NPK Fertilizer Treatment Research Articles

PENGARUH LARUTAN PUPUK HAYATI ENDOMIKORIZA ASAL AKAR MERANTI TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI TANAMAN KANGKUNG

Water spinach (Ipomoea sp) is a plant that is widely consumed by people as a vegetable because it is cheap and easy to cultivate. The main problems in growing water spinach are soil fertility and attack by plant pests and diseases. To increase production from kale farming, farmers generally use inorganic fertilizers such as NPK which in reality can cause environmental pollution. For this reason, various efforts to use organic (environmentally friendly) fertilizers such as fungal and bacterial biofertilizers remain the focus of research to date. Mycorrhizal fungi are known to have quite a lot of benefits for plants, especially in providing phosphate and nitrogen nutrients for host plants. In the forestry sector, it is known that the roots of meranti plants (Shorea sp) and the roots of pine plants (Pinus sp) are natural hosts for the growth and development of mycorrhizal fungi. Therefore, the aim of this research is to determine the effect of endomycorrhizal solution fertilizer from meranti roots on the growth and production of water spinach plants. The results of the research show that the endomycorrhizal biofertilizer solution from meranti roots produces growth and production of water spinach plants that are not significantly different from the NPK fertilizer treatment, so from an environmental safety aspect, it is proposed that it is better to use endomycorrhizal biofertilizer because it is environmentally friendly.

Respon Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Bawang Merah (Allium ascalonium L.) Terhadap Pupuk NPK

North Sumatra is shallots. Shallot (Allium ascolonicum L.) is a horticulture that has many benefits for people's lives, both from economic value and nutritional content, so that shallot production increases every year and is proven based on BPS (Central Statistics Agency) for the last 5 years. The effort needed to meet the needs of shallot production is to increase soil productivity, using the addition of NPK fertilizer. This study used factorial randomized group design (RAK). For accuracy in this study, it was repeated 3 times. namely: NPK fertilizer (N) with 3 levels, namely: N0 = Control, N1 = 5 g/plant, and N2 = 10 g/plant. The results of the Anova Variance test showed that the response of NPK fertilizer treatment to plant height 3 mst, 4 mst, 5 mst, 6 mst and wet weight of tubers per plot (g) had a significant effect, but the observation of the number of tubers per sample plant (tubers), and the diameter of tubers per sample (mm) had no significant effect. Keywords: NPK fertilizer, NPK dosage, and shallots

Pengaruh Aplikasi Pupuk NPK Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Tanaman Wortel (Daucus carota L.)

Indonesia is one of the tropical countries that has a variety of plants including vegetables and fruits. One that has the largest production is carrots (Daucus carota L.). Carrots are a type of shrub-shaped vegetable plant, which grows upright with a height of 30-100 cm or more. Carrots (Daucus carota L.) are a tuberous vegetable type plant that is usually reddish yellow or yellowish orange with a wood-like texture. The edible part of a carrot is the bulb or root. The plant stores food reserves in the bulb. The stem is short, has a taproot that changes its shape and function into a round and elongated tuber. The skin of carrot bulbs is thin and if eaten raw, it feels crunchy and slightly sweet. Here's a picture of a carrot plant. One way to increase the yield of carrot plants is by increasing soil productivity, using the addition of NPK fertilizer. This study used a factorial randomized group design (RAK). For accuracy in this study, it was repeated 3 times. namely: NPK fertilizer (N) with 3 levels, namely: N0 = Control, N1 = 15 g/plot, and N2 = 25 g/plot. From the ANOVA test results, the variance of treatments that have a significant effect is continued with the Duncan DMRT test at the 5% level. The results of the ANOVA test showed that the effect of NPK fertilizer treatment on plant height 21 hst and 28 hst, the number of leaves had no significant effect, but the observation of the diameter of the base of the tuber, the fresh weight of the plant per sample and the fresh weight of the plant per plot had a significant effect. Keywords: NPK fertilizer, NPK dosage, and carrot plants

Effect of NPK fertilization and seed rate on barley (Hordeum vulgare) yield, yield component and nitrogen dynamics in semi-arid conditions

