Trend Upwards Research Articles

Trends in satellite-based ocean parameters through integrated time series decomposition and spectral analysis: 1. chlorophyll, sea surface temperature, and sea level anomaly

Abstract This study investigated trends in satellite-based chlorophyll-a (Chl-a; 1998–2022), sea surface temperature (SST; 1982–2022), and sea level anomaly (SLA; 1993–2021) from the European Space Agency’s Climate Change Initiative records, integrating time series decomposition and spectral analysis. Trends in parameters signify prolonged increases, decreases, or no changes over time. These are time series in the same space as original parameters, excluding seasonalities and noise, and can exhibit nonlinearity. Trend rates approximate the pace of change per time unit. We quantified trends using conventional linear-fit and three incrementally advancing methods for time series decomposition: simple moving average (SMA), seasonal-trend decomposition using locally estimated scatterplot smoothing (STL), and multiple STL (MSTL), across the global ocean, the Bay of Bengal, and the Chesapeake Bay. Challenges in decomposition include specifying accurate seasonal periods that are derived here by combining Fourier and Wavelet Transforms. Globally, SST and SLA trend upwards, and Chl-a has no significant change, yet regional variations are notable. We highlight the advantage of extracting multiple periods with MSTL and, more broadly, decomposition’s role in disentangling time-series components (seasonality, trend, noise) without resorting to monotonic functions, thereby preventing overlooking episodic events. Illustrations include extreme events temporarily counteracting background trends, e.g., the 2010–2011 SLA drop due to La Niña-induced rainfall over land. The continuous analysis clarifies the warming hiatus debate, affirming sustained warming. Decadal trend rates per grid cell are also mapped. These are ubiquitously significant for SST and SLA, whereas Chl-a trend rates are globally low but extreme across coasts and boundary currents.

Comprehensive analysis of classroom microclimate in context to health-related national and international indoor air quality standards.

Indoor air quality (IAQ) and indoor air pollution are critical issues impacting urban environments, significantly affecting the quality of life. Nowadays, poor IAQ is linked to respiratory and cardiovascular diseases, allergic reactions, and cognitive impairments, particularly in settings like classrooms. Thus, this study investigates the impact of indoor environmental quality on student health in a university classroom over a year, using various sensors to measure 19 environmental parameters, including temperature, relative humidity, CO2, CO, volatile organic compounds (VOCs), particulate matter (PM), and other pollutants. Thus, the aim of the study is to analyze the implications of the indoor microclimate for the health of individuals working in the classroom, as well as its implications for educational outcomes. The data revealed frequent exceedances of international standards for formaldehyde (HCHO), VOC, PM2.5, NO, and NO2. HCHO and VOCs levels, often originating from building materials and classroom activities, were notably high. PM2.5 levels exceeded both annual and daily standards, while NO and NO2 levels, possibly influenced by inadequate ventilation, also surpassed recommended limits. Even though there were numerous exceedances of current international standards, the indoor microclimate quality index (IMQI) score indicated a generally good indoor environment, remaining mostly between 0 and 50 for this indicator. Additionally, analyses indicate a high probability that some indicators will exceed the current standards, and their values are expected to trend upwards in the future. The study highlighted the need for better ventilation and pollutant control in classrooms to ensure a healthy learning environment. Frequent exceedances of pollutant standards can suggest a significant impact on student health and academic performance. Thus, the present study underscored the importance of continuous monitoring and proactive measures to maintain optimal indoor air quality.

Environmental Ethnography

Environmental ethnography is discussed here from involvement with a local government authority in Aotearoa New Zealand focused on soil, water and land management. Climate change and environmental degradation are making such local government work more difficult and expensive. As costs trend upwards and new rules are applied, community challenges to local authorities increase. Environmental ethnography identifies constraints on the organisational ability to meet infrastructural needs to produce environmental solutions locally. Some constraints are internal (organisational), some are local (community beliefs and attitudes), but the most significant constraints are external to local agencies. In ethnographic terms, working with local and national environmental authorities is a process of learning from staff, scientists, and administrators. Māori and Pākehā communities’ efforts to manage their local destinies provide insights into pressures on local government organisations. Landowners’ expectations and politicised discourses of climate denial or deferral also constrain day-to-day local authority work. Three intersections of local authority organisations' actions and local communities’ responses emerge from reflecting on this ethnographic learning, each shaping what local authorities can achieve. First, the social is not another set of insights; rather, the social is in the science. Second, in Aotearoa New Zealand the familiar nature-society binary is usefully disturbed by mātauranga Māori understandings of people and the environment. Third, changing modern productivist attitudes towards the environment is more than local—it is national and global—yet people’s responses are also intensely local. Environmental ethnography helps illuminate such tensions that create organisational and community dilemmas for local government authorities.

