Treatment Of Malignant Tumors Research Articles

The Diagnosis and Treatment of Osteosarcoma and Ewing's Sarcoma in Children and Adolescents.

Osteosarcoma and Ewing's sarcoma in children and adolescents require age-specific interdisciplinary diagnosis and treatment to achieve optimal therapeutic outcomes. The diagnosis and treatment of malignant bone tumors in childhood and adolescence are presented in the light of publications retrieved by a selective search, pertinent guidelines, and the authors' extensive experience in an interdisciplinary cancer center. Bone sarcomas make up approximately 5% of all malignancies in children and adolescents; the most common types are Ewing's sarcoma and osteosarcoma. Patients are often not referred to a specialized center until long after the onset of symptoms, as they and their physicians rarely consider the possibility of a bone tumor, and the symptoms are often trivialized. Bone pain of unknown origin, swelling, and functional limitations should be investigated with conventional x-rays. Lesions of unclear origin should be biopsied after a meticulous clinical and radiologic evaluation. Multimodal treatment consists of neo - adjuvant chemotherapy, limb-preserving resection if possible, and radiotherapy where indicated. In multicenter studies, patients with osteosarcoma achieve event-free survival in 64% of cases if their disease is localized, and 28% if it is metastatic; the corresponding figures for patients with Ewing's sarcoma are 80% and 27%, respectively. With implementation of the current treatment recommendations, most children and adolescents with malignant bone tumors can be treated successfully with curative intent. These patients should be referred to a sarcoma center for diagnosis and treatment.

AFATINIB-RELATED ORAL ULCERATION

Treatment of malignant neoplasms with antibodies is associated with oral mucosal side-effects. Afitinib may cause mucocutaneous lesions that mimic ordinary oral ulceration due to the blockage of the epidermal growth factor. This report aimed to describe a case of mucocutanous lesions associated with Afatinib. A 63-year-old Caucasian female, diagnosed with non-small cell lung carcinoma, presented painful, recurrent oral ulcerations since starting treatment for her lung disease. Upon intraoral examination, irregular 3 to 6-mm ulcers surrounded by an erythematous halo were detected in her lower labial mucosa, hard palate, and lingual frenulum. Upon extra-oral examination, ulcerative lesions were also detected on both the right and left aspects of her hallux (big toe) nail. The patient was treated with low-level laser therapy with marked clinical and symptomatic improvement. Treatment of malignant neoplasms with antibodies is associated with oral mucosal side-effects. Afitinib may cause mucocutaneous lesions that mimic ordinary oral ulceration due to the blockage of the epidermal growth factor. This report aimed to describe a case of mucocutanous lesions associated with Afatinib. A 63-year-old Caucasian female, diagnosed with non-small cell lung carcinoma, presented painful, recurrent oral ulcerations since starting treatment for her lung disease. Upon intraoral examination, irregular 3 to 6-mm ulcers surrounded by an erythematous halo were detected in her lower labial mucosa, hard palate, and lingual frenulum. Upon extra-oral examination, ulcerative lesions were also detected on both the right and left aspects of her hallux (big toe) nail. The patient was treated with low-level laser therapy with marked clinical and symptomatic improvement.

Current Strategies in Photodynamic Therapy (PDT) and Photodynamic Diagnostics (PDD) and the Future Potential of Nanotechnology in Cancer Treatment.

Photodynamic diagnostics (PDD) and photodynamic therapy (PDT) are well-established medical technologies used for the diagnosis and treatment of malignant neoplasms. They rely on the use of photosensitizers, light and oxygen to visualize or eliminate cancer cells. This review demonstrates the recent advancements in these modalities with the use of nanotechnology, including quantum dots as innovative photosensitizers or energy donors, liposomes and micelles. Additionally, this literature review explores the combination of PDT with radiotherapy, chemotherapy, immunotherapy, and surgery for treating various neoplasms. The article also focuses on the latest achievements in PDD and PDT enhancements, which seem to be very promising in the field of oncology.

