Treatment Of Inmates Research Articles

Title- A Prison Without Bars, Chains, or Locks

Krishna Iyer, J. in his judgments has always supported humanitarian over punitive treatment of inmates. The Indian Constitution guarantees the fundamental right to life and personal liberty to all people, including prisoners. Previously, prisons were thought to be small rooms where convicted criminals were kept away from luxury and public life to allow them to reflect on their crimes and repent. Since ancient times, prisons have been used both domestically and abroad as punitive and correctional facilities. One of the concepts employed by the criminal justice system to help prisoners become law-abiding citizens is the open prison. This article begins with a brief study of the concept of open prisons and a comparative discussion of open prisons in Finland and India. This research paper tries to bring out the contrast between the Indian and Finnish Open Prisons as Finland is the perfect example to study the implementation of reformative justice in prison administration. The researcher has also critically discussed the conditions of the open prison system in India and tried to suggest measures to enhance the condition just like the Finnish Open Prisons. In the end, the researcher has concluded the paper with some suggestions that can be implemented to enhance the conditions of the open prison system in India.

교정간호의 실태와 개선방안에 관한 연구

Correctional medical personnel in prisons are recognized as workplaces that do not want to work due to low wages, insufficient medical facilities at the clinic level, and stigma of hate facilities, and are always insufficient from the past to the present. The lack of correctional medical personnel can negatively affect the treatment of inmates and lead to poor quality of medical services. In particular, orthodontists do medical treatment unrelated to their major, so the recipients do not trust the orthodontists' treatment and want video or external treatment. However, video or external treatment must be performed at a designated time with cooperative hospitals on an appointment date, so inmates may not be able to receive timely treatment. The lack of correctional medical personnel is causing an excess of work because correctional nurses have to take over for work. Therefore, the purpose of the study is to present practical and effective alternatives to expanding medical personnel. The scope of the study is to understand the actual state of prison correctional medical care based on previous studies, correctional statistics, and Internet data, and to derive various problems through this to find countermeasures. The countermeasure is to provide concrete and practical alternatives so that it can contribute to the expansion of correctional medical personnel. As a result of the study, in order to solve the shortage of orthodontic medical personnel, AI doctors and pharmacists are introduced and operated in the medical department of orthodontic facilities. Another option is to first introduce a traveling pharmacist system for orthodontic pharmacists, so that one orthodontic pharmacist is in charge of three to four correctional facilities. Next, rather than hiring correctional doctors only, correctional facilities with many elderly inmates are also hired and operated by oriental doctors. Finally, in order to hire excellent orthodontic nurses, it is necessary to allow correction facilities and schools to cooperate to conduct nursing practice in the medical department of orthodontic facilities so that they can understand and publicize the specificity of correction so that they can provide a lot of support when hiring.

Assessing the Treatment of Inmate and Recidivism in Abakaliki Correctional Centre, Ebonyi State-Nigeria

The paper is centered on the treatment of inmate and recidivism in Abakaliki correctional centre, Ebonyi State. The paper aimed at investigating into the treatment approach adopted by the correctional staff in handling convicts in their custody; inmates and staff perceptions of the goals of imprisonment; the extent the prisons abide by the Standard Minimum Rules (SMRs) of the United Nations; and inmates’ attitude towards reformation and rehabilitation. A descriptive study design using a questionnaire was used. We proposed and recommended that in order to curb recidivism and stop inhumane treatment of inmates, our correctional center officials and correctional system should treat inmates in a manner that conforms with the rights they have been guaranteed under that Nigerian Correctional Act and the Nigerian Constitution. It was also concluded that the treatment of inmates are inhumane and inhumane treatments leads to recidivism which compliments the need for a better corrective approach in order to stop recidivism. It is of paramount importance that further studies be carried out to ascertain other ways by which inhumane treatment of inmates can be stopped and other measures that need to be adopted to curb recidivism. Keywords: Correctional Service, Inhumane, Inhumane Treatment, Inmate, Recidivism

Selection And CBT Treatment Pilot Program Final Evaluation Using IORNS in Macedonian Male Prison Population