Seemingly manipulated anomaly: Evidence from corporate site visits

We find that the stock prices of some firms are suspected to be manipulated by the market in the CSV disclosure event scenario. An anomaly in the daily cumulative abnormal returns (CARs) of these “suspicious” CSVs is documented. Around the suspicious CSVs, the CAR trending upward (downward) one month before the event day, temporarily declining (increasing) on the event day, and then trending upward (downward) one year after the event day. We refer to this seemingly manipulated anomaly as the CSV manipulative effect. Based on a unique data set of CSVs to listed firms in China, we obtain the following main findings. First, the CSV manipulative effect is not caused by other company announcements disclosed around the CSV event date, and the probability of manipulative effect brought by CSVs is significantly greater than that brought by other company announcements. Second, factors related to market manipulation significantly affect the CSV manipulative effect. Third, we construct a machine learning model to detect the CSV manipulative effect and find that it is capable of detecting this effect. Fourth, the portfolio constructed by the CSV manipulative effect performs better than the portfolio constructed by the momentum or reversal effect.

PRODUCTIVITY AND GROWTH: THE ROLE OF GOVERNANCE IN INDIA AND OTHER BRICS ECONOMIES

Beyond innovations, capital availability and other growth drivers, are there other factors that can contribute to productivity? This paper focuses on investigating governance as a driver of economic growth via productivity. The aim is to ascertain that governance can serve as an improvement to the relationship between productivity and economic growth. VAR multivariate model by applying the Toda-Yamamoto model which is an extension of VAR. This empirical finding for BRICS points out the improvement that can be achieved in the growth of their economy by improving the quality of governance among member nations. There is a causal relationship between productivity and governance which can support the bi-directional causal relationship between productivity and growth in the economy. The result further showed that the contribution of productivity to growth at the early stage is higher than that of governance. However, the productivity contribution to growth declined while that of governance to economic growth was trending upward. The key takeaway from the Toda-Yamamoto model for the productivity-governance-economic growth link is that governance is an important factor that can improve productivity if the quality of the institution preserves the confidence of the factor of production. Thus, an economy that is interested in improving productivity beyond the threshold that has been previously identified in theories can focus on improving the quality of governance.

PATIENTS WITH ULCERATIVE COLITIS AFFECTED BY NON-ALCOHOLIC FATTY LIVER DISEASE HAVE A GREATER RISK OF MORTALITY AND WORSE CLINICAL OUTCOMES

Abstract Ulcerative colitis (UC) affects millions of patients worldwide and keeps trending upward. Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease (NAFLD) is an emerging disease predisposing to adverse outcomes. There is limited evidence of clinical outcomes of NAFLD in patients with UC. We sought to investigate this population. METHODS: We queried NIS 2017-2020 for adults hospitalized with UC & NAFLD. The primary outcome was inpatient mortality. Secondary outcomes were cardiogenic shock, cardiac arrest, GIB, intubation, LOS & total hospital charge. Multivariable logistic regression analysis was used to estimate clinical outcomes. RESULTS: There were 489870 hospitalizations with UC and 21695 (4.4%) had NAFLD. NAFLD & non-NAFLD cohorts had a mean age of 57 vs. 57.2 yrs; males 55.1% vs 46%; Caucasians 73% vs 75.8%; Heart failure 15% vs 12%; Pulmonary Hypertension (PH) 3.9% vs 2.5%; Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) 35% vs 17%; obesity 13% vs 13.4%; Dyslipidemia 24 % vs 30.6%; anemia 26.8% vs 22.6%; Acute Coronary Syndrome (ACS) 5.3% vs 3.6%; stroke 1% vs 1.4%, respectively. CONCLUSION: The UC with NAFLD cohort showed significantly higher mortality, worse clinical outcomes & resource utilization (Table 1). They were older and had more of PH, AKI, anemia, and ACS. NAFLD is associated with greater risk for MACE, GIB, & ICU care. NALFD is an important risk factor among patients with UC that predicts adverse outcomes.

