Trends In Incidence Research Articles

Analysis of the incidence and mortality trends of esophageal cancer in cancer registry areas of China and Japan.

This study aims to analyze the prevalence trend of esophageal cancer in Japan and China to provide suggestions for the prevention and treatment of esophageal cancer. The results showed that the incidence rate for the years 2010-2018 significantly decreased with an APC of 5.66%, and the mortality rate from 2010 to 2015 had an APC of -5.87% in China. However, the incidence rate of Japanese women showed an upward trend, with an APC of 4.09% from 2010 to 2019. The mortality rate of esophageal cancer in Japan showed a downward trend, with an APC of -2.96% from 2010 to 2021. From 2010 to 2018, Chinese esophageal squamous cell carcinoma accounted for the highest proportion, accounting for 85.96%, with the largest distribution in the middle, accounting for 47.25%. Patients are mostly diagnosed at stage III, and the relative survival rate from 2012 to 2015 was 30.3%. Japan also has the highest proportion of squamous cell carcinoma, and the lesions are also mostly located in the middle segment. While Japanese esophageal cancer patients are mostly diagnosed at stage I, and the relative survival rate was 41.5% in Japan from 2009 to 2011. The results of this article indicate that the current prevalence of esophageal cancer in China and Japan is generally declining, and the quality of life of patients is gradually improving, but effective screening and prevention strategies are still needed to reduce the burden of this disease.

Trends in incidence and hormonal management of endometrial cancer during potentially reproductive age in Japan: a population-based study.

We aimed to investigate the trends in the incidence and treatment of endometrial cancer (EC) during potentially reproductive age in Japan, with a special focus on the relative oncologic safety of hormonal therapy (HT) over surgery. This population-based retrospective cohort study was conducted using data from the Osaka Cancer Registry from 2004 to 2018. Women with EC were first identified and then distributions of age, stage, histology, and initial treatment were examined. Then, the relative oncologic safety of HT over surgery in patients under the age of 50years was evaluated. Among the 9417 patients with EC, 1937 were diagnosed during their potentially reproductive age (< 50years). The incidence of EC during potentially reproductive age has increased from 18.5% in 2004-2011 to 21.9% in 2012-2018. ECs during potentially reproductive age more frequently displayed favorable characteristics, such as endometrioid histology, and lower histological grade than those in non-potentially reproductive age. Among the 1223 patients diagnosed with localized endometrioid EC, 74 cases (6.0%) received HT as an initial treatment, while 1100 cases (90.0%) underwent surgery as their initial treatment. When the two treatment groups were compared, there was no significant difference in overall survival (p = 0.3713). The estimated 5-year survival rates were 100 and 98.8% in the HT and surgery groups, respectively. EC is increasingly diagnosed during potentially reproductive age in Japan. The use of HT as an initial treatment is increasing, and achieved comparable survival outcomes to urgery against localized endometrioid EC during the potentially reproductive age.

Sinonasal mucosal melanoma in The Netherlands between 2001 and 2021: a clinical and epidemiological overview of 320 cases.

Sinonasal mucosal melanoma (SNMM) is a rare malignancy, characterised by high (local) recurrence rates and poor survival. Comprehensive understanding of tumour etiology is currently lacking, which complicates adequate tumour treatment. Besides examining trends in incidence, this study aims to assess the association between clinical characteristics, treatment practices and patient outcomes, with the objective of establishing a baseline from which SNMM management can be enhanced. All newly diagnosed SNMM cases in The Netherlands between 2001 and 2021 were included using data from The Netherlands Cancer Registry (NCR). A total of 320 patients were included. The annual incidence rate for the overall population was stable over the inclusion period with an annual percentage change (APC) of only - 0.01%. The 5-year overall survival (OS) and relative survival (RS) were 24.5 and 32.4%, respectively. Relative survival did not increase over time. The addition of adjuvant radiotherapy to surgery was not associated with a higher OS and RS compared to surgery alone. Sinonasal mucosal melanoma is a rare disease with stable incidence rates in the Netherlands between 2001 and 2021. There has been no improvement in survival over the course of the inclusion period. The study reaffirms that adjuvant radiotherapy does not seem to improve patient outcomes. Given the generally poor outcomes for SNMM patients, novel therapeutic options ought to be considered in order to improve care.

