Treatment Of Different Types Research Articles

[Clinical study on the efficacy and safety of glaucoma drainage implants in the treatment of different types of glaucoma].

Objective: To evaluate the efficacy and safety of glaucoma drainage implants(XEN-45 Gel Stent) for glaucoma treatment. Methods: A prospective study was conducted to continuously collect the clinical data of patients who were diagnosed with glaucoma and underwent XEN-45 Gel Stent implantation in the Ophthalmology Department of Peking University People's Hospital from January 2022 to August 2023. The visual acuity, intraocular pressure, number of glaucoma medications, and success rate of the patients were analyzed before and after surgery at 1 day, 1 week, 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, 12 months, and 18 months. The differences in intraocular pressure and number of glaucoma medications among primary open-angle glaucoma, primary angle closure glaucoma, secondary glaucoma, and different implantation methods of XEN-45 Gel Stent among patients with primary open-angle glaucoma were compared. The intraoperative and postoperative complications were observed, and the risk factors for needling and surgical complete success were analyzed. Results: A total of 48 eyes from 48 patients were included in this study, comprising 27 males and 21 females, with a mean age of (54.4±18.0) years and the disease duration was 36.0(7.3, 81.0) months.There were 28 cases of primary open-angle glaucoma, 4 cases of primary angle closure glaucoma, and 16 cases of secondary glaucoma.The follow-up period was 8.0 (3.0, 12.0) months. At 12 months after surgery, the intraocular pressure decreased from 20.5 (17.0, 26.0) mmHg to (13.5±3.3) mmHg (P<0.05), and the number of glaucoma medications decreased from 3.0 (3.0, 4.0) to 0.0 (0.0, 0.0) (P<0.05). The complete success rate and qualified success rate were 73.9% (17/23) and 91.3% (21/23), respectively. The most common postoperative complications were shallow anterior chamber in 6 cases (12.5%), hypotony in 3 cases (6.3%), and blocked stent in 3 cases (6.3%). The most common postoperative treatment was needling in 27 cases (56.3%). There was no significant difference in intraocular pressure among different types of glaucoma. In the comparison of postoperative effects of different surgical implantation methods for primary open-angle glaucoma, there were no statistically significant differences in intraocular pressure and the number of glaucoma medications at other follow-up time points except 1 month after surgery (P<0.05). Univariate logistic regression analysis did not find any risk factors associated with needling and surgical complete success. Conclusions: XEN-45 Gel Stent implantation is an effective and safe surgical option for different types of glaucoma patients in China, which can significantly reduce intraocular pressure and the use of glaucoma medications and has a high success rate. However, some patients may need needling or other treatments after surgery.

Abstract PO5-11-07: Short- and long-term treatment-related effects on physical health in breast cancer survivors

