in building a progressive economy according to the norms of highly developed countries. It is worth noting the already significant results in the development of foreign economic relations between Ukraine and the EU, but in order to ensure higher rates of socio-economic growth, such relations must be deepened and expanded. The important role of the continuation of institutional and structural reforms in our country, which should be intensified and aimed at strengthening the competitive potential of the national economy, has been established. The main stages of the integration of foreign economic relations of Ukraine and the EU are highlighted. The high potential of European integration for the economy of Ukraine has been proved, and in the current conditions, this direction of the development of the national economy is considered the main one, which will ensure post-war recovery and a constant rate of socio-economic growth.

ГОСУДАРСТВЕННОЕ УПРАВЛЕНИЕ ВНЕШНЕЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОЙ ДЕЯТЕЛЬНОСТЬЮ РЕГИОНА В УСЛОВИЯХ ЦИФРОВОЙ ТРАНСФОРМАЦИИ РЕГИОНАЛЬНЫХ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКИХ СИСТЕМ

The purpose of the study is to study the specifics of state management of foreign economic activity of the region in the context of digital transformation of regional economic systems of the Russian Federation. In order to obtain the most accurate and reliable results in the study of the problem, a comprehensive analysis of statistical data reflecting various aspects of the foreign economic activity of the regions is carried out. The experience of the North Caucasus Federal District, which demonstrated negative trends in foreign trade, is analyzed. Four new directions of state management of foreign economic activity of the region, emerging in the context of digital transfor- mation of the economy, have been identified.

PECULIARITIES OF EXPORT-IMPORT OPERATIONS OF AGRICULTURAL PRODUCTS UNDER MARTIAL LAW

The purpose of the article is to study the peculiarities of export-import operations of agricultural products under martial law. The war radically changed the conditions of conducting business, in particular, it affected foreign economic activity. The article examines the peculiarities of export-import operations in the conditions of blockade of sea ports, disruption of stable logistics chains and significant increase in logistics costs. The legislative changes affecting the procedure for carrying out export-import operations with the participation of domestic business entities were analyzed. The article also analyzes the main trends in foreign trade in agricultural products, in particular, grain crops. The issue of the “grain agreement” and its features have been studied. It was established that the regulation of foreign economic activity has positive results. According to the results of the first half of the year, agricultural products maintained a dominant position in the volume of exports from Ukraine, despite the five-month blockade of the main sales channel – ports on the Black Sea. Therefore, the study of export-import operations of agricultural products is an urgent problem. Currently, companies that are just starting to enter foreign markets have a whole arsenal of support tools — from foreign market analytics, educational events and consulting, foreign partner search tools to grants from the state and donor organizations. Prospects for the development of exports in the conditions of war are determined, given the limited economic and organizational capabilities. The conducted analysis of the dynamics of foreign trade of Ukraine, the structure of export of agricultural products, logistical features of trade indicates the need to develop new approaches to the organization of foreign trade under martial law conditions.

Development of Trade and Economic Relations of the BSEC Countries

The importance of international economic integration is underlined by the simultaneous conclusion by countries of regional trade agreements with various integration groups and individual countries, which is typical for Ukraine, which signed the Association Agreement with the EU, a number of free trade agreements and is part of the BSEC, which is especially important given the development of trade in Asia. The purpose of the study is to analyse the foreign trade relations of the BSEC countries and substantiate proposals for their deepening. The method of analysis was used in the work, including historical, abstract-logical, economic-mathematical, etc. The main perspective directions of BSEC cooperation are substantiated as a result of the analysis of scientific works on international economic integration on separation of the Asian region, economic indicators of countries and basic documents of the organization, separate normative-legal acts of Ukraine. The main exporters and importers were identified, the specific features of the BSEC commodity structure were clarified, the main exporting goods were identified, with the separation of agri-food products, foreign trade trends were analysed and some indicators of international trade were identified. The products that occupy the largest share in the country’s exports to the group have been identified, which is a prerequisite for the establishment of joint ventures and can help increase their competitiveness. It was found that the group’s exports increased more than the world, and the main exporters continue to remain so. The growth of intra-regional and total imports of the group was revealed, its structure was analysed. It is determined that the trade balance of most countries was mostly negative. The practical value is to identify the most promising areas of cooperation of the BSEC countries, which should promote their economic development, including – product positions for the development of domestic and extraregional trade, to increase demand inside and outside the region, producers’ incomes and partially solve problems and food security in the world.