Abstract B001: Urinary bladder cancer incidence and mortality in the United States: 20-year trends and initial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic

Abstract Introduction: We examined nationwide trends in urinary bladder cancer incidence and mortality focusing on 1999-2019. A separate analysis of data from 2020 revealed how these rates were affected by the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: State-specific bladder cancer (in situ and invasive) incidence and mortality rates were ascertained from the United States (US) Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) Wide-ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research (WONDER) database for 1999-2020 overall and according to age, gender, and geographic region. All rates were age-adjusted to the 2000 US Census population, except age-specific rates. We used Joinpoint software to calculate the 20-year average annual percent change and annual percent change for specific periods identified by data-driven joinpoint placement with 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results: In 2019, the US bladder cancer incidence rate was 18.8 (CI, 18.6 to 18.9) cases per 100,000. Bladder cancer incidence decreased 0.9% annually (CI, 0.8 to 1.0% decrease) during 1999-2019, with a 3.3% annual decrease (CI, 2.5 to 4.1% decrease) during 2016-2019 specifically. Among men, the 20-year annual decrease was 1.1% (CI, 1.0 to 1.1% decrease), with a 3.8% annual decrease (CI, 2.8 to 4.6% decrease) during 2017-2019 specifically. Among women, the 20-year annual decrease was 1.0% (CI, 0.9 to 1.2% decrease), with a 2.6% annual decrease (CI, 1.7 to 4.2% decrease) during 2016-2019 specifically. Largest annual decreases in incidence rates were seen among 55-59-year-olds (1.8%, CI, 1.6 to 2.0% decrease), and in the western US (2.3%, CI, 2.0 to 2.6% decrease). Conversely, some southern states showed an increase in incidence. In Tennessee, there was a 20-year annual increase of 1.2% (CI, 0.9 to 1.6% increase). In 2019, the US bladder cancer mortality rate was 4.1 (CI, 4.0 to 4.2) deaths per 100,000. Bladder cancer mortality decreased 0.4% annually (CI, 0.2 to 0.5% decrease) during 1999-2019, with a 2.5% annual decrease (CI, 1.3 to 4.7% decrease) during 2016-2019 specifically. Mortality rate trends were generally similar among men and women (0.4% and 0.7% decrease annually, respectively). Largest annual decreases in mortality rates were seen among 50-54-year-olds (1.5%, CI, 0.6 to 2.4% decrease) and in the northeast US (0.8%, CI, 0.7 to 1.0% decrease). Reflecting the initial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic, bladder cancer incidence decreased by 8.6% (CI, 7.7 to 9.6% decrease) and bladder cancer mortality decreased by 2.7% (CI, 0.6 to 4.8% decrease) comparing 2020 with 2019. Conclusions: After decades remaining relatively constant, bladder cancer incidence and mortality rates in the US began to decrease around 2016-2017. This trend was less apparent in the southern part of the country, where incidence trended upward in some states. As evident for other common cancers, bladder cancer incidence rates decreased sharply during the first year of the COVID-19 pandemic. Forthcoming data for 2021-2024 will provide a clearer picture of the magnitude of this disruption and the possibility of a rebound. Citation Format: Grace B. Gallant, Hugo Pomares-Millan, Judy R. Rees, Margaret R. Karagas, Michael N. Passarelli. Urinary bladder cancer incidence and mortality in the United States: 20-year trends and initial impact of the COVID-19 pandemic [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the AACR Special Conference on Bladder Cancer: Transforming the Field; 2024 May 17-20; Charlotte, NC. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Clin Cancer Res 2024;30(10_Suppl):Abstract nr B001.

A population-based study on incidence trends of kidney and renal pelvis cancers in the United States over 2000-2020.

Cancers of the kidney and renal pelvis are among the most prevalent types of urinary cancers. We aimed to outline the incidence trends of kidney and renal pelvis cancers by age, sex, race/ethnicity, and histology in the United States (US) from 2000 to 2020. The data was obtained from the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) 22 database. The identification of patients with kidney and renal pelvis cancers with morphologies of renal cell carcinoma, nephroblastoma, sarcoma, and neuroendocrine tumor was conducted utilizing the International Classification of Diseases for Oncology version 3. The average annual percent change (AAPC) were presented. All estimates were given in the form of counts and delayed age-standardized incidence rates (ASIRs) per 100,000 people. From 2000 to 2019, a total of 490,481 cases of kidney and renal pelvic cancer were recorded across all age groups in the US. The majority of them were among Non-Hispanic Whites (NHWs) (69.75%) and those aged 55-69 years (39.96%). The ASIRs per 100,000 for kidney and pelvis cancers were 22.03 for men and 11.14 for women. Non-Hispanic Black men had the highest ASIR (24.53 [24.24, 24.81]), and increase in ASIR over the 2000-2019 period (AAPC: 2.19% [1.84, 2.84]). There was a noticeable increase in incidence of kidney and renal pelvis cancers. Individuals aged 70-84 years had the highest ASIR for kidney and renal pelvis cancers. The COVID-19 era has resulted in a significant reduction in incidence rates across all demographics.

