Treatment Of Mastitis In Cows Research Articles

Эффективность препарата «МАСТИБЛОК® гель» при лечении мастита у коров в период лактации

The purpose of the research was to study the effectiveness of a new medicinal product for veterinary use «MASTIBLOCK gel» in the treatment of mastitis in cows during lactation. 5 groups (10 animals each) of lactating cattle with various forms of mastitis were formed: group 1 – subclinical mastitis; group 2 – acute serous mastitis; group 3 – chronic serous mastitis; group 4 – acute catarrhal mastitis; group 5 – chronic catarrhal mastitis. For the 1st, 2nd and 4th groups, therapy was carried out for 7 days, for the 3rd and 5th – for 14 days. The drug was used externally for all animals, by applying a uniform layer of 50 g 2 times a day to the surface of the udder. At the beginning and end of treatment, blood was taken in each group for general blood test; milk was taken to assess bacterial contamination and assess the number of somatic cells. The clinical assessment of the condition of the animals was carried out daily. All the animals were kept in the same conditions. The diet of cows of all groups corresponded to the norms for this type and technological use of animals. The presence of pathology and the effectiveness of the drug were evaluated based on the results of a clinical examination of animals, the results of bacteriological analysis, a general blood test and a milk test for the number of somatic cells. As a result of the work carried out, based on the results of the study, it was found that the drug showed high therapeutic efficacy in various forms of mastitis caused by opportunistic microflora in lactating cows, and also helps to restore the qualitative characteristics of milk and reduce somatic cells in them.

Biomedical aspects of the use of bacteriocins and glycerolates – possibility of use for the treatment of mastitis in cows

Domestic and foreign data on bacteriocin nisin's biomedical and veterinary use are analysed. The mechanism of action of Nisin is based on damage to the structures of the bacterial cell, which leads to the subsequent death of the target cell and makes it possible to reduce the development of microbial resistance. Like most bacteriocins, Nisin has high biological activity due to its effectiveness in the nanomolar range and is a lowtoxic substance. Unlike antibiotics, bacteriocin nisin is completely degraded in the body of humans and animals. An analysis of the sources revealed the safe and effective use of Nisin in clinical practice for treating respiratory, gastrointestinal and skin infections and inflammatory processes in the human oral cavity due to an antimicrobial effect against several microorganisms. It has been established that antimicrobial peptides exhibit synergistic and cytotoxic effects. The effective action of nisin against a wide range of pathogens of animal mastitis has been determined. A study of literary sources on using silicon-boron-containing glycerolates in medical and veterinary practice was carried out. The effective use of glycerolates in treating inflammatory diseases in humans and animals has been established due to their reparative and regenerative effects and high transcutaneous conductivity. The data analysis confirms the feasibility of using bacteriocin nisin with silicon glycerolates and boron bisglycerolates to develop pharmaceutical compositions.

A Study on Differential Biomarkers in the Milk of Holstein Cows with Different Somatic Cells Count Levels.

Dairy cow mastitis is one of the common diseases of dairy cows, which will not only endanger the health of dairy cows but also affect the quality of milk. Dairy cow mastitis is an inflammatory reaction caused by pathogenic microorganisms and physical and chemical factors in dairy cow mammary glands. The number of SCC in the milk of dairy cows with different degrees of mastitis will increase in varying degrees. The rapid diagnosis of dairy cow mastitis is of great significance for dairy cow health and farm economy. Based on the results of many studies on the relationship between mastitis and somatic cell count in dairy cows, microflora, and metabolites in the milk of Holstein cows with low somatic cell level (SCC less than 200,000), medium somatic cell level (SCC up to 200,000 but less than 500,000) and high somatic cell level (SCC up to 5000,00) were analyzed by microbiome and metabolic group techniques. The results showed that there were significant differences in milk microbiota and metabolites among the three groups (p < 0.05), and there was a significant correlation between microbiota and metabolites. Meanwhile, in this experiment, 75 differential metabolites were identified in the H group and L group, 40 differential metabolites were identified in the M group and L group, and six differential microorganisms with LDA scores more than four were found in the H group and L group. These differential metabolites and differential microorganisms may become new biomarkers for the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of cow mastitis in the future.

