Trends In Fitness Research Articles

Comparative analysis of fitness coach training systems

The purpose of this study was to identify and study the most effective practices used in coach training systems in various countries of the world. The following methods of scientific cognition were used: comparative analysis, systematic method, and classification. As a result of the conducted research, an in-depth analysis of fitness coach training systems in the United States of America, Norway, Spain, and Kazakhstan was carried out. It was determined that in the American fitness coach training system, a distinctive feature is a high diversity of educational programmes, which is supported by the standardisation of qualifications. In the context of the Norwegian training system, an emphasis was placed on maintaining and developing the principles of health and activity, and on the professional ethics of specialists, including psychological training and interaction with clients. Consideration of the Spanish approach demonstrated the importance of aesthetics and diversity of physical activity for local educational programmes. The specific features of training fitness coaches in Spain also include issues of motivation and psychological training of future specialists. In Kazakhstan, a combination of conventional and innovative methods in the training of fitness coaches has been revealed, which consists in studying the pedagogical approach and introducing the latest trends in fitness. A detailed examination of the above systems helped to identify key differences in approaches to ethics and responsibility of coaches. Based on the analysis, a universal approach to training fitness coaches based on best practices was developed and described.

REVIEW OF INTEGRATING TAI CHI INTO ACADEMIC CURRICULUMS: IDENTIFYING ITS LIMITATIONS AND CHALLENGES IN IMPLEMENTATION

This paper explores the declining interest in Tai Chi among younger demographics, identifying several core issues. The prevalent stereotype that associates Tai Chi primarily with the elderly diminishes its appeal to younger audiences, as its slow, meditative movements lack the excitement found in traditional martial arts. Furthermore, conventional teaching methods often prioritize rigid form and theory over interactive, engaging practices. In an age dominated by digital distractions, activities without immediate gratification struggle to attract attention, with many students gravitating towards high-energy sports that promise quick results. Innovative teaching strategies are essential to rejuvenating interest in Tai Chi. By integrating modern fitness trends, utilizing technology such as apps or virtual trainers, and emphasizing the mental health benefits of Tai Chi, its attractiveness can be significantly enhanced. Developing a dynamic curriculum that balances theoretical understanding with practical application while including interactive elements can deepen student engagement. Additionally, highlighting Tai Chi's versatility and real-world applications can pique interest, as can combating stereotypes through the promotion of young, charismatic practitioners on social media platforms. The proposed strategies aim to reposition Tai Chi as a relevant and appealing practice for today’s youth, fostering a new generation of practitioners.<p> </p><p><strong> Article visualizations:</strong></p><p><img src="/-counters-/soc/0796/a.php" alt="Hit counter" /></p>

2025 ACSM Worldwide Fitness Trends: Future Directions of the Health and Fitness Industry

Apply It! • Identify predictions for the top 20 fitness trends in the United States and across the globe for 2025. • Utilize data informed decision making to promote physical activity in the commercial, clinical, corporate, and community fitness sectors. • Evaluate trend themes across regions to support consumer health and fitness.

The Employer Perspective

Apply It! By reading this article, you will: • Gather insight from key industry stakeholders on the latest fitness trends identified in the 2025 Trends report. • Learn how industry stakeholders use the Trends report to inform their strategic planning and decision-making processes. • Understand alignment of 2025 Trends report and real-world trends, through the perspective of industry stakeholders.

International Commentary of the Worldwide Survey of Fitness Trends

International Commentary of the Worldwide Survey of Fitness Trends

Analysis of the Effectiveness of Multi-Armed Bandit Algorithms in Crop Pricing

This study explores the application of multi-armed bandit (MAB) algorithms in dynamic pricing of crops, with a focus on evaluating the adaptive upper confidence bound (asUCB) and Thompson Sampling (TS) algorithms. Through simulation experiments on historical data, the study analyzed the performance of these algorithms in fitting actual market price trends and responding to future price fluctuations. The results indicate that the asUCB algorithm performed particularly well in both the training dataset and simulation tests, demonstrating low mean squared error (MSE) and minimal cumulative regret, reflecting its rapid convergence and stable pricing capabilities. In contrast, although the TS algorithm initially performed slightly less effectively, it demonstrated unique advantages in dealing with market volatility due to its strong adaptability. This study demonstrates the potential application of MAB algorithms in dynamic pricing, providing valuable insights for pricing strategies in the agricultural product market.