Invasive Pneumococcal Disease (IPD) epidemiology and serotype replacement after the introduction of the 13-valent pneumococcal conjugate vaccine in Ontario, Canada, 2007-2022

Abstract Introduction New vaccine products were recently authorized for protection against invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) in Canada. Our aim was to determine age- and serotype-specific trends in IPD incidence and severity in Canada’s largest province, Ontario. Methods We included all confirmed IPD cases reported in Ontario and defined the pre-PCV13 era (01/2007 to 12/2010), post-PCV13 era (01/2011 to 12/2019), and COVID-19 pandemic era (01/2020 to 12/2022). We estimated incidence, hospitalization, and case fatality rate (CFR) by age. We grouped IPD cases by vaccine-specific serotypes (PCV13; PCV15-non-PCV13; PCV20-non-PCV13; PCV20-non-PCV15; PPV23-non-PCV20; and non-vaccine preventable [NVP]). We then compared incidence rates by age and serotype groups in the pre- and post-PCV13 era by calculating rate ratios (RR) and their 95% confidence intervals (CI). Results Incidence and hospitalizations declined from the pre- to post-PCV13 era in children aged &amp;lt;5 years (RR = 0.7, 95%CI = 0.6-0.8 and RR = 0.8, 95%CI = 0.7-0.9, respectively) but the CFR increased (1.4% to 2.3%). Other age groups saw smaller declines or more stable incidence rates across the years; hospitalizations increased in adults aged 50-64 years (RR = 1.2, 95%CI 1.1-1.4) and ≥65 years (RR = 1.1, 95%CI 1.0-1.1). For all ages, IPD cases and hospitalizations attributable to PCV13 serotypes declined and those attributable to PCV15-non-PCV13, PCV20-non-PCV-13, and NVP serotypes increased. IPD incidence declined during the COVID-19 era. Conclusions IPD incidence and hospitalizations due to PCV13 serotypes decreased after PCV13 introduction but increased for other serotypes. Continued surveillance is required to evaluate changes to pneumococcal vaccination programs and ongoing changes to the distribution of IPD-causing serotypes.

Trends in severity of work-related traumatic injury and musculoskeletal disorder, Ontario 2004-2017.

Traumatic injury surveillance can be enhanced by describing injury severity trends. This study reports trends in work-related injury severity for males and females over the period 2004-2017 in Ontario, Canada. A weighted measure of workers' compensation benefit expenditures was used to define injury severity, obtained from the linkage of workers' compensation claims to emergency department (ED) records where the main injury or illness was attributed to work. Denominator counts were obtained from Statistics Canada's Labor Force Survey. Trends in the annual incidence of injury, classified as low, moderate, or high severity, were examined using regression modeling, stratified by age and sex. Over a 14-year observation period, there were 1,636,866 ED records included in the analyses. Overall, 57.6% of occupational injury records were classified as low severity, 29.5% as moderate severity, and 12.8% as high severity conditions. There was an increase in the incidence of high severity injuries among females (annual percent change (APC): 1.52%; 95% CI: 0.77, 2.28), while the incidence of low and moderate severity injuries generally declined for males and females. Among females, injuries attributed to animate mechanical forces and assault increased as causes of low, moderate, and high severity injuries. The incidence of concussion increased for both males (APC: 10.51%; 95% CI: 8.18, 12.88) and females (APC: 16.37%; 95% CI: 13.37, 19.45). The incidence of severe work-related injuries increased among females in Ontario between 2004 and 2017. The methods applied in this surveillance study of traumatic injury severity are plausibly generalizable to applications in other jurisdictions.

Incidence and trends of first basal cell carcinomas in France between 1980 and 2019: a regional population-based registry study.