Economic evaluation of the effectiveness of therapy for purulent-catarrhal endometritis of cows with drugs of various pharmacological groups

Ensuring the food independence of the population of Russia, reducing the consumption of imported food products is one of the priority tasks of our economy. Achieving this goal is impossible without a comprehensive solution of many important issues of conservation and development of animal husbandry, a significant increase in the productivity of various animal species. Prosperous development is hindered by obstetric and gynecological diseases, which cause significant economic damage due to a decrease in milk productivity and reproductive potential, and premature culling of cows. A predisposing factor in the development of the inflammatory process is the weakening of the body's resistance as a result of inadequate feeding, lack of exercise, keeping animals in rooms where the main parameters of the microclimate are violated. The use of the preparation containing silver nanoparticles argovit allows to reduce the duration of treatment in the absence of damage from the rejection of milk after therapy. The study was carried out in order to study the cost-effectiveness of the treatment of mastitis in cows with drugs of various pharmacological groups. Animals were divided into experimental and control groups according to the principle of analogues. During the treatment of purulent-catarrhal endometritis of cows, the experimental group was injected intrauterine with the drug argovit in the form of a 10% aqueous solution at a dose of 100 ml 1 time in 48 hours and uteroton intramuscularly 10 ml once every 48 hours. The control group was administered intrauterine metrobiotic 1 tablet 1 time in 24 hours and uteroton intramuscularly at a dose of 10 ml, once 1 time in 48 hours. The results of the research established a high economic efficiency of veterinary measures per 1 rub. costs in the treatment of purulent catarrhal endometritis of cows with Argovit (16.2 rub).

Allicin Alleviated LPS-Induced Mastitis via the TLR4/NF-κB Signaling Pathway in Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells.

Dairy farming is the most important economic activity in animal husbandry. Mastitis is the most common disease in dairy cattle and has a significant impact on milk quality and yield. The natural extract allicin, which is the main active ingredient of the sulfur-containing organic compounds in garlic, has anti-inflammatory, anticancer, antioxidant, and antibacterial properties; however, the specific mechanism underlying its effect on mastitis in dairy cows needs to be determined. Therefore, in this study, whether allicin can reduce lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation in the mammary epithelium of dairy cows was investigated. A cellular model of mammary inflammation was established by pretreating bovine mammary epithelial cells (MAC-T) with 10 µg/mL LPS, and the cultures were then treated with varying concentrations of allicin (0, 1, 2.5, 5, and 7.5 µM) added to the culture medium. MAC-T cells were examined using RT-qPCR and Western blotting to determine the effect of allicin. Subsequently, the level of phosphorylated nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB) was measured to further explore the mechanism underlying the effect of allicin on bovine mammary epithelial cell inflammation. Treatment with 2.5 µM allicin considerably decreased the LPS-induced increase in the levels of the inflammatory cytokines interleukin-1β (IL-1β), interleukin-6 (IL-6), interleukin-8 (IL-8), and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and inhibited activation of the NOD-like receptor protein 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome in cow mammary epithelial cells. Further research revealed that allicin also inhibited the phosphorylation of inhibitors of nuclear factor kappa-B-α (IκB-α) and NF-κB p65. In mice, LPS-induced mastitis was also ameliorated by allicin. Therefore, we hypothesize that allicin alleviated LPS-induced inflammation in the mammary epithelial cells of cows probably by affecting the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. Allicin will likely become an alternative to antibiotics for the treatment of mastitis in cows.

