Treatment Of Neurosis Research Articles

Phenotype-Based HPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS Coupled With Zebrafish Behavior Trajectory Analysis System for the Identification of the Antidepressant Components in Methanol Extract of Anshen Buxin Six Pills

Phenotype screening has become an important tool for the discovery of active components in traditional Chinese medicine. Anshen Buxin Six Pills (ASBX) are a traditional Mongolian medicine used for the treatment of neurosis in clinical settings. However, its antidepressant components have not been explicitly identified and studied. Here, the antidepressant effect of ASBX was evaluated in adult zebrafish. High performance liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (HPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS) was combined with zebrafish behavior trajectory analysis to screen and identify the antidepressant-active extract fraction and active components of ASBX. Finally, the antidepressant effect of the active ingredients were verified by the behavior, pathology, biochemical indices and protein level of adult fish. The novel tank driving test (NTDT) showed that ASBX can effectively improve the depressive effect of reserpine on zebrafish. Petroleum ether and dichloromethane extracts of ASBX were screened as antidepressant active extracts. Costunolide (COS) and dehydrocostus lactone (DHE) were screened as the active components of ASBX. COS had been shown to significantly improve the depressive behavior, nerve injury and neurotransmitter levels (5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE)) of zebrafish by inhibiting the high expression of serotonin transporter and norepinephrine transporter induced by reserpine suggesting the antidepressant effect of COS may be related to its effect on 5-HT and NE pathways. This study provided a phenotype based screening method for antidepressant components of traditional Chinese medicines, so as to realize the separation, identification and activity screening of components at the same time.

Элементарный состав растительной композиции и экстракта сухого, полученного на её основе, обладающего седативной активностью

Currently, the search for promising sources of drugs for the prevention and treatment of neurosis is one of the promising areas of pharmaceutical technology. Stressful factors, lack of rest, irregular work schedule have a significant impact on the modern human body and represent a serious medical and social problem. According to doctors and patients, the most appropriate treatment is sedative drugs of plant origin, which reduce the response to external stimuli. The herbal composition contains a complex of biologically active substances of plants: motherwort, St. John's wort, lemon balm and thyme in a ratio of 4:2.5:2.5, which determine their therapeutic effect. The liquid and dry extracts obtained from this collection are original in composition. The quality assessment of the studied objects was carried out according to the main active substances – flavonoids. However, it is reliably known that the whole complex of substances that make up the plant composition has pharmacological activity. In this regard, the purpose of this study was a comparative study of the microelement composition of the plant composition and dry extract, designed to create a medicinal product with a sedative effect. When comparing the results of determining the content of elements in the plant composition (raw materials) and dry extract from it, a number of elements were identified that were well extracted using the proposed technology from the raw materials with the used extractant: K, Mg, Br, Zn, Cu, Cl, P, S. According to the content heavy metal dry extract is significantly inferior to those in the plant composition.

Zastosowanie miodu i roślin leczniczych w chorobach ośrodkowego układu nerwowego

Literature data indicate that honey is characterized by a multidirectional positive influence on the central nervous system. It exerts a sedative effect and makes it easier to fall asleep. Administration of honey brings beneficial effects in the treatment of neuroses, especially neurasthenic neurosis. It contributes to the renewal of the mental strength of the body, and also has a beneficial effect on the weakened nervous system, especially in states of overworking, exhaustion, apathy, dementia and hysteria. Honey proves an adaptogenic activity, namely it increases physical fitness, acts positively on the nervous system; improves mental acuity, mental consociating, ease of learning and memorization, and also are confirmed immunostimulating effects. It is also characterized by beneficial effects in systemic neuroses on sexual background. Honey aided by sedative and adaptogenic herbs has proved to be very useful for treating many diseases of the central nervous system, including in epilepsy and children night urination. The discussion includes activity of some plant materials with a specific therapeutic effect in diseases of the central nervous system, such as: radix of Valerian, herb of Motherwort, Hop cones, herb of St. John’s Wort, inflorescence of Wild Chamomile and the radix of Roseroot.