Abstract Background. Breast cancer (BC) survivors experience greater physical health declines compared to cancer-free women of the same age, which is thought to be caused by their cancer and its treatment. However, the short- and long-term effects of different types of treatment on physical health are not well understood, especially for hormone therapy. Moreover, whether specific aspects of physical health, such as activities of daily living (ADL), are affected by treatment is unknown. Methods. This analysis was conducted in the Cancer Prevention Study 3 (CPS-3), a prospective cohort study with approximately 300,000 participants enrolled between 2006-2013. Participants returned a baseline survey and triennial follow-up surveys beginning in 2015. Incident, non-metastatic, female BC patients were included in this analysis if they returned a survey at least 90 days after their diagnosis through June 30, 2020, the end of follow-up for this analysis. All 2,551 BC patients included in this study had pre- and post-diagnostic surveys and underwent breast surgery if they were diagnosed with invasive disease. They were matched to up to five cancer-free women on age and year of survey returns (N=12,704). Self-reported physical health and ADL were assessed using the Patient-Reported Outcomes Measurement Information System (PROMIS) Global Health Scale instrument. Treatment information was obtained from cancer registries and self-report and included surgery, chemotherapy, radiation and hormonal therapy. Odds Ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) between treatment received and self-reported physical function were estimated using multivariable ordinal logistic regression models at three time points relative to the case’s diagnosis date: before diagnosis, within 90 days to 5 years after diagnosis, and more than 5 years after diagnosis. Results. Median age at diagnosis was 56 years (interquartile range (IQR): 50-62). Approximately 82% of the tumors were hormone-receptor positive. The median times from the three physical health measurements to diagnoses were 1.7 years before diagnosis (IQR: 0.9 – 2.7), 1.7 years (IQR: 0.9 – 2.5) from 90 days to 5 years post-diagnosis and 6.6 years (IQR: 5.5-7.0) for more than 5 years post-diagnosis. There was a significant risk of physical decline within 5 years of diagnosis for women who received chemotherapy or hormonal therapy compared to cancer-free women (Table 1). However, more than 5 years after diagnosis, the risk of physical decline was only observed among those who received chemotherapy. Treatment combinations that included chemotherapy were also associated with a decline in the ability to carry out ADL during the first 5 years. Patients who received hormonal therapy without chemotherapy were comparable to cancer-free women in their ability to carry out ADL during the post-diagnosis period. BC patients who received surgery only or surgery and radiation reported physical health and ADLs similar to cancer-free women within 5 and &amp;gt;5 years after diagnosis. Conclusions. Post-diagnosis physical health decline is time and treatment dependent. Patients receiving chemotherapy have the greatest overall physical health decline and it is long-lasting. Beyond five years from diagnosis, physical health of breast cancer patients who did not receive chemotherapy were similar to cancer-free women. Strategies are needed to help BC patients receiving chemotherapy overcome the long-term physical function limitations of their cancer treatment. Table. Associations between treatment received and physical health and ability to carry out activities of daily living. OR: Odds Ratio; CI: confidence interval; chemo: chemotherapy; radio: radiation therapy; horm: hormonal therapy. *Associations were adjusted for matching factors, which included age and time from diagnosis to measurement of physical health. Citation Format: Clara Bodelon, Matthew Masters, Lauren McCullough, Alpa Patel, Lauren Teras. Short- and long-term treatment-related effects on physical health in breast cancer survivors [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the 2023 San Antonio Breast Cancer Symposium; 2023 Dec 5-9; San Antonio, TX. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(9 Suppl):Abstract nr PO5-11-07.

Long-Term Improvement of Different Types of Acne Vulgaris Using a Mild Photodynamic Therapy Protocol with BF-200 ALA Gel: A Series of Cases.

Background: Photodynamic therapy (PDT) can be a promising alternative for patients with acne vulgaris. Our study aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of red light photodynamic therapy with BF-200 ALA gel in the treatment of different types of acne vulgaris. Methods: We performed a retrospective, observational study of a series of 22 cases. All patients were treated according to a mild PDT protocol. After a careful wash of the affected skin areas, BF-200 ALA gel was applied to the skin in a thin layer and incubated for 30 min, followed by illumination using narrow-spectrum red light (635 nm) at a dose of 4 J/cm2. Most patients received one (36.4%), two (27.3%), or three (22.7%) PDT sessions. About a third of the patients received concomitant acne treatment with topical retinoids. Results: Patients of 25.1 ± 8.9 years suffering from papulopustular (45.5%), nodular (27.3%), and comedonal acne (27.3%) in the face were included. Irrespective of acne type or severity, 95.5% of patients had good or excellent responses to the treatment with PDT (≥60% lesion clearance). We found no association between concomitant acne medication and the favorable results achieved by PDT. Most patients reported no adverse events (72.7%), except for six patients who experienced erythema. The good efficacy results were maintained over a follow-up period of 12.5 ± 10.8 months. Conclusions: In this study, we show that PDT with BF-200 ALA gel and low light dose is an effective and long-lasting option for the treatment of different acne types.

CAR-NK Cells as Promising Immune Therapeutics: Platforms and Current Progress

Context: Adoptive T-cell therapy with chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) has shown tremendous progress in hematological cancers. However, some obstacles, such as high price tag, cytokine release syndrome, inability to penetrate solid tumors, and manufacturing complexity limit the wide application of this therapy. Natural killer (NK) cells can kill target cells via mechanisms similar to those of CD8+ cytotoxic T cells; therefore, CAR-NK cell therapy is a promising strategy for cancer treatment. Evidence Acquisition: In this manuscript, all articles published in English regarding CAR-NKs and their application for the treatment of different types of cancers were collected from several databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar, using related keywords such as "Cancer, CAR construction, NK cells, and CAR-NK cells". Results: Compared with CAR-T cells, CAR-NK cells have several advantages, including less toxicity, a high potential opportunity for universal off-the-shelf manufacturing, increased infiltration into solid tumors, overcoming resistant tumor microenvironment, and absence of graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). Conclusions: In this review, we discuss NK cell biology, the source of CAR-NK cells, CAR structure, advances, challenges, and ways to overcome these challenges in CAR-NK cell therapy. Furthermore, we have summarized and highlighted some preclinical and clinical studies in this field.

