Treatment Of Influenza In Children Research Articles

Trends in Outpatient Influenza Antiviral Use Among Children and Adolescents in the United States.

Influenza antivirals improve outcomes in children with duration of symptoms <2 days and those at high risk for influenza complications. Real-world prescribing of influenza antivirals in the pediatric population is unknown. We performed a cross-sectional study of outpatient and emergency department prescription claims in individuals <18 years of age included in the IBM Marketscan Commercial Claims and Encounters Database between July 1, 2010 and June 30, 2019. Influenza antiviral use was defined as any dispensing of oseltamivir, baloxavir, or zanamivir. The primary outcome was the rate of antiviral dispensing per 1000 enrolled children. Secondary outcomes included antiviral dispensing per 1000 influenza diagnoses and inflation-adjusted costs of antiviral agents. Outcomes were calculated and stratified by age, acute versus prophylactic treatment, influenza season, and geographic region. The analysis included 1 416 764 unique antiviral dispensings between 2010 and 2019. Oseltamivir was the most frequently prescribed antiviral (99.8%). Dispensing rates ranged from 4.4 to 48.6 per 1000 enrolled children. Treatment rates were highest among older children (12-17 years of age), during the 2017 to 2018 influenza season, and in the East South Central region. Guideline-concordant antiviral use among young children (<2 years of age) at a high risk of influenza complications was low (<40%). The inflation-adjusted cost for prescriptions was $208 458 979, and the median cost ranged from $111 to $151. There is wide variability and underuse associated with influenza antiviral use in children. These findings reveal opportunities for improvement in the prevention and treatment of influenza in children.

Recommendations for Prevention and Control of Influenza in Children, 2023-2024.

This statement updates the recommendations of the American Academy of Pediatrics for the routine use of influenza vaccine and antiviral medications in the prevention and treatment of influenza in children during the 2023-2024 influenza season. A detailed review of the evidence supporting these recommendations is published in the accompanying technical report (www.pediatrics.org/cgi/doi/10.1542/peds.2023-063773). The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends annual influenza vaccination of all children without medical contraindications starting at 6 months of age. Children are at risk for hospitalization and death from influenza. Influenza vaccination is an important strategy for protecting children and the broader community, as well as reducing the overall burden of respiratory illnesses when other viruses are cocirculating. Any licensed influenza vaccine appropriate for age and health status can be administered, ideally as soon as possible in the season, without preference for one product or formulation over another. Antiviral treatment of influenza is recommended for children with suspected (eg, influenza-like illness [fever with either cough or sore throat]) or confirmed influenza who are hospitalized, have severe or progressive disease, or have underlying conditions that increase their risk of complications of influenza, regardless of duration of illness. Antiviral treatment should be initiated as soon as possible. Antiviral treatment may be considered in the outpatient setting for symptomatic children with suspected or confirmed influenza disease who are not at high risk for influenza complications, if treatment can be initiated within 48 hours of illness onset. Antiviral treatment may also be considered for children with suspected or confirmed influenza disease whose siblings or household contacts either are younger than 6 months or have a high-risk condition that predisposes them to complications of influenza. Antiviral chemoprophylaxis is recommended for the prevention of influenza virus infection as an adjunct to vaccination in certain individuals, especially exposed children who are at high risk for influenza complications but have not yet been immunized or those who are not expected to mount an effective immune response.

Recommendations for Prevention and Control of Influenza in Children, 2023-2024.

This technical report accompanies the recommendations of the American Academy of Pediatrics for the routine use of influenza vaccine and antiviral medications in the prevention and treatment of influenza in children during the 2023-2024 season. The rationale for the American Academy of Pediatrics recommendation for annual influenza vaccination of all children without medical contraindications starting at 6 months of age is provided. Influenza vaccination is an important strategy for protecting children and the broader community against influenza. This technical report summarizes recent influenza seasons, morbidity and mortality in children, vaccine effectiveness, and vaccination coverage, and provides detailed guidance on vaccine storage, administration, and implementation. The report also provides a brief background on inactivated and live-attenuated influenza vaccines, available vaccines this season, vaccination during pregnancy and breastfeeding, diagnostic testing for influenza, and antiviral medications for treatment and chemoprophylaxis. Strategies to promote vaccine uptake are emphasized.