CT-guided local ablative interventions

Applicator-based local ablations under computed tomography (CT) guidance for the treatment of malignant tumors have found their way into clinical routine. The basic principles of the different ablation technologies and their specific clinical field of application are described. Acomprehensive literature review regarding applicator-based ablation techniques was carried out. Radiofrequency (RFA) and microwave ablation (MWA) represent two image-guided hyperthermal treatment modalities that have been established for the treatment of primary and secondary liver malignancies. In addition, both techniques are also applied for local ablative therapy of lung- and kidney tumors. Cryoablation is mainly used for the local ablation of T1 kidney cancer and due to its intrinsic analgetic characteristics for application in the musculoskeletal system. Nonresectable pancreatic tumors and centrally located liver malignancies can be treated with irreversible electroporation. This nonthermal ablation modality preserves the structure of the extracellular matrix including blood vessels and ducts. Technical advancements in the field of CT-guided interventions include the use of robotics, different tracking and navigation technologies and the use of augmented reality with the goal to achieve higher precision, shorter intervention time and thereby reduce radiation exposure. Percutaneous ablation techniques under CT guidance are an essential part of interventional radiology and they are suited for local treatment of malignancies in most organ systems.

Development and application of oncolytic viruses as the nemesis of tumor cells.

Viruses and tumors are two pathologies that negatively impact human health, but what occurs when a virus encounters a tumor? A global consensus among cancer patients suggests that surgical resection, chemotherapy, radiotherapy, and other methods are the primary means to combat cancer. However, with the innovation and development of biomedical technology, tumor biotherapy (immunotherapy, molecular targeted therapy, gene therapy, oncolytic virus therapy, etc.) has emerged as an alternative treatment for malignant tumors. Oncolytic viruses possess numerous anti-tumor properties, such as directly lysing tumor cells, activating anti-tumor immune responses, and improving the tumor microenvironment. Compared to traditional immunotherapy, oncolytic virus therapy offers advantages including high killing efficiency, precise targeting, and minimal side effects. Although oncolytic virus (OV) therapy was introduced as a novel approach to tumor treatment in the 19th century, its efficacy was suboptimal, limiting its widespread application. However, since the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) approved the first OV therapy drug, T-VEC, in 2015, interest in OV has grown significantly. In recent years, oncolytic virus therapy has shown increasingly promising application prospects and has become a major research focus in the field of cancer treatment. This article reviews the development, classification, and research progress of oncolytic viruses, as well as their mechanisms of action, therapeutic methods, and routes of administration.

Gold Nanoparticles Inhibit Extravasation of Canine Osteosarcoma Cells in the Ex Ovo Chicken Embryo Chorioallantoic Membrane Model.

Canine osteosarcoma (OS) is an aggressive bone tumor with high metastatic potential and poor prognosis, mainly due to metastatic disease. Nanomedicine-based agents can be used to improve both primary and metastatic tumor treatment. Recently, gold nanoparticles were shown to inhibit different stages of the metastatic cascade in various human cancers. Here, we assessed the potential inhibitory effect of the glutathione-stabilized gold nanoparticles (Au-GSH NPs) on canine OS cells extravasation, utilizing the ex ovo chick embryo chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) model. The calculation of cells extravasation rates was performed using wide-field fluorescent microscopy. Transmission electron microscopy and Microwave Plasma Atomic Emission Spectroscopy revealed Au-GSH NPs absorption by OS cells. We demonstrated that Au-GSH NPs are non-toxic and significantly inhibit canine OS cells extravasation rates, regardless of their aggressiveness phenotype. The results indicate that Au-GSH NPs can act as a possible anti metastatic agent for OS treatment. Furthermore, the implemented CAM model may be used as a valuable preclinical platform in veterinary medicine, such as testing anti-metastatic agents.

Evaluation of therapeutic PD-1 antibodies by an advanced single-molecule imaging system detecting human PD-1 microclusters

With recent advances in immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs), immunotherapy has become the standard treatment for various malignant tumors. Their indications and dosages have been determined empirically, taking individually conducted clinical trials into consideration, but without a standard method to evaluate them. Here we establish an advanced imaging system to visualize human PD-1 microclusters, in which a minimal T cell receptor (TCR) signaling unit co-localizes with the inhibitory co-receptor PD-1 in vitro. In these microclusters PD-1 dephosphorylates both the TCR/CD3 complex and its downstream signaling molecules via the recruitment of a phosphatase, SHP2, upon stimulation with the ligand hPD-L1. In this system, blocking antibodies for hPD-1-hPD-L1 binding inhibits hPD-1 microcluster formation, and each therapeutic antibody (pembrolizumab, nivolumab, durvalumab and atezolizumab) is characterized by a proprietary optimal concentration and combinatorial efficiency enhancement. We propose that our imaging system could digitally evaluate PD-1-mediated T cell suppression to evaluate their clinical usefulness and to develop the most suitable combinations among ICIs or between ICIs and conventional cancer treatments.

