The international marine environment has increasingly become a critical focus of global environmental concerns, with marine pollution worsening significantly. The Fukushima sewage incident in Japan has notably heightened awareness of marine environmental pollution, impacting the marine environment, economic development, food safety, and human health in surrounding countries, making marine pollution control an urgent priority. This paper analyzes the Fukushima pollution incident in Japan, reviewing the current status of international marine pollution control legal treaties and international cooperation efforts. It proposes new governance ideas grounded in climate change advisory opinions, emphasizing the need for innovative approaches to tackle emerging pollution challenges. Furthermore, the paper examines both theoretical and practical problems within the existing framework of international marine pollution control, identifying gaps and inconsistencies that hinder effective management. Based on this analysis, the paper offers comprehensive countermeasures and suggestions aimed at enhancing the efficacy of international treaties, improving coordination among nations, and strengthening the overall governance structure to better address marine pollution. This holistic approach is essential for ensuring the sustainable development of marine ecosystems and the long-term health and prosperity of human societies.