ПОВЫШЕНИЕ ЭФФЕКТИВНОСТИ МОЛОЧНОГО СКОТОВОДСТВА ЗА СЧЕТ ПРОФИЛАКТИКИ И ЛЕЧЕНИЯ МАСТИТА КОРОВ ИММУНОТРОПНЫМИ ПРЕПАРАТАМИ

Currently, animal husbandry is rapidly developing, which often has an adverse effect on animals, violating immunity and reducing the natural resistance of the body. Therefore, cows with high milk productivity are most susceptible to various inflammatory processes, including mastitis. The purpose of this work was the scientific and practical justification of the feasibility of using immunotropic agents of a new generation for the prevention and treatment of cow mastitis. In the first series of experiments, prevention of cow mastitis was carried out with immunotropic drugs Prevention- N-A-M and Prevention-N-B-S, developed by scientists of the Chuvash State Agrarian University, as well as with the drug Mastinol; in the second series of experiments – treatment with drugs Prevention-N-A-M, Prevention-N-B-S, amoxicillin. It has been established that immunotropic drugs contribute to the prevention and treatment of cow mastitis, improve the function of hematopoiesis, metabolism, activate factors of cellular and humoral resistance, reproductive and productive qualities of the body, with a more pronounced Prevention-N-A-M effect.

Substantiation of the Scheme of a Balanced-to-unbalanced Matching Device for Treating Cows with a High-frequency Electromagnetic Field

A modernized apparatus for the treatment of mastitis in cows with an ultra-high-frequency (UHF) field is proposed, which affects the entire volume of the udder. The required electrical parameters have been determined. The well-known structure diagram of the device is analyzed and it is determined that the synchronizer unit needs improvement. A circuit diagram of the unit for matching the output impedance of the UHF generator with a therapeutic load has been selected. Its output parameters are experimentally determined.

Sensitivity of Staphylococcus aureus cultures of different biological origin to commercial bacteriophages and phages of Staphylococcus aureus var. bovis.

Background and Aim:Mastitis, an inflammation of the mammary gland, is an ongoing problem in dairy herds. In this study, we determined the sensitivity of Staphylococcus aureus cultures of different biological origins to commercial bacteriophages and phages of S. aureus var. bovis which were isolated on dairy farms, to create a drug for the treatment of mastitis in cows.Materials and Methods:We used cultures of S. aureus isolated from different habitats, and other types of staphylococci isolated on dairy farms. As antibacterial agents, the commercially available bacteriophages staphylococcal bacteriophage and Intestifag and field strains of phages Phage SAvB07, Phage SAvB08, Phage SAvB12, and Phage SAvB14 were used. Evaluation of their lytic properties was performed using the drip method.Results:The drug Intestifag lysed cultures isolated from human habitats and archival strains of S. aureus No.209-P and S. aureus (ATCC 25923) in 91.8%–100% of cases. Staphylococcal bacteriophage killed 3.6 times fewer cultures of S. aureus isolated from humans than Intestifag and did not affect the growth of archival strains. Neither drug lysed cultures isolated from cows or cultures isolated from dairy products sold in agri-food markets. Phage SAvB14 lysed 92.7±8.3% of S. aureus isolated from the mammary glands of cows and 69.2±6.4% of cultures isolated from dairy products sold in agri-food markets. Phage SAvB12, Phage SAvB08, and Phage SAvB07 lysed 1.2-1.7 times fewer cultures isolated from the mammary glands of cows and 6-18 times fewer cultures isolated from dairy products, compared with Phage SAvB14. Phages of S. aureus var. bovis can infect staphylococcal species such as Staphylococcus epidermidis, Staphylococcus haemolyticus, Staphylococcus saprophyticus, and Staphylococcus xylosus. The widest range of hosts was found for Phage SAvB14, which indicates its polyvalence.Conclusion:The biological origin of staphylococcal strains must be considered when developing effective phage therapy. Phage SAvB14 appears to be a good candidate for the development of a drug for the treatment of mastitis in cows.