The treatment or the resocialization is the most important part of the prison sentence which methods can be individual and group. Motivated inmates and less resistance for the treatment are the main precondition for effective treatment. Appropriate behavior of personnel is the main factor for that result. Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) as the most effective evidence based psychotherapy approach for offender population is a type for inmate treatment. CBT is a result of Aaron Beck pioneering work in the 1960s. CBT model is based on the triangle relationships between cognition, emotions and behavior. The cognition is defined as a product of the three levels: cognitive schemas, negative automatic thoughts and dysfunctional thinking or thinking errors. The inventory of risk, need and strengths (IORNS), an risk assessment instrument, based on Risk, need and responsivity (RNR) model, was used for selection of (N=27) inmates and CBT treatment pilot program final evaluation, in Macedonian prison Bitola. The evaluation was done by comparing pre and post test measures in (N=12) male inmates, as optimal number for group psychotherapy treatment. According to the RNR model the treatment program needs to be oriented to the inmates needs. Implementing CBT treatment program for group psychotherapy and IORNS as short screening tool in Macedonian prisons was the aim of the project supported by the Council of Europe in this work. The results showed significant lower Procriminal attitudes but higher Aggression because of higher Aggressive behavior in the post measures. Results and instrument can be used in next CBT programs evaluations for better rehabilitation of prison inmates and reducing recidivism.

형제복지원과 생명정치

‘Hyeongje-welfare Institution’ was a camp for vagrants where the official death reached 531 between 1975 and 1987 due to the harsh treatment of inmates. When the horrors of the ‘Hyeongje-welfare Institution’ were reported in the media in January 1987, the media was alarmed that normal people were wrongly housed in the center, but did not question the fact that vagrants, who were deviant, were housed there. This judgment includes not only the historical prejudice that vagrants are to be rehabilitated and forcefully instilled with a work ethic, but also the fundamental flaw that prevents them from becoming normal. It's about detecting mental illness in hobos that might harm normal people. This study examines the conflation of vagrancy and mental disorder in the 1980s and confirms that vagrants are considered abnormal not only by social prejudice but also by biopolitics.

Treatment of women's prisons in Maranhão

Considering the growing relevance of the female prison scenario in Brazil, this research aims to analyze the treatment of female detainees in the country's penitentiaries, in order to assess its impact on social reintegration and the guarantee of human rights. The significant increase in the female prison population and the need to understand and improve detention conditions motivate the research, which seeks to answer: How are women treated in Brazilian prisons and how does this influence their social reintegration and respect for human rights? The research will use a bibliographic and documentary review, analyzing academic materials, relevant case law and national legal frameworks. Consultation of various databases, such as BDTD, Google Scholar and FGV's virtual library, will contribute to achieving the proposed objectives. Thus, the general objective of the research is to analyze the treatment of inmates in Brazilian women's prisons, assessing its repercussions on social reintegration and the guarantee of human rights. It concludes that social reintegration, conceived as a comprehensive process that transcends mere physical freedom, is faced with obstacles ranging from poor prison conditions to the lack of effective resocialization programs. The lack of educational and work opportunities, combined with social stigmas, intensify the challenges faced by inmates when trying to reintegrate into society. The guarantee of human rights, a fundamental and inalienable principle, is often compromised in women's prisons. The research highlighted the urgent need for public policies that ensure the dignity, integrity and basic rights of inmates, promoting conditions conducive to true resocialization.

Dire Consequence in Assessing the Inhuman Treatment of Prisoners to Promote Human Rights at Awutu Camp Prison in Ghana

Purpose: In our contemporary society, the recognition of human rights stands as a crucial and paramount phenomenon. Undoubtedly, every individual inherently deserves certain rights and freedoms, which are universally acknowledged by governments, activists, and corporate organizations alike. However, regardless of the other reasons society locks up its criminals, rehabilitating them and bringing them back to normal society has always been the expectation, if not the implicit goal. With the hindsight of the circumstances of prisoners in Ghana, this study brought to light the dire consequences in assessing the inhuman treatment of prisoners to promote human rights at Awutu Camp Prison in Ghana.
 Methodology: The study relied on constructive philosophy using a qualitative approach to investigate Human Rights Compliance at the prisons. The study used a purposive non-probability sampling strategy to identify nineteen (19) prison officers and inmates to subject them to interviews.
 Findings: The study concluded that the prisoners’ rights regarding accommodation, humanely hygienic conditions, access to healthcare, torture, and skill training or reformation are violated according to the UDHR. The study recommends that the GHC 1.80p cost of meal per prisoner should be reviewed to meet the UDHR. Also, the accommodation and sanitary conditions of inmates should be improved to meet the humane treatment of inmates. Additionally, inmates should be engaged with education and training that could instill trade in them.
 Unique Contribution to Theory, Practice and Policy: The study recommends that prison officers and inmates should be educated on their human rights as indicated by the UDHR and Human Rights document. Finally, this study should be replicated in other jurisdictions to ascertain equity.