Secular trends in underweight, overweight, and physical fitness of girls and boys aged 16–18 in eastern Poland from 2006 to 2016–2021

Introduction: Significant changes in the nutrition and physical fitness of children and adolescents have been observed in many countries around the world. The purpose of this study is to determine the changes in the prevalence of underweight, normal BMI, and overweight, as well as in the physical fitness of girls and boys from eastern Poland. Materials and methods: The study was conducted over the years 2006–2021. BMI was calculated, and physical fitness was assessed using the EUROFIT test. The results were statistically analyzed. Results: Minor changes in underweight were observed, and even a re-duction in its prevalence among girls was noted. However, a significant increase in the frequency of overweight was identified. Meanwhile, a decrease in the level of physical fitness in both girls and boys was recorded. These changes, however, were not uniform across all fitness abilities. Conclusions: The systematic decline in physical fitness among the examined girls and boys, particularly in cardiovascular-respiratory endurance, underscores the necessity for continued regular monitoring of the health of children and adolescents.

Thermal Emissions of Active Craters at Stromboli Volcano: Spatio‐Temporal Insights From 10 Years of Satellite Observations

AbstractOpen‐vent volcanoes continuously emit magmatic products and frequently feature multiple adjacent craters. Temporal shifts of thermal emissions between craters are especially detectable by InfraRed satellites. Here, SENTINEL‐2 and LANDSAT‐8/9 Short Wave InfraRed (SWIR) high‐spatial resolution satellite data, are combined to investigate 10 years (2013–2023) of thermal activity at Stromboli volcano (Italy). The correlation between Volcanic Radiative Power (VRP, in Watts) and Volcanic Radiative Energy (VRE, in Joules), retrieved by moderate MODIS and VIIRS Middle InfraRed (MIR) data, with the Thermal Index SWIR (TISWIR) data, allows us to quantify long‐term series of heat fluxes (VRPSWIR) and energy (VRESWIR). Combining moderate and higher spatial resolution data and fitting cumulative trends of TISWIR with VREMIR allows to measure thermal activity sourced by single craters during Strombolian activity. Long‐term results highlight that thermal emissions are clustered in the northern and southern parts of the crater terrace, with total energy emitted (∼12 × 1014 J) equally distributed. The thermal increase since April 2017 marked a reactivation of shallow magma transportation and an intensification of the activity after the 2014 eruption. Distinct thermal behaviors are shown by the NE, C, and SW craters, related to mechanisms of explosions. We found that short‐term thermal variations match well those resolved by ground‐based signals, and the NE crater as the most sensitive to the transition to higher‐intensity activity. Our multispatial/multisensory investigation allows, for the first time, the long‐term quantification of heat flux from Stromboli's craters, with an improved understanding of open‐vent dynamics and a new approach to monitor multiple active craters.

Children With Cardiac Disease and Heat Exposure: Catastrophic Converging Consequences?

To highlight the worrying paucity of investigative research aimed at differentiating how higher ambient temperatures further tax an already compromised cardiovascular system in children. This commentary describes basic thermoregulatory concepts relevant to the healthy pediatric population and summarizes common heart diseases observed in this population. We describe how heat stress and exercise are important factors clinicians should more readily consider when treating children with heart disease. Countermeasures to physical inactivity are suggested for children, parents, clinicians, and policymakers to consider. As sudden, excessive heat exposures continue to impact our rapidly warming world, vulnerable populations like children with underlying heart conditions are at greater heat health risk, especially when coupled with the negative physical activity and fitness trends observed worldwide.