Забайкальский край как актор современных российско-китайских внешнеторговых отношений

In the light of improvement and constant deepening of the Russian-Chinese foreign trade relations, the study of the foreign economic attractiveness of the border regions as the territories of greatest conjugation is of particular relevance. The article shows demand for the transit potential of the Trans-Baikal territory – one of the regions of the Russian Federation, which is a border area; examines the dynamics of the region's foreign trade. Based on the analysis of statistical data of the Federal Customs Service of Russia on the volume of exports and imports, as well as the range of goods transported across the border, the local features of foreign trade of Transbaikalye are identified. The article is also devoted to the economic attractiveness of the region for the People's Republic of China. Regional trends in foreign trade are identified and compared with the national ones. The article also pays attention to the contradictions inherent in the foreign economic activity of the Trans-Baikal region and the problems that require attention of the local authorities and other stakeholders. The article highlights the economic advantages that can become «growth points» of the region, suggests the ways to solve problems, considers strategic prospect of the region as a potential contender for the role of «bridge» between the European part of Russia and the countries of the Asia-Pacific region.

Зовнішня торгівля аграрними товарами України в контексті Угоди про асоціацію з Європейським Союзом

The purpose of the article is to establish, based on the analysis, trends in foreign trade and directions for improving the competitiveness of agricultural goods of Ukraine in the EU in the context of the implementation of the Association Agreement. Research methods. In the course of the research the following methods were used: analysis and synthesis, analytical generalizations - during the analysis of foreign trade in agricultural goods; tabular - for clarity of the image of the received results of research; economic and statistical - to assess trends in foreign trade; abstract-logical - in drawing conclusions. Research results. The article analyzes the volume, dynamics, structure of exports and imports of agricultural goods of Ukraine with EU countries, assesses changes in the foreign trade regime, identifies trends and the impact of the implementation of the Association Agreement between Ukraine and the EU on Ukraine's foreign trade. The place and importance of the agricultural sector in European markets are studied. The foreign trade turnover of agricultural goods of Ukraine is determined. The algorithm for assessing the level of competitiveness of agricultural goods is generalized. Scientific novelty. The authors found that, on the one hand, the export orientation of raw materials to the EU market of crop products has increased, on the other hand, there is a high import dependence on finished food products, and the structure of imports is more diversified. Practical significance. Adaptation of Ukrainian legislation in the field of agriculture and sanitary and phytosanitary measures is incomplete and lags behind the planned pace. Ways to diversify exports and increase the profitability of foreign trade in agricultural goods from Ukraine in the EU market are proposed. Tabl.: 1. Figs.: 3. Refs.: 19.

Crisis in Bilateral Economic Cooperation between Russia and Spain

The article examines the dynamics and features of the trade and economic partnership between Spain and Russia from 2014 to the present, considering the latest challenges. The once promising trajectory of the development of bilateral trade and mutual investment has undergone significant tests: in addition to the sanctions pressure of the collective West countries, the situation has been complicated by the global crisis in the world economy, significant changes in world markets for goods and services, and the COVID-19 pandemic. In these conditions, the study of indicators of Russian-Spanish trade and economic interaction is of interest both from the point of view of forming a forecast for the development of bilateral economic relations and highlighting those industries towards which the emphasis in trade and investment is gradually shifting. The question arises: is it possible to return to the indicators of bilateral trade and investment inherent in Russian-Spanish economic relations before the imposition of sanctions? The data on the bilateral trade presented by the Russian and Spanish national statistics differ insignificantly in terms of the total trade turnover but have severe differences at the level of the trade balance. Based on both countries’ statistical databases, the author of the article presents the possible reasons for such discrepancies and considers the general dynamics of the state of foreign trade between Russia and Spain. In addition to stating the negative trends in foreign trade, there are problems in investment cooperation, which until recently was considered one of the “strongholds” of bilateral cooperation under the pressure of sanctions.