Basal cell carcinoma (BCC) is the most frequent malignancy reported in populations with fair skin. In most countries, BCCs are only partially or not at all recorded, and incidence data are lacking. This study assessed the current incidence rates and trends in the only two French départements where BCCs have been recorded for several decades. This regional population-based study thus used data from two French cancer registries (Doubs and Haut-Rhin) where first-time BCC diagnoses were recorded. The European age-standardised incidence rates (EASR) were calculated per 100 000 person-years (p-y). The trends and the annual percentages of change were assessed using join-point analysis. In all, 48 989 patients were diagnosed with a first BCC in the study period. The median age at diagnosis was 69 years and the BCCs were mainly located on the head and neck (68.8%). In the Doubs area between 1980 and 2016, the EASR of BCC increased from 59.9 to 183.1 per 100 000 p-y. The annual increase for men was 5.73% before 1999 and 1.49% thereafter, and among women 4.56% before 2001 and 1.31% thereafter. In the Haut-Rhin area, the EASR increased from 139.2 in 1991 to 182.8 per 100 000 p-y in 2019. Among men, the EASR increased annually by 2.31% before 2000, and by 0.29% after 2000; among women, it increased by 0.95% over the entire period (1991-2019). In the most recent period and for these two départements, the age-specific incidence rates of BCC for men and women were close before the age of 60, except for the 40-49 age group, where the rates were significantly higher among women. For patients aged 60 years and over, men had much higher rates of BCC. BCC incidence has increased since 1980 and is still rising, particularly among men and the elderly. A slowing was observed since 2000, which could be explained by a shift in the management of BCCs and by the possible efficacy of prevention actions. This study provides insight into the BCC burden in France and highlights the need to maintain effective prevention strategies, since incidence is still increasing.

Trends of cervical tumours amongst women from perspectives of demographic, socioeconomic and geographic indicators: retrospective ecological study in Czechia

IntroductionFor many infectious diseases, women are at higher risk and have a more severe disease course than men for many reasons, including biological differences, social inequalities, and restrictive cultural norms. The study focuses on infections with human papillomaviruses (HPV) in the form of cervical cancer as a gender-specific disease. The main goal is to evaluate cervical tumour incidence trends in the Czech female population in the HPV vaccination period 2012–2020 in relation to selected demographic, socioeconomic, and geographic indicators.MethodsThis is a retrospective ecological study. Data from publicly available databases about the incidence and mortality of cervical tumours (C53 Malignant neoplasm of cervix uteri, D06 Carcinoma in situ of cervix uteri according to ICD 10) and HPV vaccination rate were analysed and compared with demographic, socioeconomic and territorial data. Associations were searched using correlation analysis.ResultsThere was a decreasing trend in the incidence of cervical cancer in the observed period. Regarding cervical tumours (C53, D06) and malignant neoplasm of cervix uteri incidence (C53), the decrease was approximately 11 and 20%, respectively. Differences between regions were observed in incidences and vaccination rates. Based on correlation analysis, indicators connected with urban/rural aspects, such as a share of urban population and population density, were statistically significant. The indicators related to higher cervical cancer incidence are the high unemployment rate of women, the high number of divorces, the high number of abortions, the high share of the urban population, the high number of students, and the high number of women with only primary education. On the other hand, the indicators related to lower cervical cancer incidence are the high gross domestic product (GDP), the high average gross monthly wage per employee, the high employment rate of women, the higher average age of mothers at birth, and the high number of women with tertiary education.ConclusionResults underline the problem of economically disadvantaged regions and families. Increasing vaccination rates, promoting regular screening for cervical cancer, and supporting awareness in the population, especially in regions with higher incidence rates, should be priorities for public health efforts.

Secular trends in the incidence and treatment patterns of primary hyperparathyroidism in Korea: a Nationwide cohort study