Cryo-shocked cancer cell microgels for tumor postoperative combination immunotherapy and tissue regeneration

Prevention of recurrence/metastasis and tissue regeneration are critical for post-surgery treatment of malignant tumors. Here, to address these needs, a novel type of microgel co-loading cryo-shocked cancer cells, immunoadjuvant, and immune checkpoint inhibitor is presented by microfluidic electrospray technology and liquid nitrogen treatment. Owing to the encapsulation of cryo-shocked cancer cells and immunoadjuvant, the microgels can recruit dendritic cells and activate them in situ, and evoke a robust immune response. Moreover, with the combination of the immune checkpoint inhibitor, the antitumor immune response is further enhanced by inhibiting the interaction of PD1 and PDL1. With this, the excellent anti-recurrence and anti-metastasis efficacy of the microgels are demonstrated in an orthotopic breast cancer mouse model. Besides, because of the excellent biocompatibility and appropriate degradation performance, the microgels can provide support for normal cell adhesion and growth, which is beneficial to tissue reconstruction. These properties indicate the great value of the cryo-shocked cancer cell microgels for efficient tumor postoperative combination immunotherapy and tissue regeneration.

Possibilities of remedial treatment of dermatological adverse events associated with cancer treatment using physical factors

Due to the improvement of oncologic services, optimization of surgical treatment methods, and the emergence of new approaches to systemic anti-tumor therapy, a gradual decrease in the mortality rate from malignant tumors has been observed. The changing clinical spectrum of side effects that develop during the treatment of malignant tumors determines the need to optimize approaches to remedial therapy. One of the most common side effects of drug and radiation anti-tumor therapy are dermatological adverse events. The use of physical factors is a promising area in supportive oncology, including with regard to dermatological side effects. This article presents a review of scientific publications devoted to the prevention and remedial treatment of dermatological side effects of anti-tumor therapy with the use of physical factors. The high safety profile of a number of techniques and their pronounced positive therapeutic effect, allowing for the continuation of life-saving drug and/or radiation therapy, are demonstrated. Optimization of approaches to accompanying physiotherapeutic treatment of dermatological adverse events and more active introduction into practical medicine of those methods of treatment that have already proven their effectiveness and safety are an essential scientific and practical task of modern medicine.

P.102 Weighing the risks and benefits of perioperative steroids in the surgical treatment of malignant brain tumours

Background: Steroids are widely used in medicine because of their anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties; however, they have numerous adverse effects. In neuro-oncology, dexamethasone is the first-line treatment for vasogenic edema caused by malignant brain tumours. This retrospective chart review investigated the risks and benefits of perioperative steroids in the surgical treatment of malignant brain tumours. Methods: All patients (age ≥ 18 years) who underwent a craniotomy for the treatment of a malignant brain tumour at Windsor Regional Hospital between 2012 and 2020 were assessed for eligibility for this retrospective study. Baseline patient characteristics, cumulative perioperative steroid dose, and postoperative outcomes were recorded from electronic medical records (n = 362). Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS. Results: Patients who received a higher cumulative perioperative steroid dose (≥ 80 mg) had a significantly higher rate of postoperative complications compared to those who received a lower dose. These included wound dehiscence, postoperative brain edema on imaging, unplanned return to the operating room, and readmission within 30 days. Conclusions: Steroids are important medications in neuro-oncology, but they are not without potential complications. The findings of this study highlight the need for careful consideration when using steroids in patients undergoing surgical treatment of a malignant brain tumour.

Cisplatin ototoxicity mechanism and antagonistic intervention strategy: a scope review.

Cisplatin is a first-line chemotherapeutic agent in the treatment of malignant tumors with remarkable clinical effects and low cost. However, the ototoxicity and neurotoxicity of cisplatin greatly limit its clinical application. This article reviews the possible pathways and molecular mechanisms of cisplatin trafficking from peripheral blood into the inner ear, the toxic response of cisplatin to inner ear cells, as well as the cascade reactions leading to cell death. Moreover, this article highlights the latest research progress in cisplatin resistance mechanism and cisplatin ototoxicity. Two effective protective mechanisms, anti-apoptosis and mitophagy activation, and their interaction in the inner ear are discussed. Additionally, the current clinical preventive measures and novel therapeutic agents for cisplatin ototoxicity are described. Finally, this article also forecasts the prospect of possible drug targets for mitigating cisplatin-induced ototoxicity. These include the use of antioxidants, inhibitors of transporter proteins, inhibitors of cellular pathways, combination drug delivery methods, and other mechanisms that have shown promise in preclinical studies. Further research is needed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of these approaches.