Modern treatment of unicameral and aneurysmatic bone cysts.

The best treatment of unicameral bone cyst and aneurismatic bone cyst (ABC) is debated in the literature. For simple bone cysts, multiple treatments were proposed from observation only to open curettage. The historical treatment with intraosseous injection of methylprednisolone acetate into the bone cysts nowadays is reduced due to the morbidity of multiple injections and the risk of multiple pathologic fractures until the healing. Different types of treatments for ABC are reported, including surgery, percutaneous treatments, and medical treatments; however, there is currently no consensus on the best approach. The association of curettage, bone graft, and elastic stable intramedullary nail (ESIN) had a success rate of over 85%. Decompressing the cyst wall is more critical for increasing the healing rate than the type of graft used to fill the cavity. In ABC, sclerotherapy offers the advantages of lower invasiveness and morbidity, associated with better functional scores and faster return to full weight-bearing. Moreover, they can be used in challenging locations. Selective arterial embolization is a complex procedure and often requires association with other treatments. Further studies are needed to confirm the effectiveness of denosumab and its side effects on skeletally immature patients. Curettage with adjuvants and autogenous bone grafting still shows promising results and can be used in larger, aggressive defects or superficial lesions. For simple bone cysts, the combination of curettage, bone graft, and ESIN showed the best results. Sclerotherapy for ABC also shows promising results.

Artificial Intelligence for Patient Flow

Why Is This an issue? Inefficient patient flow contributes to the overcrowding of health care settings and negative clinical outcomes and patient experiences downstream. Patient flow management aims to achieve seamless patient movement through the health care system and between acute and long-term settings, ensuring timely access to quality care. What Is the Technology? Artificial intelligence (AI)-based patient flow management tools are interventions designed to forecast and monitor patient movement from admission to discharge as they progress through different care settings. AI-driven tools can leverage big data and digital information systems (e.g., electronic health records) to facilitate effective patient flow. AI-based patient appointment scheduling tools, which can help improve patient flow, are created to automate appointment scheduling and optimize it by minimizing wait times and matching the demand for health services and hospital capacity. What Is the Potential Impact? AI tools for patient flow management can support volume forecasting of patients with various conditions, especially those experiencing chronic conditions that require different types of treatment or care in different settings over a long period of time. These AI tools can predict admissions, patient movement from the emergency department to inpatient beds, discharge, and transfers to different health care settings. Evidence for their effectiveness in patients with emergency admissions and those transferred to tertiary and quaternary care, as well as inpatients from the general, cardiology, and mental health departments, was reported. In addition, evidence suggested that AI tools can optimize appointment scheduling in general outpatient settings and operating rooms. In health care systems in Canada, AI tools are being used or investigated to enhance patient flow by predicting emergency admissions, transfers to alternate levels of care, and general inpatient discharges, as well as optimizing capacity planning for patients receiving oncology care. AI appointment scheduling tools are currently being used in some oncology care settings and operating rooms across Canada. The implementation of AI systems generally requires an upfront investment of time and other resources in addition to the financial cost of the system itself for set-up, integration, and staff training. The goal of these systems is to improve efficiency and save money, time, and human resources in the long run. What Else Do We Need to Know? Patient privacy and data security issues are concerns regarding widespread implementation of AI tools trained on electronic health records systems and patient datasets. AI algorithms trained on datasets lacking adequate representation of all relevant patients may not predict their flow accurately. Training datasets with sufficient data from all relevant patient groups can ensure the inputs and outputs of the algorithms accurately reflect patient care needs and mitigate potential bias. To accurately predict the care needs of local patients, AI algorithms, once deployed, should be retrained on site-specific datasets containing data for the patient populations that are representative of the hospital or health system in which they are being used. Not all institutions have the hardware or computing power available to adequately or efficiently process the large amounts of data that are required by these AI systems, or the infrastructure needed to use big data (e.g., from electronic health records), and may require additional resources for implementation, as well as for ongoing maintenance and updating of the systems.

A review of natural products and small-molecule therapeutics acting on central nervous system malignancies: Approaches for drug development, targeting pathways, clinical trials, and challenges.