“Tu não vais me faltar”: tessituras entre fantasma e (de)negação nas psicoses

Resumo O conceito de denegação foi estabelecido por Freud a partir da noção de recalcamento e da clínica das neuroses - trata-se de um mecanismo específico de enlace entre negação e afirmação. Este artigo busca calcar sua originalidade, primeiramente propondo que diferentes costuras entre negação e afirmação são igualmente reincidentes nas psicoses. Nesse sentido, ressalta-se que estudos teórico-clínicos que articulam a denegação fenomenológica e estruturalmente às psicoses ainda são escassos. Tais costuras singulares, distintas da denegação estritamente freudiana, recebem aqui a grafia (de)negação. Em segundo lugar, este trabalho se pretende original por propor a (de)negação não apenas como fenômeno clínico, mas como operador em si no tratamento das psicoses, e, para tanto, sustenta essa hipótese a partir do caso clínico do adolescente aqui nomeado Luizel. Por fim, busca evidenciar a intrínseca relação entre (de)negação e esboço fantasmático no apaziguamento dos sintomas psicóticos em transferência.

Which Diagnostic Approach Is More Valid? The DSM or the Rational-Choice Theory of Neurosis

<p>This article challenges the validity of the DSM-III to exclude neurosis, a decision that has led the DSM to become “an expanding list of disease, from a few dozen disorders in the first edition to well over 200” (Grinker, 2010, p. 169; see also Warelow & Holmes, 2011). It points out the unanimous consensus that the best diagnostic approach would be a theory that can account for the development and treatment of certain diagnostic categories and, at the same time, provide measurable criteria that can distinguish them from other behaviors. Accordingly, it shows that a new theory, the Rational-Choice Theory of Neurosis (RCTN) (Rofé, 2000, 2010, 2016; Rofé & Rofé, 2013, 2015), which despite profound differences is similar to psychoanalysis in several fundamental respects, can offer practical diagnostic criteria that differentiate neurosis from other disorders. Three types of evidence, including a review of research literature, case studies and a new study that directly examined the validity of RCTN’s diagnostic criteria, support the validity of neurosis. The greatest advantage of RCTN’s diagnostic approach is not only is based on empirical evidence instead of the consensus of biased researchers. Rather, their main contribution is that it emerged out of a theory that succeeded to integrate research and clinical data pertaining to the development and treatment of neurosis.</p>

Application of psychological diagnosis in the process of establishing criteria for psychodynamic therapy designed for patients with personality disorders.

Aim of the studyThe main purpose of this paper was to present a model of psychological diagnosis, aimed at establishing the fundamental criteria for qualifying patients with symptoms of various mental disorders (including neurotic and personality disorders) for outpatient psychodynamic therapy.Subject or material and methodsRorschach Inkblot Test, clinical interviewResultsThe research was conducted in the years 2010-2013 in the Neurosis Treatment Centre and in the Mental Health Outpatient Clinic A study population comprised 38 males and 42 females.DiscussionThe structure of personality characteristics and their impact on a patient’s eligibility to participate in a particular type of psychotherapy was assessed based on the major assumptions of psychodynamic approach, with special focus on the criteria put forward by Gabbard; the Big Five personality dimensions; as well as on the diagnostic criteria for personality disorders, developed by the American Psychiatric Association.ConclusionsAnalysis of the result of this research allowed to develop a model of fundamental criteria for selecting an appropriate form of psychotherapy designed for patients with various types of personality disorders. Eight criteria were found to be significant in the process of qualifying the aforementioned individuals for outpatient psychotherapy. They included two psychological dimensions: intrapsychic (describing psychological indicators of the self-structure and maturity level of the patient's identity) and interpersonal (describing indicators of the person’s capacity for establishing emotional relations with others). Diagnosis of the aforementioned indicators proves to contribute significantly to the process of selecting effective therapeutic methods for neurotic patients as well as individuals who exhibit symptoms of more severe destabilization of personality organization.