Prison health services across ten central prisons in Cameroon.

In 2021, Cameroon held approximately 26,300 inmates in 84 prisons. The Ministry of Justice manages health services in prisons. Conclusive data concerning health care in prisons are lacking. Herein, we present the results of an assessment of health care provision and delivery in 10 central prisons. We adopted mixed methods, including document review, observations, interviews with the Ministry of Justice and prison facility officials, and inmate focus group discussions (FGDs). The 6 building blocks of the World Health Organization's health system framework guided the data collection. Moreover, we collected data on imprisonment conditions. Ministerial authorisation and verbal informed consent were obtained for all activities. There were a total of 17,126 inmates, with the prison populations ranging from 353 inmates to 4,576 inmates. The majority of prisons were characterised by huge overcrowding (mean 301%). The 10 central prisons operated infirmaries with insufficient space and equipment. Compared with the civilian health sector, the numeric ratio of paramedical personnel/inmates was favourable (1:3.4 vs. 1:0.5 p. 1,000 pop, respectively). Recent admissions were screened for the coronavirus disease 2019, tuberculosis (TB), and human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). Moreover, the inmates were diagnosed for current pathologies and lesions. For the treatment of chronic diseases and medical emergencies, the prison health services bridged service gaps on a case-by-case basis through informal arrangements with the civilian health sector. The service quality control was limited to those performed by the TB and HIV/acquired immune deficiency syndrome control programmes. Health data was collected and transmitted with a multitude of data collection tools, without standardisation and systematic verification. The primarily reported problems comprised the scarcity of resources and the absence of an effective oversight of resource management and service quality performance entailing governance problems. Participants in FDGs esteemed the quality of treatment as poor unless paid for in cash, and denounced severe difficulties for access to care outside the prisons when required. For meeting the standard minimum rules for the treatment of inmates, prison health care in Cameroon should fill the crucial gaps involving imprisonment conditions, access to health services, and accountability. Regarding chronic underfunding, intensifying collaboration with the civil health sector may partially address the problem.

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE RISK ASSESSMENT IN PRISON SENTENCING

Parallel to the growing knowledge on the principles of effective treatment of offenders, during the last two decades, there has been significant development in the field of risk assessment. However, there is little research on the use of standardized risk assessment procedures in practice. The objective of this study is to determine the relationship between the individual level of risk and characteristics of the treatment of inmates in the Tuzla Semi-Open Correctional Facility. The sample consisted of 67 inmates of both sexes (70.1% male and 22.9% female), aged from 24 to 67 (M = 40.60; SD = 10.81). Data was collected by analyzing the official records. Results of this study reveals few differences in the treatment of inmates according to their risk level. Statistically significant differences were recorded in 2 of 12 treatment characteristics, namely, an internal classification and the frequency of the individual meeting with a counsellor. These findings indicate the obstacles in the implementation of risk assessment in routine practice.Keywords:inmates, risk assessment, treatment, prison sentence

Analisis Kriminologi Perilaku Seks Menyimpang Warga Binaan Lembaga Pemasyarakatan di Provinsi Gorontalo