In 2021, the World Health Organization released the fifth edition of the central nervous system (CNS) tumor classification. This classification uses histopathology and molecular pathogenesis to group tumors into more biologically and molecularly defined entities. The prognosis of brain cancer, particularly malignant tumors, has remained poor worldwide, approximately 308,102 new cases of brain and other CNS tumors were diagnosed in the year 2020, with an estimated 251,329 deaths. The cost and time-consuming nature of studies to find new anticancer agents makes it necessary to have well-designed studies. In the present study, the pathways that can be targeted for drug development are discussed in detail. Some of the important cellular origins, signaling, and pathways involved in the efficacy of bioactive molecules againstCNS tumorigenesis or progression, as well as prognosis and common approaches for treatment of different types of brain tumors, are reviewed. Moreover, different study tools, including cell lines, in vitro, in vivo, and clinical trial challenges, are discussed. In addition, in this article, natural products as one of the most important sources for finding new chemotherapeutics were reviewed and over 700 reported molecules with efficacy against CNS cancer cells are gathered and classified according to their structure. Based on the clinical trials that have been registered, very few of these natural or semi-synthetic derivatives have been studied in humans. The review can help researchers understand the involved mechanisms and design new goal-oriented studies for drug development against CNS malignancies.

Medpor Microplasty For Surgical Treatment of Different Types of Atrophic Rhinitis

Medpor Microplasty For Surgical Treatment of Different Types of Atrophic Rhinitis

Pressure-driven membranes for advanced treatment of textile wastewater: Dye/salt fractionation, concentration, and cleaning strategies

Textile wastewater commonly contains various organic compounds and salt mixtures, potentially raising serious environmental and health concerns. Traditional treatment approaches are hindered by high salinity; consequently, membrane separation technologies have attracted increasing attention over the past few decades. Herein, four commercial pressure-driven membranes with molecular weight cut-off (MWCO) gradients were employed for the advanced treatment of different types of textile wastewater. Specifically, these membranes were initially subjected to a fractionation test toward the dye/salt mixtures, followed by deep concentration of the dye molecules. Using Congo red (CR), methyl blue (MB), NaCl, and Na2SO4 as representative dyes and salts, the results indicated that all membranes could effectively separate dye/salt mixtures and further conduct a deep concentration process toward the separated dye solutions. However, their efficiency and effectiveness largely depend on the membrane pore size and solution characteristics. For instance, membranes with lower MWCOs experience less fouling and shorter operation durations when treating CR-related solutions. All membranes showed improved fractionation efficiency toward MB/salt mixtures, requiring only approximately 10.2–42.9 % of the operation duration compared to CR-related solutions. The loose nanofiltration membrane proved superior to tight ultrafiltration membranes in both fractionation and concentration processes. Further research on cleaning methodologies demonstrated that both alkali and ethanol cleaning were influential in restoring the membrane performance. An appropriate ethanol/water concentration can effectively regenerate severely fouled membranes, achieving a high flux recovery ratio of ∼95 %. This study evaluated state-of-the-art pressure-driven membranes for textile wastewater treatment and guided cleaning strategies for optimal performance recovery.

Clinical efficacy and imaging analysis of oblique lateral lumbar interbody fusion in the treatment of different types of lumbar intervertebral foramen stenosis

PurposeTo analyze and study the clinical efficacy and imaging indexes of oblique lateral lumbar interbody fusion (OLIF) in the treatment of lumbar intervertebral foramen stenosis(LFS) caused by different causes.Method33 patients with LFS treated with OLIF from January 2018 to May 2022 were reviewed. Oswestry Dysfunction Index (ODI) and visual analogue scale (VAS) were calculated before and after operation. Segmental lordotic angle (SLA), lumbar lordotic angle (LLA) and segmental scoliosis angle (SSA), disc height (DH), posterior disc height (PDH), lateral disc height (LDH), foraminal height (FH), foramen width (FW) and foraminal cross-sectional area (FSCA) were measured before and after operation.ResultThe VAS and ODI after operation were significantly improved as compared with those before operation. Compared with pre-operation, the DH, PHD increased by 67.6%, 94.6%, LDH increased by 107.4% (left), 101.7% (right), and FH increased by 30.2% (left), 34.5% (right). The FSCA increased by 93.1% (left), 89.0% (right), and the FW increased by 137.0% (left), 149.6% (right). The postoperative SSA was corrected by 74.5%, the postoperative SLA, LLA were corrected by 70.2%, 38.1%, respectively. All the imaging indexes were significantly improved (p < 0.01).ConclusionThe clinical efficacy and imaging data of OLIF in the treatment of LFS caused by low and moderate lumbar spondylolisthesis, intervertebral disc bulge and reduced intervertebral space height, degenerative lumbar scoliosis, articular process hyperplasia or dislocation have been well improved. OLIF may be one of the better surgical treatments for LFS caused by the above conditions.

