Treatment Of Multiple Sclerosis Diseases Research Articles

Exosome Content-Mediated Signaling Pathways in Multiple Sclerosis.

Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles with a complex lipid-bilayer surface and 30-150nm diameter. These vesicles play a critical role in intercellular signaling networks during physiopathological processes through data trafficking and cell reprogramming. It has been demonstrated that exosomes are involved in a variety of central nervous system (CNS) disorders such as multiple sclerosis (MS). Exosome mediators' cell-to-cell communication is possibly by delivering their contents such as proteins, RNAs (coding and non-coding), DNAs (mitochondrial and genomic), and transposable elements to the target cells. Exosomal microRNAs (miRNAs) differ in their expression patterns in MS disease, thereby providing novel diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers and therapeutic options for better treatment of MS disease. Furthermore, these microvesicles are non-immunogenic and non-toxic therapeutic tools for transferring miRNAs across the blood-brain barrier (BBB). Collectively, exosomes could be used as novel drug delivery devices for the treatment of MS patients. This review summarized research regarding the exosomes from serum, plasma, PBMC, and other cells in MS patients and experimental models. We also provide a critical view of exosome content-mediated signaling pathways in MS, including TNF-α, TGF-β, NF-κB, and Wnt pathways. The use of exosomes as a therapeutic potential in MS has also been discussed.

Beneficial Effects of Plant Oils Supplementation on Multiple Sclerosis: A Comprehensive Review of Clinical and Experimental Studies.

Multiple sclerosis disease (MS) is a 38.5 chronic neurological autoimmune disease that affects the nervous system, and its incidence is increasing globally. At present, there is no cure for this disease, and with its severity and disabling variety, it is important to search for possibilities that could help to slow its progression. It is recognized that the mechanisms of MS pathology, its development and degree of activity can be affected by dietary factors. In this review, the beneficial health effects of 10 plants oils-mainly seed oils, including pomegranate seed oil, sesame oil, acer truncatum bunge seed oil, hemp seeds oil, evening primrose seed oil, coconut oil, walnut oil, essential oil from Pterodon emarginatus seeds, flaxseed oil and olive oil-on MS are discussed. The literature data indicate that plant oils could be effective for the treatment of MS and its related symptoms primarily through reducing inflammation, promoting remyelination, immunomodulation and inhibiting oxidative stress. Plant oils may potentially reduce MS progression. Longitudinal research including a larger sample size with a longer duration is essential to confirm the findings from the selected plant oils. Moreover, new plant oils should be studied for their potential MS benefit.

An interpretation of consensus statements on diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis and demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system in children (2012 version)

The International Pediatric Multiple Sclerosis Study Group (IPMSSG) put forward the 2007 version of the diagnostic criteria for multiple sclerosis and other immune-mediated demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system in children in 2007 ("2007 version" for short). In 2012, IPMSSG proposed the new diagnostic criteria with reference to the latest research achievements of 150 members ("2012 version" for short). The 2012 version of the consensus statements covers the diagnostic criteria for acute disseminated encephalomyelitis, clinically isolated syndrome, neuromyelitis optica, and multiple sclerosis in children. As the two IPMSSG members in China, the authors give an interpretation of the 2012 version of the consensus statements with reference to related literature and clinical and scientific experience. The authors focus on how the 2012 version comprehensively and thoroughly elaborates on the clinical features, diagnostic criteria, influencing factors, and new ideas of acute demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system in children. These become more operable in clinical diagnosis and treatment of multiple sclerosis and other immune-mediated demyelinating diseases of the central nervous system in children.

Quantitative proteomic analysis of the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with multiple sclerosis

The diagnosis of multiple sclerosis (MS) is challenging for the lack of a specific diagnostic test. Recent researches in quantitative proteomics, however, offer new opportunities for biomarker discovery and the study of disease pathogenesis. To find more potential protein biomarkers, we used two technologies, 2-dimensional fluorescence difference in-gel electrophoresis (2D-DIGE), followed by matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization time-of-flight mass spectrometry (MALDI-TOF MS) and ultra-performance liquid chromato-graph coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (UPLC/Q-TOF MS), to quantitatively analyse differential proteomic expression in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) between patients with MS (the experiment group) and patients with other neurological diseases (ONDs; the control group). Analysis by the former technology identified more than 43 different protein spots (39 proteins), of which 17 spots (13 proteins) showed more than 1.5-fold difference in abundance as analysed by DeCyder software (GE Healthcare, Piscataway. NJ, USA) between the MS and the ONDs groups. The expression of five protein spots was elevated and the expression of 12 protein spots was decreased in the MS group. Meanwhile, the latter method, UPLC/Q-TOF MS showed 68 different proteins. There were 45 proteins with a difference of more than 1.5 folds between the two groups, in which the expression of 20 proteins was elevated and the expression of 25 proteins was decreased in the MS group. Data provided by the two methods indicated that the proteins overlapped ratio was 27% in the 26 significant proteins that had the same regulation tendency. The differential CSF proteins were analysed further by biological network and it revealed interaction of them. The subsequent ELISA measuring the concentration of cystatin C (P < 0.01), which was one of the proteins discovered simultaneously with the two technologies, confirmed the results of the two quantitative proteomic analysis. The combination of the two quantitative proteomic technologies was helpful in discovering differentially expressed proteins that may have a connection with MS disease physiology and serve as useful biomarkers for diagnosis and treatment of MS diseases.