RDN for the treatment of influenza in children: a randomized, double-blinded, parallel-controlled clinical trial

BackgroundThe morbidity of influenza in children increased rapidly in decade. Reduning injection (RDN), a small but fine Chinese herbal formula, has antipyretic, antiviral, anti-inflammatory effects. We intend to evaluate the efficacy and safety of RDN for the influenza in children versus Oseltamivir, explore the possible antiviral mechanism of RDN and provide evidence-based medical evidence for rational clinical drug usage.MethodWe design a randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, parallel control of positive drug, multi-centre clinical study. According to the formula of mean superiority test, a total of 240 patients with influenza in children will be randomized 1:1 into the experimental group and control group. The experimental group will take RDN and Oseltamivir phosphate granule simulants and the control group will take Oseltamivir phosphate granule and RDN simulants. Each group will be treated for 5 days. The primary outcome measure is temperature recovery time, and the secondary outcome measures include time when the fever begins to subside, time and degree of disease to alleviate, disappearance rate of individual symptoms and so on. We will measure before enrollment and each 24 h after treatment for comparison.DiscussionThe study is launched to evaluate the efficacy and safety of RDN for the treatment of influenza in children and to provide an alternative option for influenza in children.Trial registrationThis study is registered in ClinicalTrials.gov as NCT04183725, registered on 3 December, 2019.

Эффективность осельтамивира в профилактике и лечении гриппа у детей

Эффективность осельтамивира в профилактике и лечении гриппа у детей

A Comparative Study of Severe and Critical Influenza B in Children in the 2021-2022 Winter Season.

Influenza B viruses are less common than influenza A viruses in most seasons and cause relatively milder forms of infection that are less studied. We witnessed a dominance of influenza B in Shijiazhuang, China, in the 2021-2022 winter season. In this study, we comparatively investigated the severe and critical influenza B in pediatric patients. Children who were hospitalized from December 2021 to January 2022 and diagnosed with influenza B were included in this study. Those who tested positive for COVID-19 were excluded. Demographic data, clinical features, underlying medical conditions, laboratory testing results, and treatment outcomes were retrieved and analyzed retrospectively. Disease severity was classified as severe or critical according to Chinese expert consensus on diagnosis and treatment of influenza in children. A significantly greater proportion of patients with critical influenza had extra-pulmonary complications and bacterial coinfections. Children with critical influenza B had substantially higher levels of procalcitonin and lactate dehydrogenase, a markedly higher neutrophil percentage and a significantly lower CD4+ lymphocyte percentage. Our findings suggest that, to effectively manage critical influenza B, therapeutic regimens should consist of organ-specific supportive care, antibiotic application if bacterial coinfection is present, and anti-inflammatory and immune-boosting treatments.

Recommendations for Prevention and Control of Influenza in Children, 2022-2023.

This technical report accompanies the recommendations of the American Academy of Pediatrics for the routine use of influenza vaccine and antiviral medications in the prevention and treatment of influenza in children during the 2022 to 2023 season. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends annual influenza vaccination of all children without medical contraindications starting at 6 months of age. Influenza vaccination is an important strategy for protecting children and the broader community as well as reducing the overall burden of respiratory illnesses when other viruses, including severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2, are cocirculating. This technical report summarizes recent influenza seasons, morbidity and mortality in children, vaccine effectiveness, and vaccination coverage, and provides detailed guidance on storage, administration, and implementation. The report also provides a brief background on inactivated and live attenuated influenza vaccine recommendations, vaccination during pregnancy and breastfeeding, diagnostic testing, and antiviral medications for treatment and chemoprophylaxis. Updated information is provided about the 2021 to 2022 influenza season, influenza immunization rates, the effectiveness of influenza vaccination on hospitalization and mortality, available vaccines, guidance for patients with history of severe allergic reactions to prior influenza vaccinations, and strategies to promote vaccine uptake.

Recommendations for Prevention and Control of Influenza in Children, 2022-2023.