Nyere Synspunkter På Fysio-Psykoterapeutisk Kombinasjonsbehandling

SUMMARY1. A review was made of the development of the muscular treatment of neurosis. The exclusive treatment of symptoms was replaced by treatment of tense muscles on the theory that physical and mental tension have common origins, tension being regarded as the somatic defence against unrealised impulses. On this basis a combined treatment was instigated involving cooperation between physiotherapist and psychologist or psychiatrist.2. The results, however, did not wholly conform to theory.3. A further and intensive examination of the whole set-up of the muscular structure and respiration conditions resulted in regard being paid to the importance of muscular qualities.4. Interest was now chiefly centered not on the tense (hypertone) muscles but on the inactive (hypotone) muscles; subsequently studies were made of the various stages of hypotoni—i. e. from the psychological viewpoint—and the state of the muscles in question. Special interest developed around the mobilisable hypotone muscles.5. Experience se...

Atypical neurological manifestations of lymphomatous malignancy in immunocompetent patients: Case series of four patients

Atypical neurological manifestations of lymphomatous malignancy in immunocompetent patients: Case series of four patients

Effect of Yokukansan on glutamate signaling in human keratinocytes

Pruritus is a characteristic symptom in various forms of dermatoses, especially in atopic dermatitis (AD). Increasing evidence suggests that stress can trigger and exacerbate AD. Therefore, psychotherapy is increasingly recognized as a critical part of the treatment of AD patients. Yokukansan (YKS), a traditional Japanese medicine, has been widely utilized in the treatment of neurosis, insomnia, and anxiety. Previously we reported that YKS controls scratching behavior and inhibits the aggravation of atopic dermatitis (AD)-like lesions in NC/Nga mice.Immunohistochemical and RT-PCR analyses also revealed that N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor expression was upregulated in the skin of conventional control mice and downregulated in YKS-treated mice.

The Treatment of Neurosis by BU-SHI-RI-CHU-TO

The Treatment of Neurosis by BU-SHI-RI-CHU-TO

Oral administration of Yokukansan inhibits the development of atopic dermatitis-like lesions in isolated NC/Nga mice

Increasing evidence suggests that stress can trigger and exacerbate atopic dermatitis (AD). Psychotherapy is becoming more important in the treatment of AD patients. Yokukansan (YKS, Yi-Gan San in Chinese), a traditional Japanese medicine, has been widely utilized in the treatment of neurosis, insomnia and anxiety especially in Asian countries. Furthermore, it was reported that YKS inhibited skin lesions in socially isolated mice but not in group-housed mice. Therefore, in the present study it was investigated whether or not YKS was effective in the treatment of AD using socially isolated NC/Nga mice. The present study was designed to assess the effect of YKS on the development of AD-like lesions in socially isolated NC/Nga mice to obtain information about its usefulness in the treatment of AD. Ten-week-old male NC/Nga mice were socially isolated under conventional conditions. YKS was administered orally to mice at the dose of 0.5% or 1.0% together with diet. The efficacy of YKS was evaluated by assessing skin lesion severity, scratching behaviors, skin hydration, and infiltration of inflammatory cells in the skin. Grooming behaviors evoked by social isolation stress and serum corticosterone levels were also measured. Oral administration of YKS to socially isolated NC/Nga mice resulted in the inhibition of exacerbation of AD-like skin lesions. It seemed that the inhibition of exacerbation of AD-like skin lesions observed in NC/Nga mice might be due to suppression of the scratching and grooming behaviors, inhibition of the infiltration of mast cells and eosinophils, and retention of humidity in the skin. Serum corticosterone levels were also significantly inhibited in the 1%-YKS-treated mice as compared with those of the control mice. There were no significant differences in the levels of serum total IgE and nerve growth factor (NGF) between the YKS-treated mice and the non-treated control mice. YKS inhibited the development of AD-like skin lesions in socially isolated NC/Nga mice by suppressing scratching and infiltration of inflammatory cells in the skin. These results indicate that YKS possesses an anti-itching property, and its anti-itching may be partly through attenuation on social isolation stress. It is expected that YKS might provide an effective alternative therapy for AD in human patients.