Retrospective study of combined pelvic organ resection in the treatment of primary and recurrent pelvic malignant tumors.

e15635 Background: For locally advanced or recurrent pelvic malignancies, combined pelvic organ resection has been used to treat rectal, bladder, gynecological and other related malignancies. As an interdisciplinary and high-risk operation, the perioperative safety and future information are often very limited. We retrospectively analyzed the efficacy of PE surgery in our institution. Methods: In this retrospective study, 59 patients with pelvic malignant tumors received PE surgery from July 2015 to July 2021. They were divided into two groups according to the location of the disease: rectal tumor group (n = 40) and cervical cancer group (n = 19). The baseline data, gene detection reports, pathological reports, perioperative conditions and prognosis were analyzed. The two groups were compared by independent sample t-test; Comparison between groups χ2 test, the survival curve was drawn by Kaplan-Meier method and compared by log rank test. Results: Among these 59 patients treated with PE, the rectal tumor group and the cervical cancer group did not differ significantly in terms of demographics, operative time, hospital stay, intraoperative blood loss, and rates of use of preoperative and intraoperative radiotherapy. Compared with the two groups, the overall incidence of postoperative complications was 37% in the group with rectal tumours and 26% in the group with perineal wound infection being the most common, cervical cancer 46% and urinary tract infection being the most common. Comparing the postoperative survival OS between patients in the rectal tumor group and those in the cervical cancer group, the former was better, with 5-year overall survival rates of 37% in the rectal tumor group and 28% in the cervical cancer group. Within the group of rectal tumours, however, there are differences in survival between patients with primary (LARC) and recurrent (lrrc) rectal tumours; Patients with LARC have shown a significant survival benefit postoperatively, with 5-year overall survival rates of 40% for patients with LARC and 27% for patients with lrrc. OS was significantly better in patients with well differentiated tumors, N0 stage, and high microsatellite instability (MSI). On the basis of univariate analysis, poorly differentiated tumor, regional lymph node dissemination, MSI, and no chemotherapy received perioperatively were significant predictors of poor survival (P < 0.05). Conclusions: PE is currently an effective treatment for pelvic malignancies with aggressive radical resection of lesions, which can effectively improve their cure rate, improve quality of life, and careful patient selection can optimize outcomes.

A single-institution pediatric and young adult interventional oncology collaborative: Novel therapeutic options for relapsed/refractory solid tumors.

Pediatric interventional oncology (PIO) is a growing field intended to provide additional or alternative treatment options for pediatric patients with benign or malignant tumors. Large series of patients treated uniformly and subjected to rigorous endpoints for efficacy are not available. We designed a collaborative initiative to capture data from pediatric patients with benign and malignant tumors who underwent a therapeutic interventional radiology procedure. Modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors (mRECIST) was utilized as a measure of radiologic response and data were collected regarding improvement in pain and functional endpoints. Cumulative incidence of progressive disease was calculated using both the treated site and the patient as the analytic unit. Forty patients, 16 with malignant tumors and 24 with benign tumors, underwent a total of 88 procedures. Cryo- and radiofrequency ablation were the most frequently utilized techniques for both cohorts of patients. A complete or partial response, or prolonged disease stability, were achieved in approximately 40% of patients with malignant tumors and 60% of patients with benign tumors. No patients had progressive disease as their best response. Resolution of pain and improved mobility with return-to-baseline activity were demonstrated across patients from both cohorts. Only minor complications were experienced. Interventional radiology-guided interventions can serve as an alternative or complementary approach to the treatment of benign and malignant tumors in pediatric patients. Prospective, multi-institutional trials are required to adequately study utility, treatment endpoints, and durability of response.

Cancer nanomedicine in preoperative therapeutics: Nanotechnology-enabled neoadjuvant chemotherapy, radiotherapy, immunotherapy, and phototherapy.

Surgical resection remains a mainstay in the treatment of malignant solid tumors. However, the use of neoadjuvant treatments, including chemotherapy, radiotherapy, phototherapy, and immunotherapy, either alone or in combination, as a preoperative intervention regimen, have attracted increasing attention in the last decade. Early randomized, controlled trials in some tumor settings have not shown a significant difference between the survival rates in long-term neoadjuvant therapy and adjuvant therapy. However, this has not hampered the increasing use of neoadjuvant treatments in clinical practice, due to its evident downstaging of primary tumors to delineate the surgical margin, tailoring systemic therapy response as a clinical tool to optimize subsequent therapeutic regimens, and decreasing the need for surgery, with its potential for increased morbidity. The recent expansion of nanotechnology-based nanomedicine and related medical technologies provides a new approach to address the current challenges of neoadjuvant therapy for preoperative therapeutics. This review not only summarizes how nanomedicine plays an important role in a range of neoadjuvant therapeutic modalities, but also highlights the potential use of nanomedicine as neoadjuvant therapy in preclinical and clinic settings for tumor management.

