Treatment Of Stomach Pain Research Articles

Recent Situation of Acupuncture and Moxibustion in the Treatment of Stomach Pain with Deficiency and Cold of Spleen and Stomach

Recent Situation of Acupuncture and Moxibustion in the Treatment of Stomach Pain with Deficiency and Cold of Spleen and Stomach

ANTIHYPERURESEMIA ACTIVITY OF ETHANOL EXTRACTS AND FRACTIONS OF NIPAH LEAF FRONDS (NYPA FRUTICANS. WURMB)

Hyperuresemia is a metabolite syndrome characterised by high levels of uric acid in the blood. Hyperuresmia in advanced stages can cause gout or pyrexia (a disease that affects the joints and causes joint damage), kidney stones, kidney damage, and hypertension. The nipah plant (Nypa fruticans. Wurmb) is traditionally used in the treatment of stomach pain, diabetes, fever, toothache, uric acid reduction and headache medicine. In general, the content of secondary metabolite compounds from nipah plants includes flavonoids, phenols, tannins, terpenois, steroids, alkaloids and saponins. The purpose of this study was to determine the xanthine oxidase inhibitory activity of ethanol extracts and fractions of nipah leaves (Nypa fruticans. Wurmb). Extraction process using maceration method with 96% ethanol solvent, fractionation using liquid-liquid partition method with separating funnel. . Testing the inhibition of xanthine oxidase enzyme activity in vitro using UV/VIS spectrophotometer. The results showed that ethanol extract, water fraction, ethyl acetate fraction and n-hexane fraction showed inhibitory activity of xanthine oxidase enzyme with IC50 values of 47.558 ± 2.862; 18.755 ± 3.821; 3.543 ± 1.440 and 110.213 ± 1.577 ppm, respectively. From the results of the study it can be concluded that ethanol extracts and fractions of nipah leaf fronds (Nypa fruticans.Wurmb) can inhibit the activity of xanthine oxidase enzyme with ethyl acetate fraction giving the highest inhibitory activity with IC50 value of 3,543±1,440 ppm.

Pharmacological Extracts and Molecules from Virola Species: Traditional Uses, Phytochemistry, and Biological Activity.

Virola is the largest genus of Myristicaceae in America, comprising about 60 species of medium-sized trees geographically spread from Mexico to southern Brazil. The plant species of this genus have been widely used in folk medicine for the treatment of several ailments, such as rheumatic pain, bronchial asthma, tumors in the joints, intestinal worms, halitosis, ulcers, and multiple infections, due to their pharmacological activity. This review presents an updated and comprehensive summary of Virola species, particularly their ethnomedicinal uses, phytochemistry, and biological activity, to support the safe medicinal use of plant extracts and provide guidance for future research. The Virola spp.’s ethnopharmacology, including in the treatment of stomach pain and gastric ulcers, as well as antimicrobial and tryponosomicidal activities, is attributable to the presence of a myriad of phytoconstituents, such as flavonoids, tannins, phenolic acids, lignans, arylalkanones, and sitosterol. Hence, such species yield potential leads or molecular scaffolds for the development of new pharmaceutical formulations, encouraging the elucidation of not-yet-understood action mechanisms and ascertaining their safety for humans.

Chemical characterization and evaluation of gastric antiulcer properties of the hydroethanolic extract of the stem bark of Virola elongata (Benth.) Warb.

Ethnopharmacological relevanceVirola elongata is a tree species belonging to the Myristicaceae family, distributed in the North and Midwest regions of Brazil, in the phytogeographic domain of the Amazon. The aqueous infusion or the hydroethanolic macerate of the stem bark of V. elongata are used in Brazilian and Ecuadorian indigenous folk medicine for several ethnopharmacological purposes, principally, in the treatment of stomach pain, indigestions, and gastric ulcers. This study was aimed to investigate the gastroprotective activity of this plant in order to support its popular use with scientific evidence. Materials and methodsThe stem bark hydroethanolic extract of the plant (HEVe) was prepared by maceration. Its qualitative and quantitative phytochemical constituents were investigated by classical colorimetric techniques, HPLC, and electrospray ionization-multiple stage fragmentation (ESI-MSn). The gastroprotective and antiulcer activity of HEVe at doses of 100, 300 and 900 mg/kg p.o. were tested using three acute (acidified ethanol, piroxicam, and in-water-restrain stress), and one chronic (acetic acid) animal ulcer models. The probable mode of action of the HEVe was evaluated by analyzing gastric acid secretion, mucus content, nitric oxide effect, and its antioxidant properties (on catalase, myeloperoxidase, and GSH content) in experimental rodents. The direct extract's activity on the growth of Helicobacter pylori was also investigated. ResultsTotal phenolic content in the HEVe was of 146.20 ± 1.07 mg, being flavonoids about 50% (71.79 ± 0.70 mg) of it. Comparative HPLC fingerprint analysis revealed the presence of known phenolic antiulcer compounds, such as gallic acid, catechin, and rutin. Also, methanol/water fractionation and ESI-MSn analysis of the HEVe reveals the presence of quinic acid, 3,3′,4-trihydroxystilbene, juruenolid D, one catechin dimer, one C-glycosyl flavonoid, one polyketide and two neolignans as the major components of the extract. The HEVe attenuated gastric ulceration in all the different models of acute gastric ulcer, by enhancing gastroprotection through its antioxidant properties in vivo, and reducing also considerably the gastric secretion and total acidity. The HEVe also presented healing properties against the induced chronic ulceration process. On the other hand, the HEVe did not exhibit direct activity against H. pylori. ConclusionThe HEVe exhibited significant gastroprotective/antiulcer effects and contain a relative high proportion of phenolic compounds, especially flavonoids, that could likely account, at least in part, for its pharmacological properties. The results justify its traditional usage and provided scientific evidence for its potential as a new herbal medicine to treat gastric ulcers.

