Treatment Of Suppurative Otitis Media Research Articles

Janus mesoporous organosilica/platinum nanomotors for active treatment of suppurative otitis media.

We report a Janus mesoporous organosilica/platinum (MOS/Pt) nanomotor for active targeted treatment of suppurative otitis media, as a new type of multi-functional ear drop. The efficient propulsion of MOS/Pt nanomotors in hydrogen peroxide ear-cleaning drops significantly improves their binding efficiency with Staphylococcus aureus and enhances their antibacterial efficacy.

Preparation of levofloxacin thermo-sensitive gel and clinical application in the treatment of suppurative otitis media

Conclusion: The levofloxacin thermo-sensitive gel prepared using 17% poloxamer 407 (P407) can successfully treat suppurative otitis media (SOM) through the well-controlled release of levofloxacin targeted against the inflammation. Objective: To evaluate the preparation method and therapeutic effect of levofloxacin thermo-sensitive gel used in the treatment of SOM. Methods: The phase inversion temperatures of 16%, 17%, 18%, 19%, and 20% P407 or P407 solution with 3 mg/ml levofloxacin were determined and the one close to 34°C was selected as the optimal concentration. Then a model of SOM was induced by injection of 0.1 ml Staphylococcus aureus (1 × 108/L) in the left ear of 32 Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. Normal saline injected in the right ear was used as the control. Then rats were treated with 0.1 ml normal saline (group A), levofloxacin (group B), P407 (group C), and levofloxacin thermo-sensitive gel (group D) (n = 8). The tympanic membranes were evaluated by otoscopy and hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining. Results: The optimal concentration of P407 was 17% and the release of levofloxacin in thermo-sensitive gel followed zero-order kinetics. Levofloxacin thermo-sensitive gel and levofloxacin drops could both alleviate the local inflammation in the first 3 days, but levofloxacin drops could not inhibit the recurrence of SOM, while the levofloxacin gel performed continuous drug delivery into inflammation without recurrence.

Tetanus – still a scourge in the 21st century: a paediatric hospital-based study in India

Tetanus remains endemic in India. A retrospective hospital-based study was conducted to review the profile of all children admitted with diagnosis of tetanus between January 2009 and December 2010. A total of 140 cases of tetanus were admitted; 45 cases of neonatal tetanus (NT) and 77 cases of post-neonatal tetanus (PNT) were studied. Age of presentation of NT was 9.4 ± 1.2 days. Home-delivered children accounted for 86.7% of cases, with 77.8% being attended by untrained birth attendants. Unimmunized mothers accounted for 93.4%. In PNT, otogenic route of infection and trauma were present in 58.4% and 23.3% of cases, respectively. The rate of hospital admission of tetanus remains high. Unlike previously published reports, otogenic route is the most common mode of PNT infection in this study. Improving immunization, increasing deliveries by skilled birth attendants and prompt treatment of suppurative otitis media are the main areas in which public health initiatives need to be focused.

Bezold's Abscess in the Setting of Untreated HIV Infection

Reports of Bezold's abscess are rare. Classically, Bezold's abscess is described as a complication of mastoiditis in which infection spreads deep to the sternocleidomastoid muscle and throughout the fascial planes of the neck. Antibiotic treatment of suppurative otitis media has considerably decreased the incidence of complications resulting from this disease. We present a unique case report of Bezold's abscess in the setting ofa patient with untreated HIV. To our knowledge, this is the first reported case of Bezold's abscess and HIV. Despite its rarity, clinicians must have a high suspicion for Bezold's abscess in the setting of complicated otitis media and HIV; it must be recognized early in immunocompromised patients and treated aggressively due to its potentially fatal outcome. Case report and review of the literature. We review the clinical course of a thirty five year old male HIV patient with a chronically draining ear and progressive neck stiffness, found to have a Bezold's abscess on CT. The incidence, pathogenesis and treatment of Bezold's abscess are discussed with special reference to the clinical presentation in the setting of an immunocompromised host. After broad-spectrum intravenous antibiotic therapy, mastoidectomy and surgical incision and drainage of the neck abscess, the patient recovered and had begun antiretroviral therapy at six-month follow-up. Bezold's abscess should be considered in the setting of complicated otitis media with neck stiffness and immunocompromised, specifically untreated HIV. The diagnosis and prompt, aggressive treatment of Bezold's abscess is necessary for an optimal clinical outcome