Validity of Current Smartwatches for Triathlon Training: How Accurate Are Heart Rate, Distance, and Swimming Readings?

Smartwatches are one of the most relevant fitness trends of the past two decades, and they collect increasing amounts of health and movement data. The accuracy of these data may be questionable and requires further investigation. Therefore, the aim of the present study is to validate smartwatches for use in triathlon training. Ten different smartwatches were tested for accuracy in measuring heart rates, distances (via global navigation satellite systems, GNSSs), swim stroke rates and the number of swim laps in a 50 m Olympic-size pool. The optical heart rate measurement function of each smartwatch was compared to that of a chest strap. Thirty participants (15 females, 15 males) ran five 3 min intervals on a motorised treadmill to evaluate the accuracy of the heart rate measurements. Moreover, for each smartwatch, running and cycling distance tracking was tested over six runs of 4000 m on a 400 m tartan stadium track, six hilly outdoor runs over 3.4 km, and four repetitions of a 36.8 km road bike course, respectively. Three swimming protocols ranging from 200 m to 400 m were performed in triplicate in a 50 m Olympic-size pool, evaluating the tracked distance and the detected number of strokes. The mean absolute percentage errors (MAPEs) for the average heart rate measurements varied between 3.1% and 8.3%, with the coefficient of determination ranging from 0.22 to 0.79. MAPE results ranged from 0.8% to 12.1% for the 4000 m run on the 400 m track, from 0.2% to 7.5% for the 3.4 km outdoor run, and from 0.0% to 4.2% for the 36.8 km bike ride. For the swimming tests, in contrast, the deviations from the true distance varied greatly, starting at a 0.0% MAPE for the 400 m freestyle and reaching 91.7% for the 200 m medley with style changes every 25 m. In summary, for some of the smartwatches, the measurement results deviated substantially from the true values. Measurements taken while road cycling over longer distances with only a few curves were in relative terms more accurate than those taken during outdoor runs and even more accurate than those taken on the 400 m track. In the swimming exercises, the accuracy of the measured distances was severely deteriorated by the medley changes among the majority of the smartwatches. Altogether, the results of this study should help in assessing the accuracy and thus the suitability of smartwatches for general triathlon training.

Time series clustering based on polynomial fitting and multi-order trend features

Time series clustering serves as a potent data mining method, facilitating the analysis of an extensive array of time series data without the prerequisite of any prior knowledge. It finds wide-ranging use across various sectors, including but not limited to, financial and medical data analysis, and sensor data processing. Given the high dimensionality, non-linearity, and redundancy characteristics associated with time series, conventional clustering algorithms frequently fall short in yielding satisfactory results when directly applied to this kind of data. As such, there is a critical need to judiciously select suitable feature extraction methods and dimension reduction techniques. This paper introduces a time series clustering algorithm, drawing primarily from polynomial fitting derivative features as a wellspring for feature extraction to achieve effective clustering results. Initially, Hodrick Prescott (HP) filtering comes into play for the processing of raw time series data, thereby eliminating noise and redundancy. Subsequently, polynomial curve fitting (PCF) is applied to the data to derive a globally continuous function fitting this time series. Next, by securing multi-order derivative values via this function, the time series is transformed into a multi-order derivative feature sequence. Lastly, we designed a polynomial function derivative features-based dynamic time warping (PFD_DTW) algorithm for determining the distance between two equal or unequal granular length time series, and subsequently a hierarchical clustering method anchored on the PFD_DTW distances for time series clustering after computing interspecies distances. The effectiveness of this method is corroborated by experimental results obtained from several practical datasets.

Temporal trends and distributional changes in cardiorespiratory fitness among Chinese children and adolescents from 1985 to 2019.