This research focuses on implementation, benefits, and to find out the problems faced in the treatment of inmates with deviant sexual behavior. This study raises the issue of how legal protection is given to victims of inmates with deviant sexual behavior in Class IIA Gorontalo Correctional Institutions and what are the obstacles faced by correctional officers in providing legal protection to victims of inmates with deviant sexual behavior. This study used interview and observation research methods, which described the treatment of inmates with deviant sexual behavior, then analyzed and concluded using a qualitative approach. Based on the analysis, it was found that the treatment of inmates with deviant sexual behavior was considered very necessary. Inmates with deviant sexual behavior have characteristics that are unique and different from other inmates in general. In general, inmates with deviant sexual behavior scattered in prisons throughout Indonesia are men who look like women or who like the same sex. Inmates with deviant sexual behavior are very vulnerable to bad treatment by other inmates, and can also have a negative influence on other inmates. Special treatment for inmates with deviant sexual behavior is deemed necessary, starting from placement in individual blocks to special coaching. There are obstacles encountered in its implementation, including the procurement of individual blocks of inmates with deviant sexual behavior and the understanding of Correctional Officers about the problems and deviations that will be caused by the presence of inmates with deviant sexual behavior in correctional institutions.

Antiretroviral adherence experiences among inmates living with HIV/AIDS in the correctional service facilities in Limpopo Province

The study aimed to explore and describe the experiences of inmates living with HIV/AIDS regarding ARV adherence in correctional services in Limpopo Province. A qualitative, exploratory, descriptive and contextual approach with a constructive paradigm was employed to gain insight into the experiences of inmates living with HIV and AIDS. Non-contact telephone interviews through transparent windows were conducted with the inmates living with HIV/AIDS (n=20) from May 2021 until September 2021 in the correctional service facilities in Limpopo Province. Telephone interviews were audio-recorded and transcribed verbatim from Tshivenda, Sotho, and Tsonga into English. Data were analyzed using eight steps according to Tech’s method of qualitative analysis to determine themes and subthemes. The results indicate the burden of taking multiple medication regimens, fear of stigma and break of confidentiality, shortage of nursing staff and high workload, professional nurses ‘insufficient’ adherence counseling and health-related information and education, inmates transitioning between correctional and police station facilities, insufficient provision of meals and meals unrelated to treatment times, and inconsistent criteria for provision of a special diet as factors contributing to medication adherence for detained inmates living with HIV/AIDS in the correctional service environment. The study concluded that optimal adherence to ARV treatment for inmates living with HIV/AIDS during incarceration is crucial to achieving viral suppression and improving medication outcomes for inmates in correctional service facilities.

Influence of Radio Coverage of Conditions in Nigerian Correctional Centres on Port Harcourt Residents’ Perception of the Treatment of Inmates by Authorities

This study was predicated on the need to analyse the influence of radio coverage of conditions in Nigeria’s correctional centres on how Port Harcourt residents perceive how the authorities treat the inmates in these centres. With Agenda Setting and Selective Influence theories as base, the study formulated four research questions. The sample size for the study was 384 (survey) and 24 (content analysis) drawn from a population size of 756,000 and 24 respectively. Among other findings, the study showed that in terms of pattern, radio stations covered conditions in Nigerian Corrective Centres frequently and prominently in detailed fashion. The results also showed that the residents recorded a high level of listenership to the selected programmes and also had a high rate of encounter of issues relating to the corrective centres. Finally, findings showed that the radio coverage of the correctional centres influences how the residents perceive the treatment of the inmates by the authorities. The study recommended that radio stations in Rivers State should maintain the pattern of coverage of the correctional centres so as to lead to advocacy and generate public discourse leading to reforms in the sector.

Level of Implementation of Safekeeping Practices in the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology

This study aimed to determine the level of implementation of safekeeping practices in the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology in Ipil District Jail and Ipil Women’s Dormitory Jail of Zamboanga Sibugay during calendar year 2018-2019. This study made use of non-experimental quantitative research design utilizing descriptive, frequency count, percentage and mean. It also utilized modified questionnaire in gathering the result. There were 127 inmates and 50 Bureau of Jail Management and Penology personnel utilized as respondents of the study. The main statistical tools used were frequency count, percentage, mean computation, t-test, analysis of variance and Pearson r Product Moment Coefficient of Correlation. The study revealed that there were more male inmates as compared to the females. Majority of the index crimes committed by the inmates were murder while on the non-index crimes, majority were charged against possession of illegal drugs. The security practices were always implemented by the two Jail under study which included the following: Commitment Order and Segregation of Prisoners or Detainees, Reception Procedures, and Disciplinary Boards and Punishable Acts of Inmates, Treatment of Inmates with Special Needs, Custody, Security and Control Emergency Plans, Movement and Transfer of Prisoners and Detainees, Rights, Privileges and Miscellaneous Provisions, and Inmates Welfare and Development Functions. There was no significant difference between the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology and inmate’s ratings on the implementation of commitment order and segregation of inmates or detainees. However, there was a significant difference between the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology and inmates’ rating on the rest of the safekeeping practices. Indeed, there was a significant relationship between the safekeeping practices and the level of Implementation of these practices. The researcher recommends that the Bureau of Jail Management and Penology implementation of safekeeping practices be continued and sustained.