Abstract Data on epidemiology and secular trend in primary hyperparathyroidism (PHPT) in adults is relatively limited in Asian countries. This study aims to provide an overview of the secular trends in incidence, clinical characteristics, and treatment patterns of PHPT in South Korea. We used Korea’s National Health Insurance Claim database (2005–2020) to identify newly diagnosed PHPT cases. Individuals with age below 19, fewer than two E21.0 diagnoses, fewer than two parathyroid hormone measurements, secondary hyperparathyroidism, undergoing dialysis or kidney transplantation within a year of diagnosis, parathyroidectomy (PTX) within a year prior to the diagnosis code, and diagnosis of multiple endocrine neoplasm or parathyroid carcinoma were excluded from the analysis. A total of 6837 patients with PHPT (PTX, n = 2989; non-surgery, n = 3848) were compared to 1:10 age- and sex-matched controls (n = 68 370). The mean age of patients with PHPT was 56.0 years, with 77.4% being women. The annual incidence of PHPT increased from 0.23/100000 persons in 2005 to 1.75 in 2020, with higher rate in women than in men. Compared to 2005-2010 (n = 675), the number of newly diagnosed PHPT cases increased up to 3.1-fold (n = 2119) in 2011-2015 and 6.0-fold (n = 4043) in 2016-2020 periods. Among all patients with PHPT, 43.7% of patients underwent PTX, with decrement of proportion of bilateral surgery among PTX group across time (11.9% in 2005-2010 to 8.9% in 2016-2020, p for trend 0.033). Among all patients with PHPT, non-surgery group increased from 41.6% in 2005-2010 to 58.0% in 2016-2020 (p for trend &amp;lt;0.001). Patients with PHPT had higher odds of osteoporosis (odds ratio [OR] 7.03), renal stones (OR 10.55), chronic kidney diseases (OR 7.42), and cardiovascular, metabolic, and neurological conditions after adjustment for comorbidity index. In summary, the incidence of PHPT increased from 2005 to 2020 with predominance of non-surgical treatment, which calls for research focus on improving non-surgical management.

Trends in primary malignant bone cancer incidence and mortality in the United States, 2000–2017: A population-based study

BackgroundPrimary malignant bone cancers have extremely low incidence, resulting in poor evaluation of their epidemiological characteristics. The objective of this study was to investigate trends in the incidence of primary malignant bone cancers and related mortality. Materials and methodsData from patients diagnosed with malignant bone cancers from 2000 to 2017 in the Surveillance Epidemiology and End Results database were retrospectively analyzed. Annual age-adjusted incidence and mortality were calculated, and the annual percentage change analyzed. Further, characteristics including patient age and sex, as well as the primary site and stage of different tumor types, were analyzed. ResultsThe overall age-adjusted incidence rate of primary malignant bone cancers was 7.70 per million people per year, and incidence rates had increased in patients between 60 and 79 years old, or with tumor size ≥ 8 cm. The incidence of chordoma increased significantly (annual percentage change (APC), 3.0 % per year), while those of WHO grade I and II primary bone cancers decreased. During 2000–2017, the mortality rate attributable to malignant bone cancers across the entire United States was 4.41 per million people per year. A positive mortality trend was observed during the study period (APC = 0.7 %, 95 % confidence interval: 0.0 %–1.5 %). Patients with osteosarcoma, and those who were female or of white ethnicity showed significant increasing trends in mortality rate. ConclusionsDifferent tumor types have variable epidemiological manifestations, in terms of incidence and mortality, and exhibited altered trends over recent years. These variables can provide guidance to inform allocation of medical resources.

Variations in the Anatomic Morphology of the Scapular Spine and Implications on Fracture After Reverse Shoulder Arthroplasty.

This study evaluates the role of anatomic scapular morphology in acromion and scapular spine fracture (SSAF) risk after reverse shoulder arthroplasty (RSA). Twelve scapular measurements were captured based on pilot study data, including scapular width measurements at the acromion (Z1), middle of the scapular spine (Z2), and medial to the first major angulation (Z3). Measurements were applied to 3D-CT scans from patients who sustained SSAF after RSA (SSAF group) and compared with those who did not (control group). Measurements were done by four investigators, and the intraclass correlation coefficient was calculated. Regression analysis determined trends in fracture incidence. One hundred forty-nine patients from two separate surgeons (J.L., A.M.) were matched by age and surgical indication of whom 51 sustained SSAF after reverse shoulder arthroplasty. Average ages for the SSAF and control cohorts were 78.6 and 72.1 years, respectively. Among the SSAF group, 15 were Levy type I, 26 Levy type II, and 10 Levy type 3 fractures. The intraclass correlation coefficient of Z1, Z2, and Z3 measurements was excellent (0.92, 0.92, and 0.94, respectively). Zone 1 and 3 measurements for the control group were 18.6 ± 3.7 mm and 3.2 ± 1.0 mm, respectively, compared with 22.5 ± 5.9 mm and 2.0 ± 0.70 mm in the SSAF group, respectively. The fracture group trended toward larger Z1 and smaller Z3 measurements. The average scapular spine proportion (SSP), Z1/Z3, was significantly greater in the control 6.20 ± 1.80 versus (12.60 ± 6.30; P < 0.05). Regression analysis showed a scapular spine proportion of ≤5 was associated with a fracture risk <5%, whereas an SSP of 9.2 correlated with a 50% fracture risk. Patients with a thicker acromions (Z1) and thinner medial scapular spines (Z3) have increased fracture risk. Understanding anatomic scapular morphology may allow for better identification of high-risk patients preoperatively.