The aim of this study was to analyze the temporal trends in cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) and body mass index (BMI) among children and adolescents from 1985 to 2019. A total of 1 840 212 children and adolescents aged 7-18 years (921 223 boys) were tested for CRF from 1985 to 2019. CRF was tested by 50-m × 8 shuttle run for boys and girls aged 7-12 years, 1000-m run for boys aged 13-18 years, and 800-m run for girls aged 13-18 years. Trends in BMI from 2000 to 2019 were also investigated. Cardiorespiratory fitness decreased during the entire 34 years among children and adolescents in all sex and age categories, and the most rapid decline occurred from 1995 to 2005. Some positive trends in CRF were observed among adolescents aged 13-15 years from 2005 to 2019 and among girls aged 16-18 years from 2014 to 2019. The variation in the CRF distribution was not uniform, with Z-scores for participants with high CRF levels changing little or increasing (CRF stabilized or improved) and Z-scores for participants with low CRF levels continuing to decrease (CRF decreased). BMI increased over time for boys and girls in all age categories, with an acceleration of the increase for adolescents in recent years. This study revealed that the overall CRF levels of Chinese children and adolescents decreased over three decades but stabilized or improved in recent years. BMI continued to increase. Our findings are important for the focus on future domestic physical fitness and public health.

“Secular trends (2001–2020) in physical fitness as a health component in physiotherapy students from Bydgoszcz (Poland)”

The aim of this study was to assess changes in the components of physical fitness that are conducive to the health of young people surveyed between 2001 and 2020. Hypotheses were formulated about an increase in the thickness of skinfolds, especially among women, the deterioration of the results of fitness tests and the lack of conditioning of the examined changes with socioeconomic factors. Every year, physiotherapy students at the Collegium Medicum in Bydgoszcz, Nicolaus Copernicus University in Toruń (Poland) were examined for body height and mass, skinfold thickness, flexibility, static strength, abdominal muscle strength, functional strength and endurance. The results were obtained from 1161 female students and 464 male students. Similar trends were observed for most of the studied characteristics in people of both sexes. In male students, secular trends towards a decrease in the thickness of biceps skinfolds (R2 = 0.455, p = 0.002) and lower leg skinfolds (R2 = 0.314, p = 0.015) were found. In female students, secular trends towards an increase in the body mass (R2 = 0.41, p = 0.003), a decrease in the thickness of skinfolds over the biceps (R2 = 0.477, p = 0.001) and decreased flexibility (R2 = 0.283, p = 0.023) were found. Male sex and the thickness of suprailiac skinfolds were frequent predictors of the, assessed motor abilities and socioeconomic factors did not significantly affect their maintenance. The obtained results, except for a few secular trend examples of the somatic features (male student’s age and calf skinfold, female student’s body mass, male and female student’s biceps skinfold) and flexibility in women, showed their stability and the lack of conditioning by social factors and by the fitness test. Attention to the appropriate level of the observed components is justified, especially in light of the identified trend that showed their deterioration.

Association between time of assessment within a school year and physical fitness of primary school children

The dissociation of effects of age, time of assessment and cohort is a well-known challenge in developmental science. We examined effects of time of assessment in the school year on children’s physical fitness using data from 75,362 German third-graders from seven cohorts. Children were tested once either in the first or second school term of third grade. Tests examined cardiorespiratory endurance (6-min run), coordination (star-run), speed (20-m sprint), lower (standing long jump) and upper (ball-push test) limbs muscle power, and flexibility (stand-and-reach test). We estimated the effect of time of assessment using a regression discontinuity design specified in a linear mixed model with random factors child and school and adjusted for age, sex, and cohort effects. Coordination, speed, and upper limbs muscle power were better in second compared to first school term, with boys exhibiting a larger increase of upper limbs muscle power than girls. There was no evidence for changes in cardiorespiratory endurance, lower limbs muscle power, and flexibility between assessments. Previously reported age and sex effects as well as secular fitness trends were replicated. There is thus evidence for improvement of some physical fitness components beyond age and cohort effects that presumably reflects the benefit of physical activity in physical education and other settings. Effects of assessment time should be taken into consideration in performance-based grading or norm-based selection of children.