Objective: This study aimed to investigate the impact of varying of NPK fertilization doses and seed rates on barley (Hordeum vulgare) yield, yield components, and inorganic nitrogen (NH4-N and NO3-N) dynamics in semi-arid conditions without artificial irrigation. Material and Methods: The field experiment was conducted at the Gobustan Experimental Station from October 2018 to June 2019, utilizing the "Celilabad-19" barley variety. A randomized complete block design with four replications was employed, incorporating various seed rates and NPK fertilizer treatments. Plant and soil samples were collected at different phenological stages, and analyses included grain and straw yield, yield parameters, total N content of plant, and soil NH4-N and NO3-N levels. Results and Discussion: The results the treatment with a seed rate of 140 kg/ha and N60P45K45 fertilizer application consistently demonstrated the highest aboveground biomass, grain, and straw yields. This treatment exhibited optimal N content during the Full Maturity stage of plant. Conclusion: In conclusion, this study has provided insights into optimizing barley cultivation practices in semi-arid climates, such as seed rate and NPK fertilizer dose. With a seed rate of 140 kg/ha and N60P45K45 fertilizer application, the highest yield and performance indicators were achieved in the “Celilabad-19” barley variety.

The Effect of Using NPK Fertilizer and Liquid Organic Fertilizer Vegetable Waste on the Vegetative Growth of Purple Eggplant (Solanum melongena L.)

An key factor in promoting the growth and development of plants is fertilizer. Both organic and inorganic fertilizers can be used for fertilization. If inorganic fertilizers are applied over an extended period of time without the incorporation of organic matter, the soil's quality may be compromised, leading to suboptimal plant development. The purpose of this study is to ascertain the optimal fertilizer dose for purple eggplant growth response, as well as the effects of NPK fertilizer, liquid organic fertilizer made from vegetable waste, and a combination of both on the vegetative growth of purple eggplant plants. A two-factor Complete Random Design was employed in this study, with three replicates and five treatment levels for each of the liquid organic fertilizer made from vegetable waste and NPK fertilizer treatment. The Anova two-way test was used to examine the data, and then the DMRT test was performed. The application of liquid organic fertilizer made from vegetable waste and the combination of the two fertilizers had a real effect on plant height, leaf area, wet weight, and dry weight but no real effect on the number of leaves, according to the results. On the other hand, the application of NPK fertilizer had a real effect on plant height, number of leaves, leaf area, wet weight, and dry weight. The results of the DMRT test (5%) indicated that the optimal dosage for plant height, wet weight, and dry weight was 1.5 grams of NPK and 10 ml of liquid organic fertilizer made from vegetable waste; for the number of leaves, it was 1.5 grams of NPK and 2 grams, and for the area of leaves, it was 1 gram of NPK.

Application of Rice Straw Compost and NPK Fertilizer to Increase The Growth of Kale Land (Ipomoea reptans poir)

Kale land can grow well in various environmental conditions. Fertilization is one way that can be done to increase the growth of Ipomoea reptans poir using both organic and inorganic fertilizers. Research on the application of rice straw compost and NPK fertilizer to increase the size of stems and leaves of Ipomoea reptans poir has been completed in 2023. This research aims to analyze: (1) the effectiveness of using NPK fertilizer on the size of stems and leaves of Ipomoea reptans poir, 2) the effectiveness of using rice straw compost on the size of stems and leaves of Ipomoea reptans poir, (3) the effectiveness of the combination of using rice straw compost and NPK fertilizer on the size of stems and leaves of Ipomoea reptans poir. Two factorial design was applied in this research. The results were obtained: (1) the application of rice straw compost was significantly effective in increasing stem height, leaf length and leaf width but could not increase the rate of increase in the number of kale land leaves, (2) NPK fertilizer treatment had a real effect on increasing the overall growth parameters observed, (3) ) the combined application of rice straw compost and NPK fertilizer did not have a significant effect on leaf width, number of leaves, leaf length and stem height of kale land.