Токсикологічна оцінка препарату «Фагомаст» для лікування корів за маститу

Modern technologies for the manufacture of phage preparations provide a high degree of purification from the products of bacterial activity, endotoxins and exotoxins, products of phagolysis of bacterial cells. However, bacteriophage preparations should be tested for safety and the absence of bacterial or other toxic contaminants. Confirmation of the safety of bacteriophage drugs is the study of their toxicity administered into the stomach once or over a period of time. The aim of the study was to determine the acute and chronic toxicity of the drug based on bacteriophages "Fagomast" for the treatment of mastitis in cows. Experimental studies to determine the toxicity of the drug "Fagomast" were performed on white mice by oral administration according to current methods. Clinical trials have been conducted in accordance with the ethical principles of the European Convention for the Protection of Vertebrate Animals Used for Research and Other Scientific Purposes. The results were calculated by the Kerber method. The experiment to determine acute toxicity lasted for 14 days. During the experiment, the behavior of animals was observed, and the number of deaths in each group was recorded. In vivo toxicity assessment, namely the determination of acute toxicity with a single administration and repeated use of the drug aims to determine the potential development of bacteriophage-induced toxic effects on living organisms. Studies have shown that the acute toxicity of the drug "Fagomast" corresponds to the LD50 - 5000 mg / kg live weight of animals. The drug does not have cumulative properties. The concentration of the drug does not cause irritation. It has no sensitizing properties and is non-toxic when ingested orally. Blood morphological parameters did not change significantly. According to the established signs, the working solutions of the drug "Fagomast" are classified as class IV (low-toxic) safety.

Cytotoxicity and anti-inflammatory effect of a novel diminazene aceturate derivative in bovine mammary epithelial cells

Diminazene aceturate (DA) has been used in the treatment of infections of trypanosomes in animals. Interestingly, its anti-inflammatory effect has recently gained increased interests. However, DA has been reported to have toxic side effects that limit its application. Therefore, we synthesized and screened a novel low-toxic DA derivative, namely the DA derivative 3 (DAD3). In the present study, anti-inflammatory effect of DAD3 was evaluated bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMECs) in vitro model. The results demonstrated that DAD3 had less cytotoxicity, and had a stronger effect in inhibiting secretion of inflammatory factors in BMECs, compared to DA. Mechanistically, DAD3 was able to inhibit the production of pro-inflammatory factors in part by suppressing the generation of mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) in BMECs upon LPS stimulation. Molecular analysis further indicated that DAD3 was capable of resolving inflammation in BMECs through a mechanism by preventing nuclear translocation of NF-p65, subsequently inhibiting transcription of inflammatory factors. In this context, DAD3 inhibited the phosphorylation of IκB, ERK, JNK and P-38 proteins of nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) and mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling pathways. These results suggested the DAD3 was a novel DA derivative with low toxicity and strong anti-inflammatory effects in BMECs exposed to LPS, through a mechanism by blocking the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways. This study also provides an evidence that the DAD3 may be a novel anti-inflammatory agents warranted for further investigation in treatment of mastitis in cows.

Effect of Marbofloxacin on mastitis caused by Escherichia coli in dairy cows

Mastitis is one of the economic diseases of the livestock industry, especially breeding dairy cows around the world. The most important bacterium that causes peripheral mastitis is Escherichia coli which can cause mild to severe mastitis. The Effect of antibiotics on mastitis caused by Escherichia coli is one of the dangers of the livestock industry. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of marbofloxacin as a new drug and compare it with the effects of enrofloxacin on grade I and II mastitis. In this study, 90 cows with mastitis grade I and II were identified and divided into three groups of control, anrofloxacin and marbofloxacin treatments. The cows were then treated and cows that had not been healed for up to 5 days were considered as untreated cows. In the present study 28 cows were treated with marbofloxacin and 24 cases were treated in the Enrofloxacin group and 2 in the control group. The results of statistical analysis showed that the effect of marbofloxacin was statistically significant compared to the two groups. It is recommended to use marbofloxacin as an effective drug in the treatment of mastitis in cows with mastitis I and II as compared to anrofloxacin.Conflict of interest: None declared.