Surgical Treatment of Tinnitus

Tinnitus is the perception of sound in the absence of an external sound and often results in a disorder of the somatosensory system or the auditory system. Tinnitus is a common clinical symptom that can be debilitating. The risk factors for tinnitus include hearing loss, ototoxicity, head trauma, and depression. Tinnitus is only a symptom that might be the result of different underlying pathologies. The exact treatment of tinnitus has often several options because of its etiological heterogeneity. Although much progress has been made, tinnitus is still considered a scientific and clinical enigma. The search for effective tinnitus treatment faces considerable challenges. Despite numerous trials, no drugs have been approved by the Food and Drug Administration for the treatment of tinnitus. There are different types of treatment for tinnitus that have been tested in properly controlled trials. These treatment options include pharmacological, acoustic-physical, psychological, and surgical. In clinical practice, no pharmacological agent has been shown to have a lasting effect on the presence or severity of tinnitus. Surgery has a small but definite role in the treatment of tinnitus. Surgical intervention is often helpful in relieving most of the objective tinnitus. This review article discusses the epidemiology, indications, and different surgical approaches for tinnitus.

Abstract 4593: A synergy between MDM2 and AURKB pathways in driving cell cycle and cell survival in lung cancer cells

Abstract Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide and non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is the most prevalent type among lung cancers, contributing to the high mortality seen with this deadly disease. Despite aggressive treatments, the 5-year survival rate for lung cancer is only 23.7% in the United States. MDM2 and AURKB are two cancer-driving genes that are highly expressed in a broad range of cancer types including lung cancers. Furthermore, MDM2 overexpression can positively impact AURKB expression and contribute to oncogenesis and cancer progression. Therefore, blocking MDM2 with specific inhibitors has become a promising strategy for the restoration of p53 function that could be used for the treatment of different types of cancers including lung cancers. In this regard, both MDM2 and AURKB inhibitors have shown promising antitumor activity against NSCLC. Therefore, the main objective of this study was to understand the molecular mechanisms linking MDM2 and ARKB using RG7388, CM272, BMS-582949 (p38 inhibitor), and Ralimetinib (p38 inhibitor) in A549 and H460 lung cancer cells. We analyzed the individual or combination treatment effects of these drugs on epigenetic modifications, cell cycle arrest, and cell death mechanisms, using the in vitro experimental model. When RG7388 was used individually, or in combination with BMS-582949 or Ralimetinib, a significant increase in the cytotoxic effect was observed in A549 and H460 cells. Induction of cell cycle arrest by RG7388 in cancer cells was evidenced by elevated p21 expression levels. In addition, RG7388 and combination treatments in NSCLC cells showed significant upregulation of p53, p27, Bax, cleaved PARP, phospho-FOXO3a and down-regulation in DNMT3a, DNMT1, FOXM1, AURKB, CDC25, and CDK4 levels. It appears that during treatments with a combination of MDM2 with DNMT or p38 inhibitor, two pathways might be blocked simultaneously, which could lead to increased cancer cell death. RG7388 appears to induce cell death in a p21-dependent manner and CM272, BMS-582949, and Ralimetinib seem to induce cell death via a p21-independent manner by inhibiting a downstream pathway. However, further studies are needed to fully understand the intracellular link between MDM2 and AURKB that is disrupted by the anti-cancer agents used in our study. (This project was supported by the PFRDG Grant of Nova Southeastern University and by the Generous support from the Royal Dames of Cancer Research Ft. Lauderdale, FL) Citation Format: Umamaheswari Natarajan, Appu Rathinavelu. A synergy between MDM2 and AURKB pathways in driving cell cycle and cell survival in lung cancer cells [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 4593.