(Re)claiming subversive spaces on TikTok: the complexities of body activisms within physical activity cultures

ABSTRACT Feminist organising in digital spaces, such as social media, has the potential for activism, resistance, and visibility; yet these spaces continue to be dominated by narrow body representations and shaped by unequal power dynamics. We propose that bodies of difference may find vibrant and difference-affirming homes within their digital communities via innovative algorithm-based social media spheres, such as TikTok. Using a creative methodological mashup that we call a ‘collaborative digital autoethnography’, we explored our experiences of difference-affirming hashtags (e.g. #CurvyGym, #DisabledFitness, #QueerFitness) and creators who shared explicitly inclusive and/or subversive content (e.g. #ThickTocker). Using reflexive thematic analysis and thinking with/through Safiya Noble’s work on algorithms of oppression, we developed four themes: #TheFringe, #(Re)claimingFlesh, #CircleOfSurveillance, and #TheWrongSideOfTikTok. In #TheFringe, we found normatively embodied creators who used TikTok as a space to question normative fitness trends – content that helped build our difference-affirming algorithmic space. In #(Re)claimingFlesh, fat-positive creators used TikTok to unapologetically reveal or grab body fat/flesh, and TikTokkers re-storied their body-related journeys by flipping the script of harmful body surveillance (i.e. #CircleOfSurveillance). Lastly, some creators shared grievances about the (oppressive) algorithms of TikTok that banished them to #TheWrongSideOfTikTok. We provide reflexive accounts of our own embodied differences while exploring the TikTok platform, searching for spaces that affirm our bodies while contending with algorithmic oppression. We conclude by discussing TikTok as a platform where powerful collective activism and revolution can form, yet always in contention with trolling, hate, and harmful algorithms that constrain activist movements within sport, exercise, and health contexts.

Physical fitness decline and career paths: a longitudinal study of medical undergraduates

IntroductionExercise enhances one's health and competitiveness. A strong physical fitness status can pave the way for a promising future. This study presents the time-based trends in physical fitness indicators—including height, weight, BMI, lung capacity, dash, long-distance running, and standing long jump—among medical undergraduates during their university years. Additionally, we analyzed the impact of students' physical fitness on their career paths.MethodWe conducted a retrospective database study by collecting physical fitness test data and career paths information for 634 medical students from a university in southwestern China. These students graduated in 2022. The career paths included pursuits in further studies, employment, and unemployment. To detect differences in these aspects, we used the t-test and Chi-square test.ResultsOur study indicates a significant declining trend in the physical fitness of medical students during their university years. The changes observed between the first and fourth tests are as follows:Weight (kg): 58.52 ± 10.48 to 60.73 ± 12.07, P < 0.00BMI (kg/m^2): 20.79 ± 2.74 to 21.24 ± 3.06, P < 0.0050-m dash (s): 8.91 ± 0.99 to 9.25 ± 1.11, P < 0.00Standing long jump (cm): 187.74 ± 30.98 to 182.59 ± 32.25, P < 0.00800-m run for females (min): 3.84 ± 0.47 to 4.48 ± 0.85, P < 0.001000-m run for males (min): 3.98 ± 0.63 to 4.62 ± 0.87, P < 0.00Sit-ups for females (count): 30.39 ± 7.5 to 29.03 ± 8.82, P < 0.00Upon analyzing the correlation between changes in physical fitness and career paths, students with stable or decreased BMI had better post-graduation outcomes compared to students with increased BMI.ConclusionsMedical students show a declining trend in physical fitness during their undergraduate years. A good physical health status is beneficial for achieving better career paths. Medical students should place greater emphasis on physical exercise during their time in school.

FITNESS AND WELLNESS ACCORDING TO COACHING DIRECTION CONCEPTUAL APPROACH

In the last decade, in the world health maintenance and fitness of the field development along with, various reasons according to physical exercise with depends individuals to the concept of " coaching ". interest increased. Indeed, American Sports medicine college information according to fitness according to coaching and health according to coaching is also in the world fitness trends according to the first to ten enters This of research purpose health storage and fitness institutions and managers and their employees for fitness and wellness concepts clarification through their differences open is to give.