TRADE POLICY OF THE EUROPEAN UNION AND THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA UNDER THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC

The pandemic of COVID-19 has influenced all sectors of social life, including the global economy and trade relations. The year of 2020 was marked with significant changes in internal and foreign economic policy of almost all nations. The purpose of the paper is to study the measures taken by the EU and the USA as the world's leading economies to regulate their foreign trade in the global crisis caused by the COVID-19 pandemic. The tasks of the study are to show the influence of the crisis on changes of global trade policy in front of the threat to national security. Methodology. The study is based on the results of statistical analysis of data provided the WTO and the UNCTAD. The authors show an analytical assessment of the foreign trade indicators of the EU and the USA. Methods of comparison and generalization were used to formulate conclusions on regulatory trends in foreign trade of the US and the EU. Results allowed identifying specific features and changes in the regulation of foreign trade of the EU and the US, assessing the impact of the pandemic on their foreign trade. It was found that both mentioned players of the world economy have actively introduced both deterrent and liberalization measures during 2020, which were aimed at providing the domestic market with scarce COVID-related goods. The study shows the transition from export restricting to import liberalizing measures in foreign trade policies from the start of pandemic to the late 2020. Practical implications. Understanding and predicting the possible actions of partners (the US and the EU in this case) in the field of foreign trade regulation is an important practical aspect, which has to be taken into account when developing Ukraine's foreign trade policy. Value/originality. The study of foreign trade policy of the world's leading countries allows us to understand the behavior of governments of the countries that are largely dependent on participation in international trade in their development, to draw conclusions about the most common instruments of foreign trade policy in the time of humanitarian and economic crises.

Analysis and forecasting of Ukrainian agrarian exports to the EU countries

Purpose. The purpose of the paper is to study the state, perspective directions of Ukrainian exports of agricultural products and the introduction of effective forecasting using the method of mathematical modeling of a continuous system of aperiodic components. Methodology / approach. In the process of research, the fundamental provisions of modern economic science were used in relation to the groups of factors influencing the resulting indicators of export, foreign trade trends, methods of statistical analysis to assess the weight of factors influencing the resulting function, as well as modern mathematical methods for forecasting of agrarian exports were implemented. Results. The application of the developed mathematical model and the algorithm based on it, allowed to study the situation with the export of Ukrainian agricultural products to the EU, to identify trends specific to individual countries and the EU market as a whole, to assess the opportunities and prospects of niche markets, expansion nomenclature of export goods. Prognoses were given both on the export prospects of individual goods, product groups, and on the volume of deliveries to the EU. The use of factor analysis for forecasting of export deliveries allowed us to assess the impact of each of the factors and limit their amount. Originality / scientific novelty. For the first time, the method of mathematical modeling of a continuous system based on changes in its aperiodic components was used for efficient and relevant forecasting of agrarian export volumes. Even the stages of application of this method, in particular, the analysis and prognoses for individual items of the nomenclature of export goods, for individual countries – importers make it possible to represent the situation with agrarian exports more accurately and forecast future supplies. Practical value / importance. The proposed mathematical approach for market analysis and forecasting of markets can be used by both market regulators and producers and exporters of agricultural products. These polynomial equations for analysis and prognostication for individual product groups can be directly used in practice.

Trends in foreign agricultural trade and its impact on households in South Africa

This study examines the trends in foreign trade in agriculture focusing on imports and exports for different sub-sectors and the identity of agricultural trade flows with specific regions and countries. Secondly, to understand how agricultural imports and exports improve the living standards of households in South Africa. The study uses a quantitative research approach by analysing trade data from the South African Revenue Services (SARS) and household data from the World Bank and OECD. The threshold vector autoregressive (TVAR) model is employed to establish a nonlinear causal relationship. The Diks-Panchenko nonparametric causality test revealed no causal relationship between the foreign agricultural trade and household consumption and household income in South Africa. However, with the increase of exported agricultural goods from South Africa, there are many significant benefits to South African households.