Management of radial forearm free flap failure in head and neck reconstruction due to COVID-19 infection

Free flap surgery is a largely diffuse technique that allow to reconstruct various complex tissue defects. In head and neck surgery, they allowed reconstruction of an important variety of defects such extensive resection in treatment of malignant and benign tumors, defects as trauma consequence, congenital defects, and others. We present the case of 69-year-old Caucasian male admitted to the Department of Head and Neck for a cT2 N2b M0 squamous cell carcinoma of oral cave extended to the oral pharynx and treated with extended resection and radial forearm free flap reconstruction. No early postsurgery complication was detected. After 10 days from surgery, patient resulted positive for SARS-CoV-2. In the days after positivization, free flap started to show signs of ischemia, which lead to necrosis flap itself. A second surgery with palatal rotation flap and Bichat fat pad flap was necessary. Failure of free flap reconstruction is associated to vascular failure. In particular, venous thrombosis is the most common cause of vascular failure. Anterolateral thigh free flap was the one associated with the highest incidence of complications. Clinical comorbidity, smoking, age, and surgeon experience have been described as the mean risk factors. Actual knowledge as confirmed an increased risk of venous and arterial thromboembolic events in patients with SARS-CoV-2 infections. Nowadays there is no evidence of a correlation between SARS-CoV-2 diseases and free flap failure. Our case, about the patient with a tardive vascular free flap failure consequent to SARS-CoV-2 infection, suggests how COVID-19 could be a new risk factor for reconstructive surgery that surgeon community must keep in mind.

Auranofin and the efficacy of anti-PD1 immunotherapy.

e21180 Background: Anti-PD-1 immunotherapy brings hope for the treatment of malignant tumors, but its overall response rate is low.Therefore, how to sensitize anti-PD-1 therapy to make more patients benefit from immunotherapy is an urgent clinical demand. Methods: PKCι, as a classical oncogenic gene that affects cell proliferation and differentiation, has recently been found to participate in the formation of tumor immunosuppressive microenvironment (TIME). TIME directly leads to resistance to anti-PD1 therapy, so by inhibiting the expression of PKCι to regulate the inhibitory tumor immune microenvironment and sensitize anti-PD1 therapy. Auranofin is a commonly used anti-inflammatory drug in clinic. Recently, it was found that it can inhibit the expression of PKCι and retard growth of tumor. Results: Our study found that interference with PKCι expression in tumor cells can reverse the immunosuppressive microenvironment and enhance the effect of anti-PD1 therapy. Auranofin (PKCι inhibitor) combined with anti-PD-1 immunotherapy has better anti-tumor effect than single drug therapy. Auranofin can inhibit the expression of PKCι and its downstream YAP1 and TNFα, reduce the recruitment of immunosuppressive cells such as MDSCs and Treg, promote the infiltration of effector T cells, ultimately reverse the inhibitory immune microenvironment and play a synergistic anti-tumor role. Conclusions: In summary, the combination of Auranofin and anti-PD-1 immunotherapy can reverse the TIME to sensitize the immune effect, play a synergistic anti-tumor effect, and provide a new idea and theoretical basis for immunotherapy of malignant tumors.

Integrating analysis of proteome profile and drug screening identifies therapeutic potential of MET pathway for the treatment of malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor

ABSTRACT Background Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumor (MPNST) is an aggressive sarcoma with a poor prognosis that requires novel therapeutic agents. Proteome information is useful for identifying new therapeutic candidates because it directly reflects the biological phenotype. Additionally, in vitro drug screening is an effective tool to identify candidate drugs for common cancers. Hence, we attempted to identify novel therapeutic candidates for MPNST by integrating proteomic analysis and drug screening. Methods We performed comprehensive proteomic analysis on 23 MPNST tumor samples using liquid chromatography – tandem mass spectrometry to identify therapeutic targets. We also conducted drug screening of six MPNST cell lines using 214 drugs. Results Proteomic analysis revealed that the MET and IGF pathways were significantly enriched in the local recurrence/distant metastasis group of MPNST, whereas drug screening revealed that 24 drugs showed remarkable antitumor effects on the MPNST cell lines. By integrating the results of these two approaches, MET inhibitors, crizotinib and foretinib, were identified as novel therapeutic candidates for the treatment of MPNST. Conclusions We successfully identified novel therapeutic candidates for the treatment of MPNST, namely crizotinib and foretinib, which target the MET pathway. We hope that these candidate drugs will contribute to the treatment of MPNST.