Physical fitness levels and trends of kindergarteners in Hong Kong during the COVID-19 pandemic

Background/objectivesThe study aimed to examine the physical fitness and activity levels of kindergarteners in Hong Kong during the coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic. MethodsA total of 2052 kindergarteners (48% girls; 32.9% Grade 1, 34% Grade 2, and 33.1% Grade 3) were recruited from July 2020 to November 2021. Participants completed the physical fitness tests, including body composition, flexibility, lower-limb muscle strength, upper-limb muscle strength, lower-limb muscle endurance, and agility. Children's physical activity and overall well-being were examined using parental proxy reports. Parents also reported their physical activity and parental support to children's physical activity engagement, as well as their perception of children's kindergarten physical activity environment. Fitness differences by age and gender were analyzed using one-way ANOVA and ANCOVA measuring effect size with partial eta-squared. Additionally, correlations assessed the relationship between children's fitness and parents' proxy reports. ResultsThe results of the physical fitness tests were higher than those in previous studies conducted by the Physical Fitness Association of Hong Kong in 2015–2018. Gender-based differences were observed in most tests for children aged 4 years and older, with boys showing higher scores in the standing long jump, shot put, and balance tests, while girls had higher scores in the sit-and-reach test. Parents' proxy questionnaire answers indicated that children's continuous jump test performances were significantly related to their frequency of physical activity per week (r = 0.19, p < 0.001), and that children's health was significantly and positively correlated with their fitness level (r = 0.179, p < 0.009). Inadequate school physical activity was associated with poor upper-limb strength (r = 0.078, p < 0.005). Moreover, a high level of parental support for their children's participation in physical activity was correlated with a high level of parental participation in vigorous-intensity physical activities (r = 0.167, p < 0.005). ConclusionThe physical fitness of children in Hong Kong was less affected by the epidemic. Parents' healthy behaviors and support were related to children's participation in PA. Efforts to improve children's physical fitness and motor development should include parent education and physical activity involvement.

Changes in Somatic Indicators, Body Posture and Health-Oriented Fitness among Younger School-Age Female Pupils

Background and Aim of Study: Currently, we are observing a worsening trend in the field of health-oriented fitness and postural health of the school population. The aim of the research was to compare and expand knowledge in the areas of monitoring somatic changes, indicators of health-oriented fitness, motor performance, and body posture among 10-year-old female school populations. Material and Methods: The sample consisted of ????n=292 female pupils, with n=150 from 2012 and n=142 from 2022 at the elementary school in Žilina (ZA), Slovakia. An ex post facto study was applied. Standardized methods of measurement and testing applicable for school practice were used to obtain data. Differences between groups of female pupils were examined using the Kruskal-Wallis H-test and the Mann-Whitney U-test. To determine the effect size and measure the difference in average values, Cohen's d and r were used. The differences found were evaluated at the (p&lt;0.05) level of statistical significance. Results: When comparing the average body weight of female pupils from ZA in 2012 and 2022, we found a significant difference (p&lt;0.05) (H=4.87, p=0.02733) in favor of female pupils from 2012. The same finding in favor of female pupils from 2012 was recorded when comparing the average body mass index (BMI) (H=4.8182, p=0.02816), as well as in evaluating the average health-oriented fitness using the Ruffier test (H=13.1965, p=0.00028). The Beep test was also used to evaluate the endurance abilities of female pupils, where current ZA female pupils in 2022 showed significantly worse results (H=5.752, p=0.01647). Similarly, we also observed significant (p&lt;0.05) worse findings in overall body posture among female pupils from ZA in 2022. Conclusion: On the basis of our findings, we consider the current state of body weight, posture, health-oriented physical fitness and endurance skills in younger school-aged girls to be unsatisfactory and health-threatening. It is necessary to further deal with the stated facts and look for preventive measures. These findings indicate a declining and deteriorating trend in health-oriented fitness in relation to body weight, body posture, and endurance abilities.