中耳腔に投与された薬剤の安全性について

A literature review of the safety or ototoxicity of antimicrobials applied to the middle ear cavity was performed. Animal experiments indicated ototoxic effects of otic drops used for the treatment of suppurative otitis media as well as some antiseptic solutions used for preoperative sterilization for the middle ear surgery. Clinical experience indicated fewer adverse effects following the use of antimicrobials and antiseptics in the middle ear cavity, although scant but serious side effects have been reported in the literature. The discrepancy of animal experiment and clinical experience is due largely to the anatomical differences of the cochlea, the round window of rodents are very thin and exposed into the middle ear cavity, whereas that of humans is thick and situated deep in the niche, and often covered with a pseudomembrane.We evaluated the safety of recently marketed eardrops Ofloxacin (OFLX) and Fosfomycin sodium (FOM). Based on the lack of reduction of the compound action potential in guinea pigs, we concluded that there was no ototoxic effect using OFLX or FOM.Also, the ototoxic effect of a Povidone-Iodine preparation was studied. Full strength solution instilled into the middle ear cavity did not cause sensorineural hearing loss at the 24 hours, indicating that rinsing the middle ear cavity with saline during surgery should prevent ototoxic effects of this product.

Bezold's abscess in children: case report and review of the literature

The introduction of antibiotics in the treatment of suppurative otitis media has significantly decreased the incidence of complications. Reports of Bezold's abscess secondary to this disorder are rare, particularly in infants and young children, in whom mastoid bone pneumatization is not yet complete. We present a case of Bezold's abscess occurring in a child aged 18 months. The literature is reviewed and methods to accurately diagnose this complication are emphasized.

Adenoids and otitis media with effusion: A morphological study

Purpose: Adenoidectomy, especially for the treatment of suppurative otitis media, has been used for a very long time. In this study, the role of adenoids in the origin of otitis media with effusion was investigated by using light microscopy, immunocytochemistry, enzymechemistry, and electron microscopy. Materials and Methods: A group of 28 children with otitis media with effusion (OME) was identified. Ages ranged from 3 to 12 years. A control group of 10 age-matched children without any middle ear and upper respiratory tract infection served as the basis for comparison. Specimens obtained at surgeries from both groups were divided into groups for light microscopy, immunocytochemistry, enzyme cytochemistry, and electron microscopy and then all were examined blindly. Also, quantitative analysis of antigen-presenting cells was performed blindly on 10 patients and 10 controls. Results: There was an increase in the number of lymphocytes, mast cells, plasma cells, macrophages, dendritic cells, and M cells in the adenoids of patients with OME when compared with the normal cases. Stratified squamous epithelial areas, collagenous fibers, and fibrocytes were also increased in the patient group. Antigen-presenting functions of epithelial cells are shown by major histocompatibility complex (MHC) class II positivity of some ciliated-columnar epithelial cells in the patient group. Conclusion: Adenoid tissues of patients with OME in this study seem to be infectious foci, aggravating immune reactions, which might attack the middle ear through an ascending route.

Ciprofloxacin in the Treatment of Suppurative Otitis Media and Sinusitis

Ciprofloxacin in the Treatment of Suppurative Otitis Media and Sinusitis

Ciprofloxacin and the inner ear--a morphological and round window membrane permeability study.

This study was conducted in order to evaluate ototoxic potential and passage through the round window membrane of ciprofloxacin, a newly developed antimicrobial drug with an antibacterial spectrum well suited for the treatment of suppurative otitis media. Ciprofloxacin was injected intraperitoneally in 40 guinea pigs in doses ranging from 25 to 150 mg/kg body weight for 14 consecutive days. Sixteen inner ears of chinchillas were exposed to ciprofloxacin at a concentration of 0.1 mg/ml applied directly to the intact round window membrane. Despite severe deterioration of the animals injected with the highest doses, no behavioral or definite morphological evidence of inner ear or vestibular damage could be seen. Ciprofloxacin concentrations in the perilymph were determined with high-performance liquid chromatography. Direct passage of ciprofloxacin, presumably via the round window membrane, was demonstrated. After 1 h and 15 min, an arithmetic mean concentration of 0.165 micrograms/ml (95% confidence interval +/- 0.053) could be demonstrated in the perilymph. It can be concluded that ciprofloxacin has no ototoxic effect when administered systemically. Furthermore, when locally applied into the middle ear, it has the capacity to pass into the inner ear.