Abstract 4723: Target engagement sheds light on difference in drug efficacy in breast cancer cell lines

Abstract Breast cancer is a serious disease that affects millions of women worldwide, and 700,000 people succumb to the disease annually. Breast cancers are divided into several functional subgroups based on molecular characteristics and growth pattern: Luminal A and B, HER2 positive (HER2+) and triple negative. The subgroups are important from a clinical perspective as they partially guide treatment strategies. In this study we wanted to investigate the difference in target engagement with four drugs indicated for treatment of different types of breast cancer: Alpelisib, Neratinib, Vinorelbine, and Docetaxel. Five different human breast cancer cell lines were included, representing Luminal A (MCF-7, T-47D), HER2+ (SK-BR-3, BT-474), and triple negative (BT-20). We used CETSA® (CEllular Thermal Shift Assay) coupled to mass spectrometry detection to assess proteome wide changes in protein thermal stability in intact breast cancer cell lines. CETSA is unique as a target engagement detection modality as it allows for target engagement assessment in intact cells with unaltered drug molecules. Also, as biology is intact in live cells it is possible to follow compound induced downstream signaling or phenotypic events that result in changed thermal stability of proteins. In addition to assessing protein thermal stability with CETSA, which is a short treatment of 1 h, we also subjected cells in culture to prolonged drug exposures, ≤72 h, in order to measure viability. This was done to correlate early changes in protein thermal stability to the viability phenotype that manifested later. In general, responses both in protein thermal stability and cell viability was heterogenous among the cell lines. The most homogenous response in viability was observed for the Phosphatidyl Inositol 3’ kinase inhibitor Alpelisib, which reduced viability to 20 - 40% in all cell lines. In contrast, partial resistance was shown to the other drugs by at least one of the cell lines. For Alpelisib, the amount and type of proteins that were thermally shifted correlated with the effect on viability. The covalent HER2 inhibitor Neratinib was most effective in inhibiting viability in HER2+ cells and proteins of the HER2 pathway were thermally shifted in these cells, which was not observed for the other cell lines. Viability of the other cell lines were also affected by Neratinib, but only at higher concentrations. Both microtubule inhibitors induced thermal stabilization of tubulins, but that did not always translate into efficacy in the viability assay. However, sensitive cell lines showed thermal shifts of tubulins at lower concentrations of compound. In oncology drug development it is important that effects on viability are driven by on-target efficacy and not by off-target effects. Here we show the benefit of connecting knowledge of target engagement and phenotypic readouts; what targets are engaged, at which concentrations, and what is the corresponding phenotype. Citation Format: Tomas Friman, Tuomas Tolvanen, Merve Kacal, Victoria Brehmer, Stina Lundgren, Laurence Arnold, Daniel Martinez Molina. Target engagement sheds light on difference in drug efficacy in breast cancer cell lines [abstract]. In: Proceedings of the American Association for Cancer Research Annual Meeting 2024; Part 1 (Regular Abstracts); 2024 Apr 5-10; San Diego, CA. Philadelphia (PA): AACR; Cancer Res 2024;84(6_Suppl):Abstract nr 4723.

Marine-Derived Anticancer Agents Targeting Apoptotic Pathways: Exploring the Depths for Novel Cancer Therapies.

Extensive research has been conducted on the isolation and study of bioactive compounds derived from marine sources. Several natural products have demonstrated potential as inducers of apoptosis and are currently under investigation in clinical trials. These marine-derived compounds selectively interact with extrinsic and intrinsic apoptotic pathways using a variety of molecular mechanisms, resulting in cell shrinkage, chromatin condensation, cytoplasmic blebs, apoptotic bodies, and phagocytosis by adjacent parenchymal cells, neoplastic cells, or macrophages. Numerous marine-derived compounds are currently undergoing rigorous examination for their potential application in cancer therapy. This review examines a total of 21 marine-derived compounds, along with their synthetic derivatives, sourced from marine organisms such as sponges, corals, tunicates, mollusks, ascidians, algae, cyanobacteria, fungi, and actinobacteria. These compounds are currently undergoing preclinical and clinical trials to evaluate their potential as apoptosis inducers for the treatment of different types of cancer. This review further examined the compound's properties and mode of action, preclinical investigations, clinical trial studies on single or combination therapy, and the prospective development of marine-derived anticancer therapies.

Impact of (nano ZnO/multi-wall CNTs) prepared by arc discharge method on the removal efficiency of stable iodine 127I and radioactive iodine 131I from water