A comparative analysis of the performances of macroeconomic indicators during the Global Financial Crisis, COVID-19 Pandemic, and the Russia-Ukraine War: The Ghanaian case

The recent downturn of the Ghanaian economy has been numerously attributed by the government and policymakers to past global shocks. By using a descriptive approach, this study aimed to examine the performances of macroeconomic indicators of the Ghanaian economy during the three most recent and impactful global shocks – the Global Financial Crisis (GFC), the COVID-19 pandemic, and the Russia-Ukraine war. Through comparative analysis, the study shows under which shock an indicator was trending downwards, upwards, or stable – on average. The study found that relative to the other shocks, cocoa and gold prices increased most under the GFC, and therefore, their exports were also averagely more favourable under the GFC, but timber exports and oil and gas imports were trending downwards. Exports of timber and timber products and imports of oil and gas increased under the COVID-19 shock but gold export and trade balance declined, on average, during the COVID-19 shock. Exchange rate, oil and gas prices, and food and non-food inflation were found to have been unprecedently high during the Russian-Ukraine war compared with all other shocks, and this reflects the worst record of economic growth during the Russian-Ukraine war compared with all other shocks. Appropriate recommendations are made for policymakers to enhance domestic food and non-food production to curb inflation and add value to commodity exports to improve economic growth and trade balance.

Interpreting siliciclastic sedimentation in the upper Paleozoic Mulargia-Escalaplano Basin (Sardinia, Italy): influence of tectonics on provenance

Late to post-Variscan molassic basins of Late Pennsylvanian-Permian age are exposed in Sardinia (Italy). Here, the compositional and stratigraphic evolution of the Mulargia-Escalaplano sedimentary basin (central Sardinia) has been investigated to highlight how the tectono-magmatic processes have influenced the sedimentation. Ruditic and arenitic samples were collected along well-characterized stratigraphic sections to provide a new insight into the impact of the tectono-magmatic processes on siliciclastic sedimentation. As a result, the conglomerates are mainly clast-supported, petromictic, and thus immature, with no defined maturity trend upwards. Nevertheless, pebble composition changes in times from Variscan basement pebble-rich to volcanic rock-rich, as a consequence of the basin widening and the dismantling and reworking of the coeval volcanic activity. The sandstone composition clearly changes from quartzolithic to feldspatholithic upwards, as a response to the same change of feeding and reworking of the volcanic rocks. Occasionally, interbedded quartzolithic arenites suggest exceptional floods carrying debris from the far borders of the basin. Also, the immature sandstone composition has been interpreted as being controlled by a continuous supply of fresh debris and to a rapid burial rate. In addition, the disappearance of metaradiolarite (lydite AA) Paleozoic grains in the sandstone mineral suite could represent a distinctive marker of a progressive unroofing of the Variscan chain and a clastic supply from deeper tectonic units.

COVID-19 pandemic effects on trajectories of college students' stress, coping, and sleep quality: A four-year longitudinal analysis.

College students' stress levels, coping strategies, and sleep quality are important indicators of functioning and further predict their health and well-being. The current study utilises data repeatedly collected over more than 4years from students enroled at a large public research university in the Midwestern US. Our data collection period coincided with the COVID-19 pandemic's onset, facilitating systematic examination of whether and how college students' trajectories (i.e., level and slopes) of stress, coping, and sleep quality changed as the pandemic progressed. Across five waves, surveys assessed multiple outcome and predictor domains every 6months. Analyses revealed differential courses of change for the outcomes. Stress levels were overall lower immediately after the onset but trended upwards as the pandemic continued. Reported coping reduced significantly after the onset and showed a steeper decline as the pandemic wore on. Sleep quality showed no significant pandemic changes over time, though sleep duration and timing showed initial onset effects. College students' stress, coping, and sleep changed in complex and nuanced ways after the pandemic's onset and findings from our longitudinal analyses expand upon those from previous limited repeated measure and cross-sectional studies. Altogether, findings demonstrate multifaceted changes that may have ongoing effects to affect well-being during key developmental stages.

Household food waste trending upwards in the United States: Insights from a National Tracking Survey

AbstractThree successive administrations have supported the United States' 2015 goal to reduce food waste. Households waste more food than other supply chain segments, however, few data sources are available to track US households' progress toward this goal. We provide insights from the first four waves of a novel national survey designed to track such waste. We find a 280% year‐over‐year increase in self‐reported waste between early 2021 and early 2022, which militates against national goal achievement. We find households wasted more food during weeks they dined out and that sample households dined out significantly more in 2022 than in 2021.