The effect of direct-acting antiviral regimens and telemedicine on the treatment of inmates with hepatitis C virus infection in Israeli prisons.

Direct-acting antiviral (DAA) regimens and telemedicine services are both options for treating hepatitis C virus (HCV) within the prison setting. We aimed to compare factors associated with HCV treatment success over the past decade in Israeli prisons, specifically the influence of DAAs and telemedicine. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of inmates with HCV infection in Israeli prisons from 2010 through 2020. Demographic, clinical, and laboratory data were recorded, including treatment regimens and success rates. A total of 273 inmates were treated; mean age 45 ± 9.36 years; 98.2% males; 63.9% with a history of drug abuse. Advanced fibrosis was documented in 42.9%. The most common genotypes were 1 (46%) followed by 3 (40.7%). Interferon-based regimens were given to 68 inmates between 2010 and 2017. DAA agents were introduced in 2016, with pan-genotype regimens being exclusively used since 2019. Telemedicine services were used in 140 patients (51.3%), starting in February 2019. The sustained viral response (SVR) rate with interferon-based therapy was 78.8% and 98.8% with DAA treatment, giving an overall SVR of 93.2%. This difference between regimens proved to be the only statistically significant predictor of treatment success. The number of prisoners being treated with DAAs increased exponentially after telemedicine was introduced. Comparable SVR rates were achieved with either in-person or telemedicine consultation. Screening of this high-risk population and using telemedicine for treatment may be an effective strategy for the elimination of HCV from the prison population.

A Study on the Inmate Treatment in Nordic Countries

국내 교정시설은 오랜 기간 동안 과밀수용의 문제를 직면하고 있었고, 이에 따라, 재소자들에게 제공되는 수용처우의 질 하락은 당연한 양상으로 보인다. 실제로 국내 제공되는 의료처우, 교육교화, 직업훈련, 심리치료 등 전반적인 수용처우는 인력, 시설, 비용 부족 등 다양한 문제를 겪고 있다. 또한 이러한 문제들과 더불어 국내 수용처우는 각 재소자들에게 걸맞은 개별적이고 실질적인 처우가 아닌 획일적이고 형식적인 면이 강하다는 문제도 제기되고 있다. 그러므로 본 연구의 목표는 국내에서 잘 이루어지지 않은 교정선진국 북유럽국가의 교정시설현황 및 제공되고 있는 전반적인 수용처우에 대한 연구로, 더 나아가 국내 수용처우 개선방안에 대해 제시하는 것에 있다. 우선 선행연구, 기관사이트, 기사 등을 조사하여 국내 수용처우의 현황 및 문제점에 대하여 분석하였고, 북유럽국가의 경우 노르웨이, 스웨덴, 핀란드, 덴마크, 아이슬란드 각 국가의 교정보호청 사이트에서 제공하는 정보를 중심으로 전반적인 교정시설 및 수용처우 현황에 대해 살펴보았다. 또한 정부기관 자료와 더불어 여러 인터넷 자료를 조사하여 각 북유럽국가 교정시설에서 제공되는 수용처우의 내용, 원칙, 운영체계 등에 대하여 조사하였다. 조사한 내용에 따르면, 북유럽국가는 지역사회기반 수용처우를 장려하고 지원하여 인력 · 시설 · 비용부족 등의 문제를 해결하고 있고, 또한 정상화원칙에 입각하여 재소자도 똑같은 일반시민이라는 인식을 강화하고 지역사회와의 소통 및 연계를 활성화한 수용처우 제공에 힘쓰고 있었다. 그리고 재소자들에게 수용처우를 실행하기 전 각 재소자들에 대한 위험성 및 니즈평가를 실시하여 실질적이고 개별적인 수용처우를 실시하고 있었으며, 동기강화프로그램과 공인된 인지행동치료프로그램을 체계적으로 시행하여 수용처우 효과를 극대화시키고 있었다. 이러한 내용을 바탕으로 본 연구에서 제언하는 국내 수용처우 개선방안은 다음과 같다. 첫째, 지역사회기반 수용처우 활성화, 둘째, 공식적으로 인증된 동기강화프로그램 및 인지행동치료프로그램 실시, 재소자가 참여하는 교화계획 수립, 셋째, 개별적이고 실질적인 수용처우 실시이다. 또한 국내 수용처우 개선방안과 더불어 노르웨이 민영교도소, 아이슬란드 중간처우교도소의 운영시스템을 살펴보아 국내 민영교도소인 소망교도소와 중간처우의 집(소망의 집)이 지향해야하는 운영방향에 대해 제언하였다.