Characteristics of bacteriophages of the Staphylococcus aureus variant bovis

Bacteriophages may be an alternative method of treatment for antibiotic-resistant bacteria, including mastitis in cows. Our study describes the initial isolation and bacteriological activity of bacteriophages, circulating on dairy farms, the against S. aureus var. bovis. Samples of cow’s milk secretions with signs of mastitis and sewage water were used as the study material. The isolation and production of pure bacteriophage lines were performed according to the double agar method. The method of studying a single cycle of phage reproduction was used to determine the duration of the latency period. Determination of the spectrum of the lytic activity of bacteriophages against the clinical isolates of the microorganisms was carried out by the drop method. As a result of the research, four phages, specific for S. aureus var. bovis were isolated: Phage SAvB07, Phage SAvB08, Phage SAvB12 and Phage SAvB14. The negative colonies of the isolated phages were 1–2 mm in size, rounded with clear edges, with varying degrees of transparency. The latency period of Phage SAvB14 was 35 min, with the number of active virions increasing by 8 orders. In the study on growth curves of other bacteriophages, taken in the experiment, the latency period was more than 35 min, and their titre increased by only two orders. Phage SAvB07, Phage SAvB08 and Phage SAvB12 were able to lyse the bacterial strains of S. aureus var. bovis in 25–45.6% of the cases (low lytic activity), whereas Phage SAvB14 lysed 94.1% of S. aureus strains were isolated from the cows. Studies have shown that among the bacteriophages we have studied, Phage SAvB14 with a short latency period has the best lytic action on the culture S. aureus var. bovis. The resulting bacteriophage strain can be used to create a bacteriophage-based drug for the treatment of mastitis in cows.

Evaluation of the presence of antibiotics in milk samples sold in the region of Campinas - SP

Abstract Milk is considered one of the most complete sources of health nutrients and is quite susceptible to contamination by antimicrobial residues due to the indiscriminate use of veterinary drugs to treat dairy cattle, mainly in the treatment of mastitis in cows. Antibiotic residues are considered chemical contaminants, arising from the treatment of pathologies of the dairy herd without adequate control of the disposal period provided by each medication. Milk may also contain residues of other substances from agricultural products and / or inputs and environmental residues, such as: antiparasitic agents, growth promoters, milking hygiene products, heavy metals and mycotoxins. The present study aimed to qualitatively evaluate the presence of antibiotics in raw milk samples, being 2 samples of bovine milk and one sample of goat milk. The samples of raw, bovine and goat milk were purchased from local stores and were kept at approximately 5 ºC for 8 hours and subsequently frozen at - 6 ºC for conservation purposes. The tests were carried out at the premises of Hexis Científica, Av. Antonieta Piva Barranqueiros, 385 - Distrito Industial - Jundiaí-SP, which provided training and use of the laboratory. Kit Charm QUAD-1, Test LF-BRPAC-100K, interpretation of the EZ System test (HX0066-00205) which detects the presence of Beta-lactams, Quimolones, Sulfa drugs, Tetraciclynes, Macrolides, Gentamicin, Aminoglycosides and Amphenicols, covering the drugs required in the National Contaminant Waste Plan-PNCRC. According to the analyzes, the samples studied did not show residues of antibiotics, which demonstrates the responsibility of producers with current legislation and consumers. Key messages As for the public health issue, different types of risks are associated with the presence of antimicrobials in milk, such as microbiological, immunopathological and toxic-pharmacological. The carrying out of information actions, in the production chain, regarding the risks arising from the ingestion of food contaminated by antimicrobial agents is essential for consumer safety.

Silver Nanoparticles Induced Oxidative Stress and Mitochondrial Injuries Mediated Autophagy in HC11 Cells Through Akt/AMPK/mTOR Pathway.

Silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) are widely used in industrial products, and they have good antibacterial properties, with potential for prevention and treatment of cow mastitis. However, concerns exist about the cytotoxicity of AgNPs. Thus, we have studied the role of autophagy in AgNP-induced cytotoxicity in mouse HC11 mammary epithelium cells. We found that AgNPs injured HC11 cells, with release of lactate dehydrogenase (LDH). AgNPs also induced autophagy in HC11 cells, which was associated with oxidative stress, as indicated by increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and increased expression of hemoxygenase-1(HO-1) and Nrf2. Mitochondria were altered by AgNPs: mitochondrial membrane potential (MMP) was decreased and the expression of PINK1 and Parkin was increased. AgNPs also increased the expression of p-AMPK and decreased the expression of p-Akt and p-mTOR. The addition of 3-methyl adenine inhibited autophagy and enhanced the cytotoxicity of AgNPs, indicating that autophagy is protective against AgNP-induced cell death. In summary, AgNPs induced protective autophagy in HC11 cells via the Akt/AMPK/mTOR pathway, associated with cellular oxidative stress and mitochondrial alterations. Our research confirms that AgNPs may damage the breast tissue in clinical applications and should be used with caution. Further research is necessary to clarify whether the damage caused by AgNPs will affect the lactation function of the mammary glands and possible residues in milk.