Black Women & Gun Ownership in America: An Exploratory Study of Motivations and Strategy

This exploratory work studies the motivations and strategies adopted by black females in the United States who own at least one firearm. Research shows that black females as a demographic group have been trending upward in gun ownership in the last 2 years. The authors interviewed 17 females, with a median age of 37, across the country, for 45–60 min to gather insight on what might be motivating black females to acquire a firearm when research shows that they are the least likely demographic to desire gun ownership, least likely to find protection value from them, and most often harmed by them. Personal protection tends to be the most popular reason for acquiring a weapon among gun owners. This qualitative research suggests that black females may be choosing to purchase a weapon for personal protection both inside and outside the home from both intruder threats and race-based mass gun violence and racial/sexual harassment threats in the community at large. The authors also examined the strategies their participants adopted as part of their gun ownership. These strategies included masking the gun from view when in public, keeping the gun at a distance when in a vehicle, and preemptively de-escalating police interaction in a traffic stop. Finally, participants reflected on whether gun ownership met their motivations for originally acquiring a gun. Participants regretted gun ownership but felt somewhat safer in certain situations for possessing one. Research should be conducted on a larger sample to examine geographical, age, socio-economic status, political, and urban/rural setting differences.

Temporal Trends in Multiple Births in Greece: The Evolution of an Epidemic.

Introduction Multiple births constitute the dominant adverse effect of fertility treatments and are associated with increased perinatal risks. The aim of this study was to comprehensively examine and present time trends in multiple births in Greece. Methods Data on live births by multiplicity were derived from the Hellenic Statistical Authority, covering a 65-year period from 1957 to 2021. Temporal trends in multiple birth rates (MBR), twin birth rates (TwBR), as well as in triplet and higher-order birth rates (Tr+BR)were assessed using joinpoint regression analysis, and the annual percentage changes (APC) were calculated with a 95% confidence interval (95% CI) and level of statistical significance (p < 0.05). Results The MBR in Greece showed a downward trend from 1957 to 1979 (APC = -1.7, 95% CI: -2.0 to -1.4, p < 0.001). However, the rate started to climb in the 1980s, accelerated during the 1990s, and continued to rise in the two most recent decades, reaching a historic high and a world record of 57.2 per 1,000 births in 2021, i.e., a 3.4-fold increase since 1985. The TwBR increased from an all-time low of 16.5 per 1,000 births in 1978 with APC = 1.4 (95% CI: 0.2 to 2.5, p = 0.021) during 1979-1989, APC = 6.3 (95% CI: 5.5 to 7.2, p < 0.001) during 1989-2001, and APC = 1.2 (95% CI: 0.8 to 1.5, p < 0.001) during the last two decades (2001-2021). The Tr+BR, after an all-time low of 17.5 per 100,000 births in 1966, increased dramatically from 1982 to 2000 (APC = 12.4, 95% CI: 9.6 to 15.2, p < 0.001), leveled off during 2000-2011, and after reaching a historic maximum of 351.1 per 100,000 births in 2010, there was a sharp decreasing trend during the last decade (2011-2021: APC = -12.1, 95% CI: -16.8 to -7.2, p < 0.001). Conclusion The dramatic increases in maternal age as well as in medically assisted conceptions have resulted in an epidemic increase in MBR in Greece reaching world record levels. During the last decade, there was an encouraging decline in the Tr+BR; however, the TwBR has continued to trend upwards.

The Great Resignation in the United States: A Study of Labor Market Segmentation

During 2021 and 2022, many news media outlets have reported that millions of workers in the United States have been quitting their jobs in record numbers. In a global economy rebounding from the economic downturn caused by the Covid-19 outbreak and demanding more workers, a high rate of resignations has exacerbated labor shortages and may be aggravating unemployment and underemployment rates if many workers are not participating at all in the labor force or only working part time. Many reasons have been offered to explain this ‘Great Resignation’ including high day care costs for working parents that may in turn be causing the trend of lower female labor force participation; the supposed ‘liberating’ experience of not working at all or to work from home instead of having to work from one’s usual work place during the Covid-19 quarantine/lockdown periods; stagnant/low wages and greater job tenure uncertainty which make working less attractive and more stressful; and the feeling by many of not wanting to work further for bad bosses or management who create bad work environments so that resignation becomes a means of escape from such conditions. This article analyses data of US labor trends since 2003 and demonstrates that resignations have been trending upward in the US aggregate economy and that quit rates mostly have been trending higher within many US industries. These phenomena can be explained by the concept of labor market segmentation, high unemployment, and underemployment rates that exist even in good economic times in some industries, minority group composition within industries, wage stagnation, and type of managerial supervision. Some of these same factors help to explain labor under-utilization greater than national/aggregate rates within these industries as well.