Anti-edematogenic and anti-inflammatory activity of the essential oil from Croton rhamnifolioides leaves and its major constituent 1,8-cineole (eucalyptol)

The species Croton rhamnifolioides, belonging to the Croton genus, is known in ethnomedicine as “quebra faca” and is used in the treatment of stomach pain, vomiting and fever. This study aims to evaluate the anti-edematogenic and anti-inflammatory effect of Croton rhamnifolioides leaf essential oil (OEFC) and its major constituent: 1,8-cineole (eucalyptol). The essential oil was extracted from fresh leaves through a hydrodistillation system. The chemical analysis was determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The acute anti-inflammatory activity was determined from the models of: ear edema by the single application of croton oil, paw edema induced by: carrageenan, dextran, histamine and arachidonic acid, while vascular permeability was determined by Evans blue extravasation and chronic anti-inflammatory activity by granuloma induction using the implantation of cotton pellets. The GC–MS results identified and quantified 11 constituents, with the major component being 1,8-cineole (41.33%). The OEFC (20mg/mL) and 1,8-cineole (8.26mg/mL) significantly reduced the edema induced by croton oil by 42.1 and 34.9%, respectively. The OEFC (25, 50, 100 and 200mg/kg) and 1,8-cineole (10.33, 20.66, 41.33 and 82.66mg/kg) statistically reduced paw edema induced by carrageenan, dextran as well as vascular permeability (protein extravasation). The OEFC (25mg/kg) and 1,8-cineole (10.33mg/kg) demonstrated efficacy in reducing edema induced by histamine and arachidonic acid and granuloma. In conclusion, the OEFC and 1,8-cineole have anti-inflammatory activity in the acute and chronic phase, suggesting therapeutic potential as a source for the development of new anti-inflammatory agents.

Phytochemical screening and antimicrobial evaluation of the methanol extract and fractions of the leaves of <i>Piper umbellatum</i> Linn (Piperaeceae)

Piper umbellatum is widely distributed tropical plant species. The plant has been reported to possess an array activity including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antifungal, analgesic and skin protection. It is consumed as a vegetable and used ethnomedicinally in the treatment of stomach pain in Edo state, Nigeria. The antimicrobial property of the plant is being advocated. This present study aims at evaluating the phytochemistry of the methanol extract of P. umbellatum including analytical thin layer chromatography of the extract. This study evaluated the antimicrobial activity of the methanol extract of P. umbellatum as well as the n-butanol; n-hexane and chloroform fractions of the extract obtained by partitioning the methanol extract using clinical isolates in agar dilution technique. This study also went further to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of the methanol extract and the n-hexane fraction of the extract. Phytochemical screening of the dry leaves indicated the presence of carbohydrates, cardiac glycosides, saponins, tannins and alkaloids. TLC revealed that a non-polar solvent system is preferable for isolation. The methanol extract, n-hexane fraction and n-butanol fractions inhibited all the test microorganisms at the doses used. The MIC for both the methanol extract and n-hexane fraction were found to be <25mg/ml. This study therefore confirms the antimicrobial activity of Piper umbellatum.Keywords: Piper umbellatum; Methanol extract; Antimicrobial activity; Phytochemistry; Chromatography

Preliminary Analysis of the Discipline from Yan Zhenghua's Prescription for the Treatment of Stomach Pain Based on Natural Medicine Combination Modes

Abstract Medicinal prescription is one of the important criteria for the compatibility of Chinese medicine. This article analyzes the herbal medicine combination prescribed by Prof. Yan Zhenghua, a national Chinese medicine expert, for the treatment of stomach pain. Prof. Yan has explored research methods for the compatibility of Chinese medicine based on the natural medicine combination modes. The corresponding prescription database of existing prescriptions has been established. Algorithms for association rules were used in the analysis of combination modes of Yan Zhenghua's prescription for the treatment of stomach pain. The results revealed the prescription characteristics of Yan Zhenghua's treatment of stomach pain. This study puts forward new ideas based on the prominent doctor's academic views.