Thyroid Cancer Incidence Among Korean Individuals: A Comparison of South Korea and the United States.

To compare thyroid cancer incidence rates and trends between Korean, non-Korean Asian, and non-Hispanic White populations in the United States, and between the US Korean population and the South Korean population. Population-based analysis of cancer incidence data. Cases of thyroid cancer diagnosed during 1999-2014 from the Korean Central Cancer Registry (KCCR) and the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) 9 detailed Asian/Pacific Islander subgroup incidence and population dataset were included. Incidence rates were obtained from the datasets, and annual percent change (APC) of the incidence rates was calculated using Joinpoint regression analysis. Thyroid cancer incidence rate for 1999-2014 was significantly higher for South Korea (48.05 [95% CI 47.89-48.22] per 100,000 person-years) than for the US Korean population (11.12 [95% CI 10.49-11.78] per 100,000 person-years), which was slightly higher than the Non-Korean Asian population (10.23 [95% CI 10.02-10.43] per 100,000 person-years), and slightly lower than the Non-Hispanic White population (12.78 [95% CI 12.69-12.87] per 100,000 person-years). Incidence rates in South Korea increased dramatically (average APC 17.9, 95% CI 16.0-19.9), significantly higher than the US Korean population (average APC 5.0, 95% CI 3.1-6.8), which was similar to the non-Korean Asian (average APC 2.5, 95% CI 0.9-4.2) and the non-Hispanic White (average APC 5.1, 95% CI 4.7-5.6) populations. South Korea's high thyroid cancer incidence rates cannot be attributed to genetic factors, but are likely due to health care system factors. 3 Laryngoscope, 2024.

Kidney Cancer Incidence Among Non-Hispanic American Indian and Alaska Native Populations in the United States, 1999-2020.

Background Non-Hispanic American Indian and Alaska Native (NH-AI/AN) people experience a disproportionate incidence of kidney cancer. Nationally aggregated data does not allow for a comprehensive description of regional disparities in kidney cancer incidence among NH-AI/AN communities. This study describes kidney cancer incidence rates and trends among NH-AI/AN compared to non-Hispanic White (NHW) populations by geographic region. Methods Using the United States Cancer Statistics American Indian and Alaska Native (AI/AN) Incidence Analytic Database, we calculated age-adjusted incidence rates (per 100,000) of kidney cancers for NH-AI/AN and NHW people for the years 2011-2020 combined using SEER*stat software. Analyses were restricted to non-Hispanic persons living in purchased/referred care delivery area (PRCDA) counties. Average annual percent changes (AAPCs) and trends (1999-2019) were estimated using Joinpoint regression analyses. Results Rates of kidney cancer incidence were higher among NH-AI/AN compared to NHW persons in the U.S. overall and in 5 of 6 regions. Kidney cancer incidence rates also varied by region, sex, age, and stage of diagnosis. Between 1999 and 2019, trends in rates of kidney cancer significantly increased among NH-AI/AN males (AAPC = 2.7%) and females (AAPC = 2.4%). The largest increases in incidence were observed for NH-AI/AN males and females under age 50 and those diagnosed with localized stage disease. Conclusions Study findings highlight growing disparities in kidney cancer incidence rates between NH-AI/AN and NHW populations. Impact: Differences in geographic region, sex, and stage highlight opportunities to decrease prevalence of kidney cancer risk factors and improve access to preventive care.

Exploring CJD incidence trends: insights from Slovakia

ABSTRACT Authors are commenting on the evolving geographical incidence trends observed with the genetic form of Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease and discussing the diverse array of factors contributing to the heightened incidence rates observed in specific geographical regions.