Long‐term biochar application promoted soil aggregate‐associated potassium availability and maize potassium uptake

AbstractBiochar is an effective ameliorator for soil quality improvement and nutrient reuse from biomass; however, the effect of biochar application on soil potassium (K) availability, plant K uptake, and the underlying mechanisms have not been well‐elucidated. To address this, the variation in the soil K forms, soil aggregate stability, and aggregate‐associated K concentration, as well as maize K uptake, were investigated in a field experiment after 9 years of biochar amendment. The treatments included no biochar and NPK fertilizer (CK); NPK fertilizer treatment (F); biochar applied annually at the rate of 2.625 t ha−1 (C1), and biochar applied annually at rate of 2.625 t ha−1 with NPK fertilizers (C1F); one‐time biochar applied with NPK fertilizers, with biochar rate of 31.5 (C2F) and 47.25 t ha−1 (C3F). The results showed that after 9 years of field application, biochar inhibited the downward K migration to the deeper layer, thus increasing water‐soluble potassium (WSK), exchangeable potassium (EK), non‐exchangeable potassium (NEK), and total potassium (TK) in 0–20 cm soil, with C1F exhibiting better performance than C2F and C3F. Biochar also increased aggregate‐associated EK, NEK, and TK pools, mainly due to an increase in the macroaggregate proportion (>0.25 mm). Biochar amendment promoted maize K uptake by an average of 35.69%, the path analysis indicated that the positive effect was an outcome of the synergetic effect of the increase in surface soil WSK content and promoted macroaggregate EK pools, which was primarily attributed to biochar improved soil properties, including soil organic carbon, pH, total nitrogen, total phosphorus, and cation exchange capacity. These factors explained 76% of the variance in maize K uptake. In conclusion, biochar is an effective ameliorator for improving soil K content and availability.

An active-optical reflectance sensor in-field testing for the prediction of winter wheat harvest metrics

The ambition of this study was to justify the possibility of wheat trait prediction using NDVI from a newly developed Plant-O-Meter sensor. Acquired data from Plant-O-Meter was matched with GreenSeeker's, which was designated as a reference. The experiment was carried out in the field during the 2022 growing season at the long-term experimental field. The experimental design included five different winter wheat genotypes and 20 different NPK fertilizer treatments. The GreenSeeker sensor always gave out NDVI values that were higher than those of the Plant-O-Meter by, on average, 0.029 (6.36%). The Plant-O-Meter sensor recorded similar NDVI values (94% of the variation is explained, p<0.01). The Plant-O-Meter's NDVIs had a higher CV for different wheat varieties and different sensing dates. For almost all varieties, GreenSeeker exceeded Plant-O-Meter in predicting yields for the early (March 21st) and late (June 6th) growing seasons. NDVIGreenSeeker data improved yield modeling performance by an average of 5.1% when compared to NDVIPlant-O-Meter; in terms of plant height prediction, NDVIGreenSeeker was 3% more accurate than NDVIPlant-O-Meter and no changes in spike length prediction were found. A compact, economical and user-friendly solution, the Plant-O-Meter, is straightforward to use in wheat breeding programs as well as mercantile wheat production.

Upaya Peningkatan Produksi Kacang Hijau (Phaseolus radiatus L.) Melalui Pemberian Pupuk Hayati dan NPK

Mung beans (Phaseolus radiatus L.) were one of the agricultural commodities that have very good prospects for development in Indonesia. Mung beans were the third most important legume commodity after soybeans and green beans. In Indonesia, green bean productivity was still low and cultivation land was limited to marginal land with a productivity of 1.1 tonnes per hectare and a potential yield of 2 tonnes per hectare (BPS, 2019). Causing factors the decline in green bean production include low soil fertility, land conversion, climate factors and cultivation factors. Efforts to increase production were by increasing soil fertility by providing complete fertilizer (NPK) and adding biological fertilizer. So it is necessary to carry out research to increase growth and production of green beans with balanced NPK fertilizer and biological fertilizer. The aim of this research was to determine the application of biological fertilizer to the growth and production of mung bean plants, to determine the application of NPK fertilizer to the growth and production of mung bean plants, to determine the interaction between biological fertilizer and NPK fertilizer on the growth and yield of mung bean plants. The research was conducted in Paleran Village, Umbulsari District, Jember Regency. The research was carried out using a Randomized Block Factorial Design (RAKF) consisting of 2 factors with 3 replications. The data obtained were analyzed of varians followed by Duncan's 5% average test. The conclusion of this research was that biological fertilizer (C2) treatment with a concentration of 5 liters per hectare has an effect on the growth and production of mung beans, NPK (P3) fertilizer treatment with a dose of 400 kg per hectare has an effect on the growth and production of mung beans, there was an interaction between biological fertilizers 5 liters per hectare with 400 kg NPK fertilizer per hectare (C2P3) on mung bean production variables. It was recommended that the results of this research be used as recommendations for mung bean farmers to increase production on marginal land.