Time Series Model to Predict Future Popular Animes Genres in 2025

Abstract Anime is a form of animated media originating from Japan, where it is mostly characterized by its unique style and is exclusively made in Japan. In the current digital era, anime is now very prevalent not only for Japanese consumers, but the entire world. With this much relevance behind anime, this paper proposes some observations of genres which trend over time. This is mostly to help creative teams behind anime studios to appeal to international audiences in the near future using the Prophet time-series. The resulting model has been evaluated with an RMSE of 1.102 and a MAPE of 13.551%. The model predicts that the genres Super Power, Demons, and Supernatural will trend upwards, while the genres Josei, Cars, and Kids will trend downwards into the year 2025.

The great resignation in higher education: An occupational health approach to understanding intentions-to-quit for faculty in higher education

The increase of resignations in education has continued to trend upwards, particularly during the COVID-19 pandemic. The present study's aim was to develop a comprehensive investigation of key predictors and motivations for leaving academia. The key factors associated with intent-to-quit were: low perceived organizational support, high exhaustion, and low compassion satisfaction. Additionally, high rates of depression and anxiety were worse for faculty intending to leave academia. To improve retention, it is recommended that higher education institutions commit to increase support to faculty and to improve overall working conditions, in order to advert the predicted impending Great Resignation within academia.

722: POKE PLAN: A QI INITIATIVE TO REDUCE PAIN AND ANXIETY IN PEDIATRIC PATIENTS WITH NEEDLE INSERTIONS

Introduction: Adequate control of pain and anxiety during intravenous cannula (IV) placement improves patient satisfaction and reduces medical traumatic stress in children. We aimed to improve the overall experience of needle sticks in children by implementing a year-long multidisciplinary quality improvement project (“The Poke Plan”). Our primary aim was to increase the involvement of child life and use of pediatric pain mitigation strategies by 60% in all hospitalized children. Our secondary aim was to improve patient and parental satisfaction. Methods: A multidisciplinary team was assembled to improve our screening process for difficult IV access in patients on admission and the development of a poke plan pathway. 9 PDSA cycles focused on extensive nursing education, improved documentation, easy access to local pain medication, family involvement and feedback with child life, and weekly updates. Our process measure was the use of poke plan pathway. Balancing measures included increased workload for PIV placement experts. Results: During the study period, 773 patient charts were reviewed (78 pre-intervention [12/20 -04/21] and 695 post-intervention [04/21-07/22]). Compliance with the pain mitigation and distraction strategies increased from 16 – 20% in preintervention phase to > 60% in post implementation phase. The utilization of expert staff increased from 2% to 6%. HCAHPS scores for pain control improved from an average of 73.78% in 2020 to 82.6% in 2021/2022. Process stability of pain mitigation strategies was measured using a control chart. During the first 4 PDSA cycles, there was a significant shift above the center line which was transiently sustained (p=0.001). These cycles included nursing education, ultrasound training, and implementation of a poke plan algorithm. There was then a downward trend back below the center line. Further strategies included weekly huddles and a competition between the units to encourage poke plan usage. Another significant trend upward was observed (p=0.002) following resident education, update of the order sets, and EMR integration. Conclusions: Standardized poke plan pathway including early evaluation, timely team communication, proper preparation and targeted approach can lead to reduction in discomfort with IV access with better patient satisfaction.