Radioactive iodine isotopes especially 131I are used for diagnosis and treatment of different types of cancer diseases. Due to the leak of radioactive iodine into the patient’s urine in turn, the wastewater would be contaminated, so it is worth preparing a novel adsorption green material to remove the radioactive iodine from wastewater efficiently. The removal of 127I and 131I contaminants from aqueous solution is a problem of interest. Therefore, this work presents a new study for removing the stable iodine 127I− and radioactive iodine 131I from aqueous solutions by using the novel nano adsorbent (Nano ZnO/MWCNTs) which is synthesized by the arc discharge method. It is an economic method for treating contaminated water from undesired dissolved iodine isotopes. The optimal conditions for maximum removal are (5 mg/100 ml) as optimum dose with shacking (200 rpm) for contact time of (60 min), at (25 °C) in an acidic medium of (pH = 5). After the adsorption process, the solution is filtrated and the residual iodide (127I−) is measured at a maximum UV wavelength absorbance of 225 nm. The maximum adsorption capacity is (15.25 mg/g); therefore the prepared nano adsorbent (Nano ZnO/MWCNTs) is suitable for treating polluted water from low iodide concentrations. The adsorption mechanism of 127I− on to the surface of (Nano ZnO/MWCNTs) is multilayer physical adsorption according to Freundlich isotherm model and obeys the Pseudo-first order kinetic model. According to Temkin isotherm model the adsorption is exothermic. The removal efficiency of Nano ZnO/MWCNTs for stable iodine (127I−) from aqueous solutions has reached 97.23%, 89.75%, and 64.78% in case of initial concentrations; 0.1843 ppm, 0.5014 ppm and 1.0331 ppm, respectively. For the prepared radio iodine (131I−) solution of radioactivity (20 µCi), the dose of nano adsorbent was (10 mg/100 ml) and the contact time was (60 min) at (pH = 5) with shacking (200 rpm) at (25 °C). The filtration process was done by using a syringe filter of a pore size (450 nm) after 2 days to equilibrate. The removal efficiency reached (34.16%) after the first cycle of treatment and the percentage of residual radio iodine was (65.86%). The removal efficiency reached (94.76%) after five cycles of treatment and the percentage of residual radio iodine was (5.24%). This last percentage was less than (42.15%) which produces due to the natural decay during 10 days.

Initial development and psychometric properties of the Therapist Quality Scale.

This study sought to develop and evaluate the psychometric properties of a brief measure of the quality of therapist treatment delivery that would be applicable for use across different types of psychosocial chronic pain treatments: the Therapist Quality Scale (TQS). An initial pool of 14 items was adapted from existing measures, with items selected that are relevant across interventions tested in a parent trial comparing an 8-week, group, Zoom-delivered mindfulness meditation, cognitive therapy, and behavioral activation for chronic back pain from which data for this study were obtained. A random selection of 25% of video-recorded sessions from each cohort was coded for therapist quality (two randomly selected sessions per group), with 66 sessions included in the final analyses (n = 33 completed pairs). Items were coded on a 7-point Likert-type scale. Exploratory factor analysis (EFA) and reliability estimates were generated. EFA showed a single-factor solution that provided a parsimonious explanation of the correlational structure for both sessions. Eight items with factor loadings of ≥ .60 in both sessions were selected to form the TQS. Reliability analyses demonstrated all items contributed to scale reliability, and internal consistency reliabilities were good (αs ≥ .86). Scores for the eight-item TQS from the two sessions were significantly correlated (r = .59, p < .001). The TQS provides a brief measure with preliminary psychometric support that is applicable for use across different types of treatments to rate the quality of the therapist's delivery. The items assess quality in delivering specific techniques, maintaining session structure, and in developing and maintaining therapeutic rapport. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2024 APA, all rights reserved).

A PROSPECTIVE OBSERVATIONAL STUDY ON PRESCRIPTION ANALYSIS OF ANTIEPILEPTIC DRUGS AT TERTIARY CARE HOSPITAL

The present study was aimed to analyze the prescription patterns of various uses of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs)in the strategic treatment of different types of epilepsy in a tertiary care hospital in the northern Telangana of India. A total of 157 patients were included in this study and patients with epilepsy of specific group are included. The demographic data shows a greater number of males 99 (63%) and female 58 (37%). The majority of patients were 44 (28%) belonged to 20-30 years of age group, 43 (27%) patients belonged to 30-40 years of age group. Generalized tonic clonic seizures (GTCS) were the most commonly diagnosed epilepsy (46%) and monotherapy (75%) were prescribed. Levetiracetam was the most common monotherapy (54%). Levetiracetam with clobazam was commonly prescribed two drug combinations (6%). Among polytherapy levetiracetam with sodium valproate and clobazam (2%). Levetiracetam was commonest prescribed AED as monotherapy and in combinational as well as polytherapy. The study concluded that educating patients regarding the antiepileptic drugs is necessary to avoid the medications related problems which helps in improving patient for better care.