Aplikasi Pupuk Kotoran Kelinci Dan Pupuk Anorganik Pada Tanaman Jagung Pulut (Zea Mays Ceratina L.)

The aim of the research was to determine the effect of rabbit manure application on the growth and yield of pulut corn, to determine the correct NPK dose on the growth and yield of pulut corn. The research was carried out from February to July 2023. The research was carried out at the UNISKA Integrated Field Laboratory, Rejomulyo Village, Kediri City District, with an altitude of 67 meters above sea level. The average temperature in the morning is 27.22? and in the afternoon 34.36? with average humidity in the morning 86.07 and in the afternoon 49.32. Sandy loam soil type with an acidity level of 6.7 pH. Using a factorial randomized block design (RAK) with two factors. The first factor consists of two levels of rabbit manure treatment, namely, K1 = solid rabbit manure (3.5 kg/plot) and K2 = liquid rabbit manure (40 ml/plant). The second factor is the dose of NPK fertilizer with 4 levels of treatment, namely, N0 = NPK fertilizer dose 0 gr/plant, N1 = NPK fertilizer dose 3 gr/plant, N2 = NPK fertilizer dose 6 gr/plant, N3 = NPK fertilizer dose 7 gr/plant . The data obtained from the observations were entered into a table for the F test using the variance analysis method and further tested using the 5% BNT test. Based on the research results, there was no interaction between rabbit manure treatment and the dose of NPK fertilizer on the growth and yield of pulut corn. Each treatment of rabbit manure and dose of NPK fertilizer showed a significant effect on the growth and yield of pulut corn. Rabbit litter treatment had a significant effect on the variables number of leaves, plant height and stem diameter. The dose of NPK fertilizer has a real influence on the number of leaves, plant height, stem diameter, ear length, ear diameter. The best cob weight without husks was shown in the NPK fertilizer treatment of 9 gr/plant.

The Effectiveness of Vermicompost and NPK Fertilizer Treatment on Cucumis melo L. Vegetative Growth

Melon is an annual plant, growing creeping with a stem length of about 3 meters. The vegetative and generative growth of melons is influenced by genetic and environmental factors. Environmental factors that affect the growth of melons include the abundance of nutrients in the growing media. Research has been carried out on the effectiveness of vermicompost and NPK fertilizer treatment on melon vegetative growth, with the aim of analyzing the effectiveness of vermicompost in increasing stem length, number, length and width of leaves and stem diameter of melons. effectiveness of NPK fertilizer in increasing stem length, number, length and width of leaves and stem diameter of melons. Effectiveness of the interaction of vermicompost and NPK fertilizer in stimulating melon growth. Growth parameters were measured when the melon was 28, 29 and 30 days after planting, the data obtained was analyzed using Anova. The results showed that vermicomposti is effective in increasing stem length, total and leaf length, but is not effective in increasing leaf width and stem diameter of melons. Application of NPK fertilizer is effective in increasing stem length, total leaves, leaf length, leaf width and stem diameter of melon. The interaction between vermicompost and NPK fertilizer was not effective in stimulating melon growth.

PENGARUH PUPUK NPK TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL PRODUKSI JAGUNG MANIS (Zea mays saccharata Sturt.) DI LAMPUNG UTARA

Sweet corn (Zea mays saccsharata Sturt.) is one of the plants that is widely produced and a source of food staples in Indonesia, such as processed food, drinks, and so on. The low productivity of sweet corn in North Lampung is caused by the use of excessive doses and the wrong fertilization method. This problem can be overcome by implementing a good cultivation system, including applying fertilization with the right dosage so that plants can produce according to their potential results.The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of NPK fertilizer treatment on the growth and yield of sweet corn at the best dose of NPK fertilizer on the growth and yield of sweet corn. This research was conducted experimentally using RAL (Completely Randomized Design). It consists of one factor with 3 levels, namely K0: Control, K1: Giving NPK 150 kg/ha (1.8 kg/plant plot) K2: Giving NPK 300 kg/ha (3.6 kg/plant plot).The results showed that the NPK treatment had a significant effect on plant height at 30 HST. The stem diameter showed a significant effect when the sweet corn was 30 and 45 HST. The number of leaves shows that NPK fertilizer has no real effect. The length of the cobs with husks, the length of the cobs without husks, the weight of the husked cobs, the weight of the cobs without husks and the weight of the stover showed real results. 