Music Therapy in US Corrections

Although the United States has the highest incarceration rate in the world and music therapy has existed in U.S. correctional facilities for almost a century, little is known about music therapists who provide services to people who are incarcerated. Exploration in this area is important as it could help inform clinical practice, music therapy curriculum, and potentially influence policy in the treatment of inmates. This study explores the philosophy, practices, and protocols of music therapists working in the U.S. corrections system. Board-certified music therapists ( N = 542) completed an online survey in which they indicated their reasons for working or not working in corrections. Participants who worked in corrections (n = 52) answered additional questions about their religious beliefs and political affiliation, music therapy practices in corrections, and protocols at their facility related to provision of music therapy services. The results of this survey revealed differences in demographic variables for music therapists who worked in prisons, who were significantly more likely to be men, χ2 (1) = 6.57, p = .015, or under-represented racial minorities, χ2 (1) = 5.82, p = .021, than music therapists who did not work in prisons, who were representative of music therapists in the U.S. (almost 90% white women). The majority of respondents who worked in corrections reported they were Democrats and more than half reported that their religious and/or spiritual views did not influence their decision to work in corrections. Music therapists most frequently addressed emotional awareness, impulse control, and self-awareness through music listening, discussion, and playing instruments. We discuss results in the context of current efforts to improve rehabilitation and treatment services within the U.S. correctional system.

Dental Public Health Doctors’ Awareness of Dental Services in Korean Correctional Institutions

Objective: To identify the status of dental services in Korean correctional institutions and suggest improvement measures.Methods: We surveyed 31 out of 32 dental public health doctors working at correctional institutions under the Ministry of Justice, to analyze the status of dental treatment provided in 47 such institutions. We also examined the dental public health doctors' awareness of dental services.Results: Thirty-seven percent of institutions had no radiation devices available for diagnosis, and 80.9% of institutions complained of a lack of radiation diagnostic equipment. In 78.7% of institutions, dental treatment by external doctors was performed regularly, and 93.5% of dental public health doctors thought that they were necessary. On the other hand, the need for a dental officer (including a dental public health doctor) was rated lower (74.2%). Among dental public health doc-tors, 83.9% said that the environment to deal with emergency situations was not sufficient, 64.5% were concerned about the disadvantages caused by medical accidents, and 61.3% thought that relief measures were insufficient. Futher, 66.0% of respondents said it was difficult to receive medical treatment at external hospitals if necessary. Moreover, 74.2% of dental public health doctors said working in correctional institutions was rewarding, and many doctors reasoned that it was notrewarding because they regretted not being able to provide high-quality treatment. As for the most urgent task to improve dental treatment for inmates, increasing the number of dental assistants and changes in the consciousness of medical services and medical officers were suggested, among others, such as establishing a dental hospital for inmates, expanding equipment and materials for dental treatment, and recruiting external (invited) dentists.Conclusion: Dental public health doctors oversee dental services at Korean correctional institutions, and further research is urgently needed to improve these services. Improvements in dental services at correctional institutions should include increas-ing dental staff including assistants and external dentists, and expanding the equipment and materials for dental treatment.

Vulnerable populations: A cross-case synthesis of correctional facility disaster response during Hurricanes Katrina and Maria.