Comparison of global fitness trends: A systematic review

&lt;p&gt;自 2006 年以來，美國運動醫學會 (ACSM; American College of Sports Medicine) 每年都會進行全球健身趨勢調查，提供相關業者了解健康與健身行業的趨勢，可作為未來商業決策的參考依據。2017 年開始，有不同國家學者依循 ACSM 的調查方式針對該國或地區的健身趨勢進行調查，藉此了解不同區域性的健身趨勢情形。目的：(1) 探討近 5 年、10 年全球健身趨勢變化、(2) 比較全球與美國健身趨勢的異同、(3) 全球與中國健身趨勢的異同、以及 (4) 2022 年各國健身趨勢之異同。方法：藉由 PubＭed 以及 Scopus 等電子資料庫進行文獻搜尋，搜尋日期 2022 年 5 月。結果：經過篩選最後納入 35 篇文章進行系統性文獻回顧。依文獻研究調查的區域分類：全球健身趨勢調查共 16 篇；區域性健身趨勢調查共 6 篇；單一國家健身趨勢調查共 13 篇。結論：本研究主要發現，(1) 近五年 (2022 &amp;ndash; 2018 年) 全球熱門健身趨勢依序為穿戴科技、高強度間歇訓練、徒手訓練、私人訓練、高齡者健身計畫；其中穿戴科技、私人訓練、高齡者健身計畫相較近 10 年 (2022 - 2013年) 呈上升趨勢；(2) 全球健身趨勢與美國健身趨勢幾乎完全相同；(3) 有別於全球健身趨勢，中國健身趨勢更著重於減重相關的議題 (健康飲食、兒童和青少年運動、有氧健身) 以及健身專業與傷害相關的議題 (核心訓練、健身專業人士的認證與教育、運動傷害預防與復健)；(4) 2022 年各國與全球健身趨勢大約有 55 &amp;ndash; 75 % 的相同之處，換言之有 25 &amp;ndash; 45 % 具有當地特異性。&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;&lt;p&gt;Since 2006, the American College of Sports Medicine (ACSM) has been conducting an annual global fitness trend survey to provide related practitioners with insights into the health and fitness industry trends, serving as a reference for future business decisions. Starting in 2017, scholars from different countries have followed the ACSM’s survey approach to investigate fitness trends specific to their regions, thereby understanding regional variations in fitness trends. Purpose: The purpose of this study were: (1) to explore the changes in global fitness trends over the past 5 and 10 years, (2) to compare global and US fitness trends, (3) to compare global and China fitness trends, and (4) to identify differences in fitness trends among countries in 2022. Methods: A systematic literature review was conducted through electronic databases such as PubMed and Scopus, with a search date in May 2022. Results: After screening, a total of 35 articles were included for review, categorized as follows: 16 global fitness trend surveys, 6 regional fitness trend surveys, and 13 surveys focused on a single country. Conclusion: The main findings of this study are as follows: (1) The top five global fitness trends in recent years (2022-2018) were wearable technology, high-intensity interval training, body weight training, personal training, and fitness programs for older adults. Wearable technology, personal training, and fitness programs for older adults showed an upward trend com-pared to the previous ten years (2022-2013). (2) Global fitness trends are almost identical to fitness trends in the US. (3) In contrast to global fitness trends, China’s fitness trends focus more on weight-related issues (healthy diet, exercise for children and adolescents, and aerobic fitness) and fitness professional education and injury-related concerns (core training, certified education for fitness and health professionals, and prevention and rehabilitation of sports injuries). (4) The fit-ness trends in different countries in 2022 had approximately 55-75% similarity with global trends, indicating 25-45% of localized characteristics.&lt;/p&gt; &lt;p&gt;&amp;nbsp;&lt;/p&gt;