Building Maintainable Software Using Abstraction Layering

Increased software maintainability can help improve a company's profitability by directly reducing ongoing software development costs. Abstraction Layered Architecture (ALA) is a reference architecture for building maintainable applications, but its effectiveness in commercial projects has remained unexplored. This research, carried out as a 16-month joint industry-academic project, explores developing commercial code bases using ALA and the extent to which ALA improves maintainability. An existing application from Datamars, New Zealand, was re-developed by using ALA and compared with the original application. In order to carry out these comparisons, we developed suitable measures by adapting maintainability characteristics from the ISO 25010 family of standards. Specifically, we determined metrics to capture the five sub-characteristics of maintainability: modularity, reusability, analysability, modifiability, and testability; and used them to test our hypothesis that the use of ALA improved maintainability of the application. During the evaluation, we found that the modularity, reusability, analysability, and testability of the re-developed ALA application were higher than for the original application. The modifiability of the ALA-based application was lower in the short-term, but shown to trend upwards in the longer term. Our findings led to proposing a generalised ALA-based development method that promises a significant reduction in maintenance costs.

Experiences of cancer care in COVID-19: A longitudinal qualitative study.

PurposeThis study aimed to explore the cancer care experiences of people living with and beyond cancer during COVID-19 in Ireland.MethodsThe study adopted a longitudinal qualitative design using semi-structured interviews with sixteen participants. Interviews were undertaken on three occasions over six months (January–June 2021). The National Comprehensive Cancer Network Distress Thermometer (NCCN DT), and Connor-Davidson-Resilience Scale (CD-RISC2) were also used as part of the interviews to measure distress and resilience. Thematic analysis of interview data was conducted and participants' self-rating for distress and resilience was analysed using descriptive statistics.ResultsThe findings revealed participants' constant fear of COVID-19 over time and efforts to stay safe by following the ‘rules’. Isolation was a common experience as COVID-19 restrictions resulted in being alone when attending the hospital for treatment and limited support from family and friends. Telephone follow-up was limited in terms of support and patients' opportunity to ask questions. For a minority, COVID-19 restrictions meant they were ‘not missing out’. On average, participants reported moderate to high levels of resilience at all time points. Distress scores were low but trended upwards from T1 to T2.ConclusionsThe findings highlight the need to avoid restrictions on carers accompanying their close relatives to the hospital for treatment. An evaluation of the effects of the rapid introduction of telephone follow-up on patient outcomes is warranted.

Dynamical Mechanism of the Summer Circulation Trend Pattern and Surface High Temperature Anomalies over the Russian Far East

Abstract This study investigates the mechanism behind the recent boreal summer circulation trend pattern and associated high surface temperature anomalies over the Russian Far East. This circulation pattern includes a prominent anticyclone over the Kamchatka Peninsula where heat extremes have been trending upward. Observational analysis and numerical model simulations indicate that latent heating anomalies centered over Yakutia, west of Kamchatka Peninsula, can excite this anticyclone and the downstream circulation trend pattern. However, this anticyclone alone is insufficient for generating the anomalously high temperature over the region. Instead, the high temperature emerges when there is an upstream precursor that resembles the Eurasian circulation trend pattern. Warm advection by this upstream circulation initiates a positive temperature anomaly over the Russian Far East, one week prior to the onset of the anticyclone in this region. As this anticyclone develops, the temperature anomalies further intensify by adiabatic warming and shortwave radiative heating. If upstream circulation anomalies are opposite to those of the Eurasian trend pattern, the initial temperature over the Russian Far East is anomalously negative. As a result, the adiabatic warming and shortwave radiative heating within this anticyclonic region are unable to bring the temperature to an extreme condition. These findings indicate that the temperature extremes over the Russian Far East are contributed by a combination of remote and local circulation forcings and provide insights into subseasonal forecasts of heat waves over this region.

Changing characteristics of the industrial correlation and economic contribution of air transport in China: An input–output analysis

To investigate changing characteristics of the industrial correlation and economic contribution of air transport in China in different periods, the industry linkage effect and the industry ripple effect of air transport were assessed based on an input–output analysis over the period 2007–2020. Taking the air transport sector as an exogenous variable, the production-inducing effect and the supply shortage effect were calculated, and their changing characteristics were analyzed. The result shows that China's air transport industry is gradually changing its close linkages with secondary industries, and is instead strengthening its interaction with some tertiary industries. Before the COVID-19 outbreak in 2020, the production-inducing multiplier of air transport was trending downwards and the supply shortage multiplier was trending upwards. After the COVID-19 outbreak, China's air transport industry was hit hard and both the production-inducing effect and the supply shortage effect decreased significantly. The results of this paper are of great significance in the evaluation of the industrial correlation and economic contribution of air transport and can serve as a reference for formulating policies and improving the management of the air transport industry.