Cue-exposure treatment influences resting-state functional connectivity—a randomized controlled fMRI study in alcohol use disorder

RationaleCue-exposure therapy (CET) consists of exposing patients to the cause of their affliction in a controlled environment and after psychological preparation. Ever since it was conceived, it has been suggested as a treatment for different types of behavioural impairments, from anxiety disorders to substance abuse. In the field of addictive behaviour, many different findings have been shown regarding the effectiveness of this therapy.ObjectivesThis study aims to examine the underlying neurobiological mechanisms of the effects of CET in patients with alcohol use disorder using resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI).MethodsIn a randomized, controlled study, we examined patients after inpatient detoxification as well as healthy controls. Patients underwent nine sessions of CET spaced over 3 weeks. Rs-fMRI was conducted before treatment and 3 weeks after treatment onset in patients, healthy controls received only one rs-fMRI measurement. The final participant sample with complete data included 35 patients in the CET group, 17 patients in the treatment-as-usual group, and 43 HCs.ResultsOur results show differences in the Salience Network when comparing the CET group to the treatment-as-usual group (TAU). Functional connectivity between the anterior cingulate Cortex (ACC) and the insula was increased after CET, whereas it was decreased from ACC to the putamen and globus pallidus. Further, increased connectivity with the precuneus was found in the dorsal attention network after cue exposure treatment.ConclusionsThese findings suggest that cue exposure therapy changes the resting-state brain connectivity with additional effects to the standard psychotherapy treatment. Hence, our study results suggest why including CET in standard therapies might improve the preparation of patients in front of daily situations.

Garrè Sclerosing Osteomyelitis of the Clavicle: Clinical Results after Clavicular Resection.

(1) Background: Chronic non-bacterial osteomyelitis (CNO), also known as sclerosing osteomyelitis of Garrè, is a rare inflammatory bone disease with a specific clinical picture, uncertain pathogenesis, and no consensus on an effective treatment. Most frequently affecting other long bones, CNO may rarely involve the clavicle. The aim of this study was to present the results of a series of patients affected by CNO of the clavicle treated with total and partial clavicula resection. In addition, a literature review of different types of treatment of CNO was performed. (2) Methods: We retrospectively reviewed three patients with Sclerosing Osteomyelitis of Garre' of the clavicle treated with partial resection of the clavicle (one) and with total clavicular resection (two). (3) Results: Patients (two female and one male) were an average age of 35.7 years at the time of the operation. At the 4-year follow-up, the mean active ROM was: 143° forward flexion, 133° abduction, 42° external rotation with an internal rotation of two patients at the interscapular level and one patient at the lumbosacral junction. The mean ASES score was 92/100 (range 87-100). In the literature review, after screening the abstracts and full texts for eligibility, 34 studies met the inclusion criteria. Conclusions: Partial or total clavicular resection resulted an effective treatment of CNO of the clavicle. The procedure seems to be particularly indicated after the failure of more conservative treatments.

Influence of Soil Parameters and Sowing Technics on Different Genotypes of Pearl Millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.). R. Br

Productivity improvement by adapting varieties to their environment was a major concern in the Sahel countries.  Climatic constraints and low soil fertility are the main factors conditioning millet yield. The objective of this study is to evaluate the influence of edaphic parameters, sowing technics, and fertilization on the improvement of eight genotypes of millet. For this, a trial including eight varieties of millet in split plot was installed on the experimental station of CERRA in Maradi in 2020 during the rainy season. Soil samples at a depth of 20 cm were collected at the beginning and the end of experiment. Soil pH, organic carbon, and assimilable phosphorus were determined. Two sowing technics, seed balls, and direct sowing were applied. In seed balls, two types of fertilizer were used: the NPK (15-15-15) and ash. Phenology parameters and grain yield of each variety was measured. A statistical analysis of these data showed that edaphic parameters do not significantly influence yield. However, a significant variation in grain yield was observed among genotypes. Specifically, the variety ICMV IS 89305 exhibited a significantly higher grain yield (789 +/- 590 kg ha-1) compared to ICVH 18 (348+/-289 kg ha-1). Moreover, the different types of treatments applied to the seedlings showed a significant difference in terms of grain yield. The SSB treatments yielded more (1101+/-541 kg ha-1) than the BSC (480+/-463 kg ha-1) and BSE (317+/-322 kg ha-1) ball treatments. These results highlight substantial variability both within and between treatments. The positive effect of seed balls and fertilizer included vary according to the context. Specifically, when rainfall is scarce, seed balls prove to be non-efficient in improving the yield of millet.