The Use of Stereotactic Radiosurgery to Treat Functional Disorders: A Topic Discussion

Stereotactic radiosurgery (SRS) is a well-known modality for the treatment of malignant brain tumors. SRS, however, can also be used to treat non-malignant functional disorders such as epilepsy, tremor, trigeminal neuralgia (TN), obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), and intractable pain among others. Given the limited prospective data guiding treatment of these benign disorders, this article serves as a consolidated discussion of the application of SRS for functional ailments, hopefully serving as a reference for those considering application of this technique in clinical practice.

Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cell transplantation alleviates radiation-induced myocardial fibrosis through inhibition of the TGF-β1/Smad2/3 signaling pathway in rabbit model

Backgroundand purpose: Radiotherapy (RT) is an effective treatment for most malignant chest tumors. However, radiation-induced myocardial fibrosis (RIMF) is a serious side effect of RT. Currently, due to the mechanism of RIMF has not been fully elucidated, there is a lack of effective therapeutic approach. In this study, we aimed to investigate the role and possible mechanisms of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (BMSCs) in the therapy of RIMF. Materials and methodsTwenty-four New Zealand white rabbits were allotted into four groups (n = 6). Rabbits in the Control group received neither irradiation nor treatment. A single dose of 20 Gy heart X-irradiation was applied to the RT group, RT + PBS group and RT + BMSCs group. Rabbits in the RT + PBS group and RT + BMSCs group were injected with 200 μL PBS or 2 × 106 cells via pericardium puncture 24 h following irradiation, respectively. Echocardiography was used to test the cardiac function; Then the heart samples were collected, and processed for histopathological, Western blot and immunohistochemistry investigations. ResultsIt was observed that BMSCs have therapeutic effect on RIMF. Compared with the Control group, inflammatory mediators, oxidative stress and apoptosis were significantly increased, meanwhile, cardiac function was remarkably decreased in the RT group and RT + PBS group. However, in the BMSCs group, BMSCs significantly improved cardiac function, decreased inflammatory mediators, oxidative stress and apoptosis. Furthermore, BMSCs remarkably reduced the expression level of TGF-β1 and the phosphorylated-Smad2/3. ConclusionsIn conclusion, our research indicates BMSCs have the potential to alleviate RIMF through TGF-β1/Smad2/3 and would be a new therapeutic approach for patients with myocardial fibrosis.

A 3D-printed orthopedic implant with dual-effect synergy based on MoS2 and hydroxyapatite nanoparticles for tumor therapy and bone regeneration

Treatments for malignant bone tumors are urgently needed to be developed due to the dilemma of precise resection of tumor tissue and subsequent bone defects. Although polyether-ether-ketone (PEEK) has widely attracted attention in the orthopedic field, its bioinertness and poor osteogenic properties significantly restrict its applications in bone tumor treatment. To tackle the daunting issue, we use a hydrothermal technique to fabricate novel PEEK scaffolds modified with molybdenum disulfide (MoS2) nanosheets and hydroxyapatite (HA) nanoparticles. Our dual-effect synergistic PEEK scaffolds exhibit perfect photothermal therapeutic (PTT) property dependent on molybdous ion (Mo2+) concentration and laser power density, superior to conventional PEEK scaffolds. Under near-infrared (NIR) irradiation, the viability of MG63 osteosarcoma cells is significantly reduced by modified PEEK scaffolds, indicating a tumor-killing potential in vitro. Furthermore, the incorporation of HA nanoparticles on the surface of PEEK bolsters proliferation and adherence of MC3T3-E1 cells, boosting mineralization for further bone defect repair. The results of micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) and histological analysis of 4-week treated rat femora demonstrate the preeminent photothermal and osteogenesis capacity of 3D-printed modified scaffolds in vivo. In conclusion, the dual-effect synergistic orthopedic implant with photothermal anticancer property and osteogenic induction activity strikes a balance between tumor treatment and bone development promotion, offering a promising future therapeutic option.