This study aims to critically evaluate the Orleans Parish Prison (OPP), New Orleans, Louisiana response to Hurricane Katrina in 2005 and the Metropolitan Detention Center (MDC), Guaynabo, Puerto Rico, response to Hurricane Maria in 2017 to determine key areas for policy development. This study uses an interpretivist paradigm to conduct an inductive, cross-case synthesis and content analysis. The OPP in Katrina and the MDC in Maria; case-studies determined by similar exposure to hurricanes in the Caribbean and inmate population. Inmates as an intrinsically vulnerable population. Cross-case synthesis of the two selected case-studies comparing response to separate hurricanes. The ProQuest, Wiley, Scopus, Science Direct, and Google Scholar databases were used to establish a corpus of qualitative data focused on the evacuation and humane treatment of inmates. Inductive content analysis resulted in three themes which informed seven policy recommendations for enhanced correctional facility preparedness for natural and human-induced hazards. The preparedness of correctional facilities remains inadequate despite significant experience during Katrina, Maria, and other disasters demonstrating a failure in isomorphic learning. The theoretical contributions of this study are encapsulated in seven recommendations. Three are recommended accountability and support measures for the Bureau of Prisons (BOP) and state institutions by involving the FEMA and the Government Accountability Office (GAO). The other four are recommended improvements in EM planning for counties and municipalities.

Mental health training for correctional officers: a systematic review

AimsMental illness amongst prison inmates is a prevailing issue across the world, as mental illnesses are overrepresented in correctional facilities when compared to community populations. Despite this, correctional officers receive little to no training on how to respond to inmates with mental illness. Implementing mental health training could improve officer knowledge, skills, and attitudes toward inmates with mental illness. This could lead to improvements in risk management, humane treatment of inmates, and interprofessional collaboration with healthcare providers. There is limited research on the educational value of inmate mental health training programs for correctional officers. As far as we are aware, there have been no prior reviews of this literature. The goal of the present study is to review this literature to explore the nature and effectiveness of correctional officer mental health training programs.MethodMedical and criminal justice databases were searched for scientific articles describing correctional officer mental health training programs. All studies that included a measurable outcome on either correctional officer knowledge or inmate mental health were included in a final analysis. The review adhered to PRISMA guidelines for systematic reviews.ResultOf 1492 articles identified using search terms, 11 were included in the analysis. 6 articles described mental health education programs, 2 articles described skill-specific programs, and 3 articles described suicide prevention programs. Training programs reviewed content about mental illness, practical skills, and included didactic and experiential teaching modalities. The programs led to improvements in knowledge, skills, and attitudes amongst officers. Prior mental health attitudes, knowledge, and work experience did not correlate with improvements following training. Officers were more receptive to program facilitators with correctional or lived mental health experience. Experiential teaching was preferred to didactic teaching. A decline in training improvements occurred several months after training.ConclusionThere is limited but positive literature suggesting that structured training programs, particularly involving persons with lived experience and experiential components are beneficial. The decline in training improvements suggests need for ongoing education and systems change within correctional institutions to ensure sustainability of gains. In terms of limitations of this review, it is possible articles pertaining to correctional officer mental health training were not available on the databases searched or some programs may not be published. Studies were also limited in their outcome measurement, with no consistent tools, and no control groups. This review can guide the development, delivery, and contribute toward best practice guidelines for future inmate mental health training programs and studies.

Penanganan Masalah Rentan Narapidana Lanjut Usia dan Pembinaannya Di Lembaga Pemasyarakatan Narkotika Kelas IIA Karang Intan

The purpose of this writing also aims to establish regulations in the standard of treatment of inmates and elderly prisoners by going through the Jakarta statement (Jakarta Rules) that will change the development of the elderly to a better direction, by paying attention to the rules of the law that has been set. Journal writing is made using qualitative methods whose writing is descriptive and uses an approach to the rule of law that can describe the situation of existing field conditions. From the results of the current field research, there are still elderly inmates who in the process of coaching are likened to inmates of productive age in general, and services that have not been seen specifically for elderly inmates. Elderly inmates are very vulnerable so they must get special attention in their self-reliance services, because it can be seen in terms of their physical condition that is vulnerable (weak) and is not as good as the physical inmate in general so that inmates who are classified as elderly should get special attention to their coaching and adapted to the way they pay attention to the laws that govern it.