C. G. Jung and numinous experience: Between the known and the unknown

By exploring the shades of meaning of the ‘known’ and the ‘unknown’ in Jung's writings and the way they frame his engagement with numinous experience, this paper will demonstrate that Jung's never fully realisable individuation process, whose goal is the ego's acquaintance with the infinite unknowable Self, is suspended between the known and the unknown. The failure to individuate can be identified with the failure to acknowledge the relativism of all knowledge and experience, even numinous experience, realised through encounter with the unknown unconscious. In spite of his celebration of his approach to numinous experience as the real therapy rather than the treatment of neuroses, Jung's post-religious ‘deconstructive’ relationship to religious experience can be characterised, borrowing a phrase from Ricoeur's study of Freud, as embodying a ‘hermeneutics of suspicion’. In the individuation process there is no unconditional acceptance of unqualified knowledge providing the foundations for spiritual identity and authority within religious traditions, but rather a humbling acknowledgement of the relativism of all knowledge and experience, albeit one grounded in numinous experience of the Self. However, for Jung, this agnosticism is experienced not only as a limitation, but also as an invitation, even a challenge, to consciousness to further explore its unknown psychic background, thereby extending its boundaries and understanding.

Chronic treatment with haloperidol induces deficits in working memory and feedback effects of interval timing

Normal participants ( n = 5) having no experience with antipsychotic drugs and medicated participants ( n = 5) with clinical experience with chronic low doses of haloperidol (3–10 mg/day for 2–4 months) in the treatment of neuroses were evaluated for the effects of inter-trial interval (ITI) feedback on a discrete-trials peak-interval timing procedure. Feedback was presented during the ITI in the form of a histogram showing the distribution of the responses participants made on the previous trial plotted on a relative time scale. As feedback concerning the accuracy and precision of a reproduced duration (e.g., 7- and 14-s visual signals) became more remote in time, reproduced intervals gradually lengthened in duration. This rightward horizontal shift in peak time increased as a function of the probability of feedback and was enhanced by chronic treatment with haloperidol in a manner that was proportional to the duration of the signal. Our data suggest a gradual change in the underlying representation of the signal duration as a function of the remoteness of ITI feedback that is dependent upon both changes in working memory and the speed of the internal clock used to time durations in the seconds-to-minutes range.

Efficacy of diazepam as an anti-anxiety agent: meta-analysis of double-blind, randomized controlled trials carried out in Japan.

Diazepam is one of the most widely used, broad-spectrum anti-anxiety agents. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of diazepam, and to establish whether it is more effective than a placebo in improving the various neurotic anxiety states seen in patients with neurosis or psychosomatic disease. Of the recently established comprehensive register of psychotropic drug trials carried out in Japan, a total of 17 double-blind, randomized controlled trials were identified on the treatment of neurosis using anti-anxiety compounds, in which both diazepam and placebos were used. Meta-analysis of these 17 studies demonstrated that diazepam is significantly more effective than a placebo (relative risk 1.35, 95% confidence interval 1.21-1.51, number needed to treat 9). The maximal effective dose of diazepam seems to be 12 or 18 mg/day with a treatment duration of 2 or more weeks. There was no significant difference between the effects of placebo and a diazepam dose of 6 mg/day. Caution should be exercised in assessing these results, however, since this is the first meta-analysis showing the significant effectiveness of diazepam in the treatment of neurosis or psychosomatic disease.