Effect of Providing Pearl NPK Fertilizer on the Growth and Production of Sweet Corn (Zea mays saccharata Sturt)

This research was conducted in the experimental garden of the Faculty of Agriculture, Klabat University, from August to December 2018. The research aimed to determine the response to the growth and production of sweet corn due to the application of NPK Mutiara fertilizer and to obtain the correct dose of NPK Mutiara fertilizer for the growth and production of sweet corn. This research used a Randomized Block Design (RAK) with four levels of treatment, namely T0 (without Mutiara NPK fertilizer treatment) as a control, T1 (2 gr/plant), T2 (4 gr/plant), and T3 (6 gr/plant) where each treatment was repeated four times. The research results were that the dose of Mutiara NPK fertilizer did not influence plant height and number of leaves because the growth response of sweet corn was not large enough to have a real influence on plant height and number of sweet corn leaves. The Mutiara NPK dosage influences the flowering age and cob weight because the response of the sweet corn plants is large. The dose of Mutiara NPK fertilizer does not affect plant height and number of leaves but does affect flowering time and ear weight. The best dose of Mutiara NPK fertilizer is 6 gr/plant.

Effects of NPK Fertilizer on Growth, Phytochemical Content and Antioxidant Activity of Purslane (Portulaca grandiflora)

Purslane (Portulaca grandiflora) is a succulent plant that contains phytochemicals including flavonoids, carotenoids, polyphenolic acids, sterols, and reducing agents. The pharmacological properties of this plant include antioxidant activity, and the plant is used in sore throat and skin rashes medications, and for detoxification purposes. The plant’s secondary metabolite content is influenced by mineral nutrition. The types and amounts of plant secondary metabolites are determined by soil nutrients. Therefore, this research aimed to observe and analyze the NPK fertilizer effect on plant growth, total phenolics, and antioxidant activity in purslane. Purslane planting was carried out by applying NPK fertilizer (doses of 0, 100, 200 and 300 kg/ha) in August-October 2022 at the Green House of the Department of Biochemistry, IPB University, Indonesia. The total number of leaves and branches was found to be highest with 200 kg/ha dose of NPK fertilizer treatment. The highest total phenolic content, 0.7346 mg GAE/g FW, was found for the treatment with 100 kg/ha dose of NPK fertilizer. The highest increase in antioxidant activity was observed in extracts treated with 100 kg/ha (FRAP, CUPRAC) and 200 kg/ha (DPPH, ABTS) of NPK fertilizer. Therefore, applying NPK fertilizer at optimal doses can increase the plant growth, total phenolic content, and antioxidant activity of purslane. From the research, the recommended doses was 100 kg/ha, which gave the highest total phenolic, and the highest single electron transfer antioxidant activity (FRAP, CUPRAC). Moreover, there was no significant difference in growth parameters at higher doses.

Analysis of Purple Eggplant Growth After Vermicompost and NPK Fertilizer Treatment

Eggplant growth rate is determined by genetic and environmental factors. Environmental factors that affect eggplant growth include the availability of nutrients on agricultural land. Research on analysis of purple eggplant growth after vermicompost and NPK fertilizer treatment was carried out from March to July 2023. This study aims to analyze the effect of the application of vermicompost on the growth of purple eggplant. The application of NPK fertilizer on the growth of purple eggplant. The interaction effect of vermicompost and NPK fertilizer treatment on purple eggplant growth. Growth parameter data were analyzed using the F test. The results showed that: Vermicompost application increased stem height, total leaves and leaf length but did not increase leaf width and stem diameter of purple eggplant. The application of NPK fertilizer was effective in increasing stem height, total leaves, leaf length, leaf width and stem diameter of purple eggplant. The interaction of vermicompost treatment and NPK fertilizer was not effective in increasing all measured growth parameters.