Изучение влияния препарата «Прималакт» на организм и молочную железу лактирующих коров

Abstract. The problem of prevention and treatment of mammary gland diseases in cows does not lose its relevance at the present time. Therefore, the veterinary pharmacologists face the task of developing new drugs to combat mastitis, which have a wide spectrum of antimicrobial activity and minimal side effects. The propose of the study was to assess the effect of the complex antibacterial drug “Primalact” on the clinical status, morphological and biochemical blood indicators of lactating cows and the detection of irritating effect on the mammary gland tissue. Methodology and methods. After intracisternal administration of “Primalact” at therapeutic (5 ml) and three-fold therapeutic (15 ml) doses, the general clinical condition of the animals and the state of the mammary gland tissues were analyzed, the change in the qualitative indicators of the udder secretion by the content of somatic cells and in the reaction with Masttest was evaluated. The results obtained during the experiment were statistically processed. Results. Examination data showed the absence of significant changes in the clinical condition of experimental animals and mammary gland tissue 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours after the use of “Primalact”. The results of blood morpho-biochemical analysis indicate the absence of significant changes in 72 hours. The reaction of the udder secretion with Masttest and the analysis of the content of somatic cells in milk of animals of both groups revealed the presence of a slightly irritating effect in the studied drug, terminating to 72 hours after application. According to the data of R. Miller (1977), drugs for intracisternal administration, which cause slight irritation of mammary gland tissue for a period of not more than 96 hours, are suitable for the treatment of mastitis in cows.

Tiamulin fumarat – new makrolide on bovine mastitis therapy in vivo and in vitro

Antibiotics nowadays are widely used for the treatment of mastitis in cows, which, along with a positive effect, cause negative consequences to the organism of an animal, can be consumed by people and interacts the cultural qualities of microorganisms However, it is almost impossible to refuse from antibacterial therapy of mastitis with chemotherapy drugs. And the variety range of chemotherapy drugs for mastitis therapy today is very wide. Since we conduct monitoring devoted to full characteristics of the strains of Streptococcus spp., isolated from bovine mastitis milk of the geographical zone of Leningrad region, Russia. That is, we analyses received data on the cultural, microbiological, serological, virulence factors, and sensibility to main used in practice antibiotics and to new ones. Taking into account the already proven resistance of microorganisms to antibiotics, the biological industry offers antibacterial drugs based on new active substances for use in the treatment of cow mastitis. In the assay described in this paper, we set a goal-to investigate the antibacterial effect of tiamulin fumarat to clinical isolates of streptococci received from milk of cows with mastitis, and to determine its clinical efficacy on cows with mastitis of the bacteriological etiology

Staphylococcus aureus induces autophagy in bovine mammary epithelial cells and the formation of autophagosomes facilitates intracellular replication of Staph. aureus

Staphylococcus aureus is an important pathogen causing chronic and subclinical mastitis of cows. Autophagy is an important regulatory mechanism that participates in the elimination of invading pathogenic organisms. Here, we hypothesize that autophagy is involved in the process of Staph. aureus survival in bovine mammary epithelial cells (BMEC). In this study, we detected the expression of autophagy-related proteins during infection and assessed the effect of autophagosome formation and degradation on the proliferation of intracellular Staph. aureus. Infection with Staph. aureus increased the protein expression of microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3-II (MAP1LC3, also called LC3-II) and sequestosome-1 (SQSTM1, also called p62) in BMEC. After infection, the formation of the autophagosomes increased but the autophagosomes and lysosomes could not fuse normally to form autolysosomes. When the formation of the autophagosomes was enhanced or the degradation of the autolysosomes was inhibited, the number of Staph. aureus in the BMEC increased. However, the intracellular proliferation of Staph. aureus was slowed when formation of autophagosomes was inhibited. Therefore, autophagy was induced in BMEC challenged by Staph. aureus but the autophagic flux was obstructed. Inhibiting the formation of autophagosomes in BMEC facilitated the clearance of intracellular Staph. aureus, which may offer a new strategy for the treatment of mastitis in cows.

ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ ПРЕПАРАТА, ИЗГОТОВЛЕННОГО НА ОСНОВЕ РЕДКОЗЕМЕЛЬНЫХ ЭЛЕМЕНТОВ, ДЛЯ ПРОФИЛАКТИКИ И ЛЕЧЕНИЯ МАСТИТОВ У КОРОВ

ПРИМЕНЕНИЕ ПРЕПАРАТА, ИЗГОТОВЛЕННОГО НА ОСНОВЕ РЕДКОЗЕМЕЛЬНЫХ ЭЛЕМЕНТОВ, ДЛЯ ПРОФИЛАКТИКИ И ЛЕЧЕНИЯ МАСТИТОВ У КОРОВ

EPIDEMIOLOGICAL, CLINICAL AND MICROBIOLOGICAL STUDIES ON ENVIRONMENTAL MASTITIS IN COWS

Epidemiological, clinical and microbiological studies on environmental mastitis were carried out on 100,3-7 years old cows, 50(peracute, acute, chronic) of them suffering from different forms of clinicalmastitis which divided into two equal groups; applying teat dipping (1st group) and non-applying teatdipping (2nd group). Other 50 cows were apparently healthy with apparently normal milk and also theydivided into two equal groups; apply teat dipping (3rd group) and non-apply teat dipping (4th group). Ourresults showed that peracute, acute and chronic mastitis in 1st group were 8%, 48% and 44%respectively, while in 2nd group were 16%, 56% and 28% respectively. Percentage of subclinical mastitisin 3rd and 4th groups were 28.5% and 71.4%. 41 isolates from teat dipping groups (1st and 3rd) and 76isolates from non-teat dipping group (2nd and 4th) were isolated. Environmental pathogen were E. coli 7,20 isolates, Enterobacter 4, 8 isolates, Klebsiella 2,3 isolates Str. uberis 10,17 isolates, Str. dysgalactiae1, 2 isolates respectively. Contagious pathogens were Staph. aureus 10, 16 isolates and Str. agalactiae 6,5 isolates respectively. Minor micro-organism; C. bovis (1 isolate) from non-teat dipping groups, CNstaph (1 isolate) from teat dipping group and Str. bovis (2 isolates) and Serratia (2 isolates) from non-teatdipping groups. Staph. aureus, Str. agalactia, C. bovis, Str. Dysagalactia, Str. ubris, Str. epidermids, Str.bovis and CN staph are more sensitive to danofloxacin, penicillin,andenrofloxacin, while E.coli,Enterobacter, Klebsiella and Serratia are more sensitive to danofloxacin, gentamycin, kanamycin. Weconcluded that, teat dipping is important in controlling environmental mastitis in cows, the environmentalmicro-organisms are coliform group (E. coli, Klebsiella and enterobacter), Str. uberis, Str. dysgalactiae,while contagious micro-organisms are S. aureus and Strept.agalactiae. Penicillin is the most effectivedrug in treatment of mastitis in cows.

Alternative Therapy of Animals – Homeopathy and Other Alternative Methods of Therapy

Alternative therapy of animals is described, in the meaning of alternatives to veterinary therapy traditionally accepted by veterinary faculties and schools and included in their curricula. Alternative therapy composes of different disciplines, of which homeopathy is emphasised in this presentation. Information is given on the use and interest of such therapy among veterinarians and animal owners. Homeopathy as other alternative therapies, may offer great advances, if they induce any effect. Some of the disciplines are based on a scientifically accepted documentation. Others, and homeopathy in particular, are missing such a documentation of effect. The justification of including alternative therapy in treating animals is discussed. Research in alternative therapy of animals is greatly needed, in particular to evaluate therapeutic methods which are in extensive use without any documented effect. An ongoing research project in Norway on the effect of homeopathic treatment of mastitis in cows is shortly presented.