In the Field: Cognitive Therapy in Malaysia

In Malaysia cognitive therapy (CT) has begun to be incorporated in the treatment armamentarium of the therapist not long ago. The first trained cognitive behavior therapist, Prof. Azhar Md. Zain, was trained in the U.K. in the year 1994 at the Warneford Hospital, Oxford. Since then he has been practicing CT in Malaysia. He is also making CT popular by holding several workshops all over Malaysia. He is also trying hard to disseminate the art to all levels of experts, such as psychiatrists, medical officers, psychologists, nurses, occupational therapists, etc. He is in the process of developing the first independent unit of behavioral therapy in Malaysia. The mode and duration of psychotherapy has been the subject of discussion for a long time. Andrews and Harvey (1981) found that the behavioral psychotherapies were superior to verbal psychotherapy and both were more effective than counseling. Andrews (1991) found that cognitive behavior therapy was a powerful specific treatment in neurosis. Here we are going to describe our experience in Malaysia. Our experience essentially indicates that the sociocultural issues when taken into account in psychotherapy can bring about remarkable results. Our patients, being more religious,responded faster to religious-oriented psychotherapy, something they are familiar with and can identify with. Even the families encourage them to continue the treatment. Csordas (1990) provides an illuminating description of the role of supernatural forces in causation and treatment by psychotherapy in Catholic charismatic healers. The distinguishing features of their method was that they recognized the role of evil spirits that, as components of a therapeutic system, manifest themselves as normal humans' mental and emotional states that are out of control. The therapeutic effect of the religious teachings and beliefs and the tendency of most people to fall back on religion for mental peace is also well known. It is a very important treatment method in psychiatry and, despite having been severely criticized for its theories which cannot be proven scientifically, it has been found to be effective. In another study, Andrews (1991) demonstrated that dynamic psychotherapy, although popular with patients and therapists, is not shown to be superior to placebo. In the same study, he also found that cognitive behavior therapy is a powerful specific treatment of neuroses. Based on these findings we attempted to see how our patients would respond to the various modes of psychotherapy. With our patients we practiced religious healing in psychotherapy but with a different concept. We operate more on a cognitive approach of religious healing rather than dynamic (Azhar & Varma, 1995; Azhar, Varma, & Dharap, 1994). The hypothesis is that an individual will experience dissonance with resultant guilt, anxiety or alienation if the individual acts are contrary to personal values. If unresolved, these feelings may manifest as mental illness. Values are ideals that we have learned from childhood through parents and later on become more defined as we pick up ideals from other sources, and in our culture the religious teachers are preachers. Clear values are relevant to mental health because if the intentions and actions are in accordance with the personal value system, there is no conflict. But if the actions are contrary to personal values there is dissonance, self-esteem is lowered and there may be feelings of shame, guilt, or anxiety. In this hypothesis the personal values need to be reassessed, analyzed and ultimately modified or changed to suit the environment, social situation and personal ideals. …

Book Review: Treatment of Neurosis in the Young: A Psychoanalytic Perspective

Book Review: Treatment of Neurosis in the Young: A Psychoanalytic Perspective

The Rise and Fall of Neurasthenia in Japanese Psychiatry

The history of the theory and treatment of neurosis in modem Japanese psychiatry began with the exploration of the concept of neurasthenia, introduced through German psychiatry and French neurology. An original perspective on the diagnosis and treatment of neuras thenia was developed by Morita who founded Morita Therapy. Neurasthenia gradually came to be discussed in relation to Morita's concept of shinkeishitsu. Since World War II, the term neurosis has replaced neuras thenia. At the present time in Japan, neurasthenia is used with only a limited and narrow meaning. Clinical data in Japan show an increase in neurasthenia during World War II and a decrease after the war. In its place, there has been an increase in obsessive-compulsive and phobic symptoms. This rise and fall of neurasthenia can be related to changes in the theory of neurosis along with changing sociocultural conditions.

Behavioural treatment of neuroses

Behavioural treatment of neuroses

Psychiatry in Africa: an overview.

The authors review the practice of psychiatry in Africa today. They describe the similarities as well as the differences between psychiatry in Africa and in the Western world in the rates, presentations, and treatment of neurosis, depression, schizophrenia, and suicide and drug- and alcohol-related problems. Child psychiatric services and research in biological psychiatry are rare in Africa, and sociocultural problems confront epidemiologic studies and the use of psychotherapy. The authors conclude that to achieve the goal of mental health care for all Africans, psychiatry should be included in the primary health care program, regional postgraduate medical centers are needed, and a means of gathering statistics and funding research should be fostered.

Misconceptions about Behaviour Therapy: Their Sources and Consequences

Despite a well-documented record of notable success in the treatment of neuroses, behaviour therapy is little taught in academic departments. A major reason for this appears to be the existence of an unending stream of misinformation about it. This paper describes the essential features of modern behaviour therapy of the neuroses, and the range of its therapeutic effects. It outlines some major sources of misinformation and their stifling effect on the academic spread of behaviour therapy.