Studies on meropenem for treatment of suppurative otitis media

Studies on meropenem for treatment of suppurative otitis media

Bezold's abscess

Since the introduction of antibiotics for the treatment of suppurative otitis media the incidence of complications from this disease has been greatly diminished. Acute mastoiditis, resulting in the deep neck abscess known as Bezold's abscess, has become very rare. A case of Bezold's abscess is presented with special reference to the clinical presentation and pathogenesis of this now uncommon condition. The variations in the routes of spread of the abscess in the fascial planes of the neck are described in detail. The difference between what is known today as a Bezold's abscess and the abscess that Bezold described in the early part of this century are presented.

A comparative double blind study of T-3262 (Tosufloxacin tosilate) with Ofloxacin for the treatment of suppurative otitis media

A comparative double blind study of T-3262 (Tosufloxacin tosilate) with Ofloxacin for the treatment of suppurative otitis media

Evaluation of TE-031 in treatment of suppurative otitis media

Evaluation of TE-031 in treatment of suppurative otitis media

A Comparative Double Blind Study of T-2588 with Cefaclor for the Treatment of Suppurative Otitis Media

A Comparative Double Blind Study of T-2588 with Cefaclor for the Treatment of Suppurative Otitis Media

The Use of Tobramycin in the Treatment of Suppurative Otitis Media

The Use of Tobramycin in the Treatment of Suppurative Otitis Media

Treatment of Suppurative Otitis Media in Paediatric Patients

Thirty-nine paediatric patients with suppurative otitis media were studied. General principles of treatment were followed and sodium cefazolin ( a new cephalosporin effective even on β- lactamase-producing organisms) was given intramuscularly at a dose of 25 mg/kg every 12 hours.Clinical effectiveness was excellent, since 100% of patients were cured by the 7th day of treatment at the latest and 80% within 48 hours. Drug levels in the blood and purulent matter from the middle ear were determined in five cases, and it was found that cefazolin concentrates 2.5 times more in this secretion than in the blood.The need for myringotomy in the early stages of the disease, as well as for daily aspiration of secretion, is stressed, as is the use of an antimicrobial agent resistant to the inhibiting effect of penicillinase and cephalosporinase since, in our environment, 41% of bacteria causing this pathology produce these enzymes.

STREPTOMYCIN USED IN THE TREATMENT OF SUPPURATIVE OTITIS MEDIA: A Preliminary Report

A MULTITUDE of measures have been tried in the treatment of suppurative otitis media. None is entirely satisfactory. This is particularly true in cases in which the otitis is chronic. A large percentage of the ears in which the condition is refractive will be found to be infected with gram-negative bacilli, namely, Bacillus proteus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. In ears from which these organisms were cultured, the results obtained with the usual methods of treatment in our hands, including the sulfonamide drugs and penicillin, have been consistently disappointing, though these same organisms are supposedly saprophytic. Often they must be pathogens. Since gram-negative bacilli usually are resistant to sulfonamide compounds and penicillin in vitro and in vivo, streptomycin was tried in a small series of ears infected with gram-negative bacilli after their sensitivity to this antibiotic had been proved in the laboratory by other workers. Streptomycin was used in a series of

The Treatment of Suppurative Otitis Media

The Treatment of Suppurative Otitis Media

The Treatment of Suppurative Otitis Media and Mastoiditis Due to Streptococcus Hæmolyticus by Vaccines in Addition to Operation

The Treatment of Suppurative Otitis Media and Mastoiditis Due to Streptococcus Hæmolyticus by Vaccines in Addition to Operation

RECENT PROGRESS IN OTOLOGIC DISEASES OF CHILDREN

During the past twenty-five years progress in the surgical treatment of suppurative otitis media achieved by the classical Schwartz and his followers in Europe, together with many American otologists, has brought this special branch of surgery to the foremost ranks. It has been the means of saving innumerable lives of children. It has saved them from being hopelessly deaf. It has made them selfsustaining and fitted them well for their life work; whereas, prior to this time many of them had been made public charges. While this branch of otology has progressed with great rapidity, not so much can be said for the treatment for the nonsuppurative forms of deafness. During the past year a great deal of conscientious work has been done along the lines of teaching the deaf child to be a selfsustaining and a useful citizen. Dr. Max A Goldstein 1 of St. Louis, offers a classification