The Effect of Burned Rice Husks and NPK Fertilizer Application on The Growth of Bok Choy (Brassica Rapa L. Subsp. Chinensis)

Fertilizer is very important factor in achieving high productivity, especially in providing essential nutrients. The application of inorganic fertilizers without adding organic fertilizers potentially reduces soil fertility and damages soil structure. This study aimed to determine the effect of burned rice husks, NPK fertilizer application, on the growth of Chinensis bok choy (Brassica rapa L. Subsp. Chinensis). The study employed a completely randomized design (CRD) consisting of 2 factors, with 5 treatment levels. The burned rice husks treatments comprised (0 gr, 90 gr, 110 gr, 130 gr, and 150 gr), while the NPK fertilizer treatments comprised (0 gr, 0.4 gr, 0.6 gr, 0.8 gr, 1.0 gr / 100 ml water). Data were analyzed using an ANOVA test. The results showed that the NPK fertilizer factor significantly influenced all parameters, including plant height, leaf number, wet weight, and dry weight. The burned rice husks factor and the interaction between burned rice husks and NPK fertilizer had no significant effect on all parameters, namely plant height, leaf number, wet weight, and dry weight of the Chinensis bok choy. The optimal treatment for the interaction of burned rice husks and NPK fertilizer "Mutiara 16" was with the N4S4 treatment (combination of NPK Mutiara 1.0 gr/100 ml water and burned rice husks 150 gr) for plant height, leaf number, wet weight, and dry weight parameters, while the optimal treatment for chlorophyll concentration content was with the N3S2 treatment (combination of NPK Mutiara 0.8 gr/100 ml water and burned rice husks 110 gr).

The Role of Biofertilizer in Combination with Different NPK Fertilizer Treatments on Growth Characteristics and Yield Responses of Chicken Pea (Cicer arietinum L.)

This study aimed to investigate the role of mycorrhiza and humic acid in regulating soil nutrient levels and their effects on the quantitative and qualitative traits of chickpea plants. Our results showed that the application of humic acid and mycorrhiza, either individually or in combination, significantly increased the chlorophyll content of the plants compared to the control treatment. The combination of humic acid and mycorrhiza with 100% NPK levels resulted in the highest chlorophyll levels. Additionally, the combined treatment of humic acid and mycorrhiza with 100% NPK levels showed positive effects on yield-related traits, including seed yield, biological yield, number of pods per plant, and number of seeds per pod. The highest grain yield was obtained with the combined application of humic acid + mycorrhiza at the level of 100 NPK at the rate of ~8000 kg/ha, respectively. Also, the highest levels of N and P were observed with the combined application of humic acid+ mycorrhiza at 100% level of NPK. In general, the results showed that the combined use of humic acid and mycorrhiza has been able to reduce the use of NPK fertilizer by 25%. These findings suggest that the use of humic acid and mycorrhiza in combination with NPK fertilizers can enhance the growth and productivity of chickpea plants. Furthermore, this approach offers the potential to reduce the reliance on chemical fertilizers, thereby promoting sustainable cropping systems. The study highlights the importance of bio-fertilizers and organic amendments in mitigating environmental pollution and improving crop production under changing environmental conditions.

PENGARUH PUPUK KANDANG KAMBING DAN PUPUK NPK TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN HASIL TANAMAN MENTIMUN JEPANG (Cucumis sativus L. var japanese)