Temporal trends in acute coronary syndrome by subtype

Abstract Funding Acknowledgements None. Introduction Various studies reported different results in trends regarding acute coronary syndrome (ACS) subtypes over the last years. We performed a retrospective analysis to determine trends in ACS incidence, demographic characteristics of patients, invasive treatment as well as outcomes and mortality of patients with ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI); non-STEMI (NSTEMI) and unstable angina (UA) in our tertiary Cardiac Intensive Care Unit (CICU). Methods We collected data from medical records and our electronic hospital information system on all admissions that occured in March 2003, 2013 and 2023 and compared the data. Results Over the years, there was a significant increase in total number of patients in our CICU (74, 87 and 143 per month, respectively). Patients with ACS accounted for more than half of all patients in the investigated period, but without reaching statistical significance for increase (51.4%, 64.4% and 63.6%; p= 0.156). On the other hand, when considering patients with STEMI, there was a significant upgrowth of the number of such patients (6.8% vs 31% vs 28.7%; p&amp;lt;0.001) with a trend of a decrease in the number of NSTEMI (28.4%, 18.4% and 23.8%; p= 0.324) and patients with UA (16.2%, 14.9% and 11.2%; p= 0.528). Percutaneous interventional treatment significantly rose over time (35.6 vs 61.2 vs 67.8%, p&amp;lt;0.01), while application of ICU restricted therapies like vasopressors (1.7% vs 0 vs 6.3%; p= 0.072) and inotropes (6.8% vs 4.7% vs 8.5%; p= 0.356) showed increasing trend, but without reaching statistical significance. However, CICU length of stay (LOS) notably decreased (59h vs 43h vs 22h; p= &amp;lt;0,001) as well as mortality (9.5% vs 5.7% vs 2.8%; p= &amp;lt;0.001). Conclusion We observed a significant increase in the number of STEMI patients with a declining trend in NSTEMI and UA patients, as well as increase in coronary procedures and vasopressors and inotropes administration, all indicating growing acuity and complexity of our patients. On the other hand, LOS and mortality significantly decreased highlighting better outcomes and treatment success.

Spatial and temporal analysis of thyroid cancer incidence in Guilan Province, Northern Iran, 2009–2018

BackgroundThyroid cancer is one of the most common malignancies of the endocrine system, the fifth most common malignancy in women worldwide, and the second most common cancer in women over 50 in 2019. It is the sixth most common cancer in both sexes and the third most common cancer in women in Guilan province. This study was conducted to describe the geographic variation and investigate any changes in the trend of the thyroid cancer incidence rate. MethodsThis study was conducted on the data of the Guilan University of Medical Sciences cancer registration system. The crude and age-standardized incidence rate was calculated per 100,000 person-years. Joinpoint regression analysis evaluated the time trends and annual percent changes (APC). The incidence rate was estimated separately for each city and high-risk areas were shown on the province map using GIS software. Results1742 cases of thyroid cancer (83.7 % in women and 16.3 % in men) were registered in Guilan province from 2009 to 18. The incidence of thyroid cancer was 5.1-fold higher in women than men. The results of the joinpoint regression analysis showed that the age-standardized incidence rate of thyroid cancer in both sexes has increased significantly over ten years (APC: 26.4; 95 %CI: 22.5–30.4), (P-value < 0.001). In our study, Astaneh-ye Ashrafiyeh, Lahijan, and Langarud cities were identified as high-risk areas of the province for both sexes. ConclusionThe trend of incidence of thyroid cancer in Guilan province is increasing. Also, a wide geographical variation was found in the incidence of thyroid cancer.

Temporal trends in antibiotic prescribing and serious and nonserious infections in children presenting to general practice: a registry-based longitudinal cohort study of 162 507 individuals.