ПЕРСПЕКТИВЫ РАЗВИТИЯ АГРАРНОГО СЕКТОРА КАЗАХСТАНА

The problems of agricultural production management, the prospects for its development in a crisis (the resource one and pandemic), creation of necessary conditions for the effective activity of commodity producers are considered. The results of the main trade relations for the Republic of Kazakhstan in 2015-2019 and the priorities of the state internal agricultural policy are analyzed within the framework of the geostrategic goals of developing the market for agricultural products, raw materials and food, as well as creating favorable conditions for the activity of an agricultural producer. Basing on the analysis, the main reasons for the existing production problems in the agro-industrial complex of the republic were revealed: production technical and technological ones, underdeveloped production infrastructure, segmental approach to financing agricultural producers and their associations in the absence of comprehensive measures for the development of the agro-industrial sector, low prestige of labor in agriculture, insufficient investment attractiveness and the significant influence of external factors on the production efficiency. The article provides statistical data showing trends in foreign trade in the context of the main types of agricultural products and partner countries. The role of the Chinese agri-food market on the development of Kazakh agricultural production and the consumer market is shown. The role of the One Belt and One Road initiative in the formation of commodity flows, including transit of goods and the economic effect of developing other fields. The features of agricultural production in the crisis are highlighted, which allow the use of digital tools and other economic measures to activate processes in the agricultural sector. The need for active application of republican sustainable development goals that contribute to solving the problems of hunger, poverty and caring for future generations is indicated.

Efficiency of institutional security of integration processes in foreign economic activity of agricultural enterprises of Ukraine

Purpose. The aim of this article is to study the preconditions that contributed to changes in the institutional support of foreign economic activity of agricultural enterprises, to identify trends in foreign trade in agricultural products and to assess the effectiveness of such changes for direct producers of agricultural products. Methodology of research. The abstract and logical method and the method of generalization were used in the research, which allowed to determine the prerequisites for the formation of competitive advantages of domestic agricultural products in the world market, to establish the factors of influence on the change in the institutional support of foreign economic activity of agricultural enterprises. As a result of using the economic and statistical method, a research was made of the trends in the geographical diversification of exports of agricultural products and their processed products under the influence of the institutional environment of foreign economic activity of agricultural enterprises. Findings. The conditions for the development of foreign economic activity of agricultural enterprises are identified, changes in foreign trade in agricultural products and in the flow of foreign direct investment as a result of Ukraine’s economic integration into the world community, in particular the signing of WTO accession agreements and associations with EU countries, are highlighted. As a result of improving methodological approaches to determining the effectiveness of foreign economic activity in the agricultural sector as a result of changes in the institutional environment, proportional changes were established between the indicators of export and intra-economic activity of agricultural enterprises. The positive impact of creating a free trade zone with the EU countries is substantiated, which will encourage domestic agricultural enterprises to adhere to EU standards for the safety and hygiene of agricultural products, especially dairy and meat products. Originality. Methodological approaches to the determination of indicators of the effectiveness of foreign economic activity in the agricultural sector as a result of changes in the institutional environment have been improved, which, unlike the existing ones, comprehensively take into account the results of domestic and export activities of agricultural enterprises. Practical value. The results of the study can be used in the marketing activities of agricultural enterprises in order to build export strategies and search for their own niche in the world market. Key words: institutional support; institutions; foreign economic activity; agricultural enterprises; export; import; price; agricultural products; world market; foreign direct investment.

FISCAL REGULATION OF THE UKRAINIAN CONSUMER MARKET

Introduction. In modern conditions it is important to ensure the competitiveness of one's own country by facilitating the development of high-tech, quality national production, with further stimulation of its exports and protection against fraudulent imports. The research of the state and trends of the consumer market is relevant and necessary for determining the directions and levers of the state's influence on its development. Purpose. The objective of this paper is to research the trends of the Ukrainian consumer market, substantiates possible ways of regulating it with the help of fiscal tools from the point of view of modern protectionism and taking into account globalization and integration requirements. Results. The dynamics and structure of consumer expenditures of households as the main end consumers, the share of imports in the consumer market of Ukraine, foreign trade trends are considered. The import dependence of the consumer market and disturbing tendencies for its strengthening have been revealed. The necessity to support and facilitate the development of national production and deterrence of imports has been identified. Conclusions. The expediency of the implementation of the import substitution policy, the use of fiscal instruments for the development of competitive production with the emphasis on the innovative component is substantiated. Anti-dumping, countervailing and special trade defence measures need to be improved and activated to counteract unfair imports.

Foreign trade trends and forecast of Ukraine

Foreign trade trends and forecast of Ukraine