This study aims to determine the effect of goat manure and NPK fertilizer on the growth and yield of Japanese cucumber (Cucumis sativus L. var japonese). The experiment was designed using a factorial randomized block design (RBD) with two treatment factors. The first factor was goat manure (K) which consisted of 3 levels, namely K0 (without goat manure), K1 (240 g/plant), and K2 (480 g/plant). The second factor is NPK fertilizer (P) consisting of 3 levels, namely P0 (without NPK), P1 (4.8 g/plant), and P2 (7.2 g/plant). From the two factors above, 9 treatment combinations were obtained. Each treatment combination was repeated 3 times, resulting in 27 experimental plots. Data obtained from the experiment were analyzed using Analysis of Variant 5% (ANNOVA). There were significantly different treatments, so it was continued with the BNJ test at the 5% level. The results of the analysis of the diversity of treatments of goat manure and NPK fertilizer had a significant effect on the number of fruit, fruit weight per plot, and wet chestnut weight. The number of fruit shown in the K1P1 treatment combination was 9.66 fruit, the highest fruit weight per plot was in the K2P2 treatment combination, namely 15.86 kg, the best wet chestnut weight in the treatment combination was 706.06 g. The NPK fertilizer treatment had a significant effect on the rate of increase in the number of leaves and the highest dry matter weight was shown by the P1 treatment. The goat manure treatment had a significant effect on the highest number of fruit in the K1 treatment, namely 9.24 fruit.
 
 Keywords: Japanese cucumber, goat manure, NPK fertilizer
 

Long-term different fertilization regimes impact on the fate of root-derived C and microbial community structure in paddy soil

It is known that fertilization pattern could alter soil nutrient and organic matter status. However, it is still unclear how photosynthesized C is distributed in rice–rhizosphere soil-microbial system and its influencing factors due to fertilization pattern and subsequent changes in soil fertility. This study examined the allocation of rice photosynthetic C in rice–rhizosphere soil–microbial systems and the changes in microbial community under three long-term fertilizer regimes. Rice was grown in soils with 8-year history of no fertilizer, inorganic fertilizer (NPK) or NPK fertilizer plus cattle manure (NPK + CM), and was pulse–labelled with 13CO2 at rice tillering stage. The results showed that 13C incorporation in rice-rhizosphere soil system was the highest in the NPK + CM treatment, increased by 489% and 28.9% compared to unfertilized control and the NPK alone. In the >2 mm aggregate fraction, the 13C enrichment was higher in NPK + CM compared to no-fertilized control and NPK treatments. Total PLFA and PLFA groups contents in all aggregate size fractions were the greatest in the NPK + CM treatment. Partial least squares path modelling analysis revealed that microbial community in large macroaggregate (>2 mm) was significantly (P < 0.05) affected by root properties, while soil fertility had a significant (P < 0.01) impact on microbial community in microaggregate (<0.25 mm). The redundancy analysis showed that soil parameters except soil alkali-hydro nitrogen (AN) significantly impacted the soil microbial communities. Through canonical variation partitioning analysis, soil available K was the most important factor leading to variance (11.4%) in microbial community composition. On the other hand, soil pH significantly (P < 0.05) affected the distribution of 13C in microbe community. More than 20% of 13C was incorporated into G– and G+ bacteria across all treatments. Overall, it was observed the NPK fertilizer plus cattle manure treatment was most conducive to retain C from root exudates in the rice-rhizosphere soil-microbial system.

Response of Use of NPK Fertilizer and Concentration of Young Coconut Water on Growth and Yield of Long Bean (Vigna sinensis L.)

Long bean (Vigna sinensis L.) is a vegetable commodity containing 2.70 mg protein, 2.30 mg fat, 44 cal calories, 7.80 mg carbohydrates, 347 mg phosphorus, 47 mg calcium, 335 SI vitamin A, 0.39 mg B vitamins. , 21 mg of vitamin C and 88.50 mg of water. Production of Vigna sinensis L in NTT in 2019-2021 continues to increase but the phenomenon of rising long bean prices indicates that long bean production needs to be increased. One of the efforts made is to increase the availability of soil nutrients through fertilization. The aim of the study was to determine the interaction effect of NPK dosage and young coconut water concentration on the yield of long bean plants. The research was conducted in June-July 2022 using the Randomized Block Design (RBD) experimental method with 2 factors and 3 treatment levels, namely: Factor I = NPK Fertilizer (A) and Factor II = Concentration of young coconut water (K). The results obtained: The treatment of NPK fertilizer and young coconut water had a very significant effect on the growth components of long bean plants as indicated by differences in plant height, number of leaves, number of pods and pod weight. The interaction between the application of NPK fertilizer (NPK 250 kg/ha) and the concentration of young coconut water (90% /1L) gave the best results giving the best results on the average plant height, number of leaves, number of pods and pod weight of long bean plants.