It is crucial to understand the trends in paediatric antibiotic prescribing and serious and nonserious infections to improve antibiotic prescribing practices for children in ambulatory care. Assessing trends in paediatric antibiotic prescribing and infection incidence in general practice from 2002 to 2022. In this retrospective cohort study using INTEGO network data from 162 507 patients in Flanders (Belgium), we calculated antibiotic prescribing rates and proportions alongside incidence rates of serious and nonserious infections, stratified by age (0-1, 2-6, 7-12 years) and municipality. We performed autoregressive moving average time-series analyses and seasonality analyses. From 2002 to 2022, antibiotic prescribing rate decreased significantly: 584/1000 person-years (PY) (95% CI 571-597) to 484/1000PY (95% CI 478-491); so did antibiotic overall prescribing proportion: 46.3% (95% CI 45.1-47.6) to 23.3% (95% CI 22.9-23.7) (59.3% amoxicillin and 17.8% broad spectrum). Prescribing proportions dropped significantly for nonserious (45.6% to 20.9%) and increased for serious infections (64.1% to 69.8%). Proportions significantly dropped for acute suppurative otitis media (74.7% to 64.1%), upper respiratory tract infections (44.9% to 16.6%), bronchitis/bronchiolitis (73.6% to 44.1%) and acute tonsillopharyngitis (59.5% to 21.7%), while significantly increasing for pneumonia (65.2% to 80.2%). Nonserious and serious infection incidence rates increased from 785/1000PY and 34.2/1000PY to 1223/1000PY and 64.1/1000PY, respectively. Blood and CRP testing proportions increased significantly. Antibiotic prescribing in general practice for children declined from 2002 to 2022. Further targeted antibiotic stewardship initiatives are needed to reduce the use of broad-spectrum antibiotics and antibiotic prescribing for conditions such as otitis media and bronchitis/bronchiolitis.

Geographical Disparities in Hypertension Incidence Rate in Iran 2004-2016: Bayesian Spatial Analysis

Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases such as coronary heart disease, heart failure, arrhythmia, and cardiomyopathy all include hypertension as a key risk factor. Research has shown that the early detection and treatment of hypertension and its risk factors, as well as public health policies to reduce behavioral risk factors, have led to a gradual reduction in mortality caused by heart disease and stroke in high-income countries in the past three decades. Trends in hypertension incidence have been monitored at the national level in Iran. The aim of this study examine province-level disparities in Hypertension incidence from 2004 to 2016. Methods: Use the Non-Communicable Diseases Risk-Factors Surveillance in the Islamic Republic of Iran STEPs registry data. to estimate the incidence rate of hypertension for all provinces in 2004, 2006-2009, 2011, and 2016 using a Bayesian spatial model with Markov chain Monte Carlo algorithm in OpenBUGS version 3.2.3 and R version 4.2.2. Results: The estimated Hypertension incidence rate in total increased from 19.87 per 1000 people (95% credible interval 14.28, 25.48) in 2004 to 193.02 (171.92, 220.48) in 2016. According to the estimates of 2016, we found that the provinces of Markazi, Ardabil, and Semnan had the highest rate of hypertension, and the provinces of Hormozgan, and Sistan-Baluchistan had the lowest rate. Our findings show that Khorasan, North, Alborz, and Semnan have the most significant percentage change in incidence rate from 2004-2016. Conclusion: To reduce the prevalence of hypertension in Iranian regions, it is crucial to develop regular hypertension screening programs, especially among the elderly

Trends in incidence and survival of childhood cancers in Khon Kaen, Thailand (2000–2019): a population-based Khon Kaen Cancer Registry study

BackgroundIn Thailand, the national health care system and nationwide standard treatment protocols have evolved over time, potentially influencing the trends in the incidence and survival rates of childhood cancers. However, further investigations are required to comprehensively study these trends in Khon Kaen, Thailand.MethodsChildhood cancer patients aged 0–14 years (n = 541) who were diagnosed with one of the five most common cancers between 2000 and 2019 from the population-based Khon Kaen Cancer Registry were enrolled. Descriptive statistics were used to analyse the demographic data, which are presented as numbers, percentages, means, and standard deviations. The trends in incidence between 2000 and 2019, including age-standardized incidence rates (ASRs) and annual percent changes (APCs), were analysed using the Joinpoint regression model. Survival analysis was performed for 5-year relative survival rates (RSRs) according to the Pohar Perme estimator and Kaplan–Meier survival curves.ResultsThe ASRs of the overall top 5 childhood cancer groups were 67.96 and 106.12 per million person-years in 2000 and 2019, respectively. Overall, the APC significantly increased by 2.37% each year for both sexes. The overall 5-year RSRs were 60.5% for both sexes, 58.2% for males, and 63.9% for females. The highest 5-year RSR was for germ cell tumours (84.3%), whereas the lowest 5-year RSR was for neuroblastoma (29.1%).ConclusionsThe incidence and survival rates of childhood cancers in Khon Kaen, Thailand, varied according to sex. The incidence trends increased over time, meanwhile, the relative survival rates rose to satisfactory levels and were comparable to those of other nations with similar financial status. The implementation of national health policies and adherence to national treatment guidelines have improved cancer diagnosis and treatment outcomes.