This statement updates the recommendations of the American Academy of Pediatrics for the routine use of influenza vaccine and antiviral medications in the prevention and treatment of influenza in children during the 2022-2023 influenza season. A detailed review of the evidence supporting these recommendations is published in the accompanying technical report (http://www.pediatrics.org/cgi/doi/10.1542/peds.2022-059275). The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends annual influenza vaccination of all children without medical contraindications starting at 6 months of age. Influenza vaccination is an important strategy for protecting children and the broader community, as well as reducing the overall burden of respiratory illnesses when other viruses, including severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2, are cocirculating. Any licensed influenza vaccine appropriate for age and health status can be administered, ideally as soon as possible in the season, without preference for one product or formulation over another. Antiviral treatment of influenza with any US Food and Drug Administration-approved, age-appropriate influenza antiviral medication is recommended for children with suspected or confirmed influenza who are hospitalized, have severe or progressive disease, or have underlying conditions that increase their risk of complications of influenza, regardless of duration of illness. Antiviral treatment should be initiated as soon as possible. Antiviral treatment may be considered in the outpatient setting for symptomatic children with suspected or confirmed influenza disease who are not at high risk for influenza complications, if treatment can be initiated within 48 hours of illness onset, and for children with suspected or confirmed influenza disease whose siblings or household contacts either are younger than 6 months or have a high-risk condition that predisposes them to complications of influenza. Antiviral chemoprophylaxis is recommended for the prevention of influenza virus infection as an adjunct to vaccination in certain individuals, especially exposed children who are at high risk for influenza complications but have not yet been immunized or who lack a sufficient immune response.

Efficacy and safety of Qinxiang Qingjie oral solution for the treatment of influenza in children: a randomized, double-blind, multicenter clinical trial.

BackgroundQinxiang Qingjie (QXQJ), an oral solution containing various Chinese herbs, is indicated for pediatric upper respiratory tract infections. The treatment of influenza also shows potential advantages in shortening the duration of illness and improving symptoms. However, there is still a lack of high-quality clinical evidence to support this. The trial was to explore the efficacy and safety of QXQJ for treating pediatric influenza and provide an evidence-based basis for expanding its applicability.MethodsA randomized, double-blind, double-dummy, positive-controlled, multicenter clinical trial was conducted in 14 hospitals in China. Children aged 1–13 years with influenza and “exterior and interior heat syndromes” as defined by traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) were randomly assigned to two groups with 1:1 radio. Children in the test group received QXQJ oral solution and oseltamivir simulant, while the control group received oseltamivir phosphate granules and QXQJ simulant. The duration of treatment was five days, followed by a two-day follow-up period. The primary endpoint was the clinical recovery time. Secondary endpoints included the time to defervescence, incidences of complications and severe or critical influenza, negative conversion rate, improvement of TCM syndromes, and safety profiles of the therapeutics, which mainly contained the adverse clinical events and adverse drug reactions.ResultsA total of 231 children were randomized to either the QXQJ (n=117) or oseltamivir (n=114) group. The FAS and PPS results showed that both groups experienced a median clinical recovery time of three days (P>0.05). The median time to defervescence of both groups were 36 hours in FAS and PPS (P>0.05), and two groups did not differ in terms of the other secondary endpoints (P>0.05). 14 patients (12.39%) in the QXQJ group and 14 patients (12.50%) in the oseltamivir group reported at least one adverse event, respectively. One serious adverse event occurred in the QXQJ group. There was no significant difference in the incidence of adverse events or adverse drug reactions between the groups.ConclusionsThe efficacy of QXQJ oral solution was comparable to that of oseltamivir for treating influenza in children, with an acceptable safety profile.Trial RegistrationChinese Clinical Trial Registry ChiCTR1900021060.

Recommendations for Prevention and Control of Influenza in Children, 2021-2022.

This statement updates the recommendations of the American Academy of Pediatrics for the routine use of influenza vaccine and antiviral medications in the prevention and treatment of influenza in children during the 2021–2022 influenza season. A detailed review of the evidence supporting these recommendations is published in the accompanying technical report.1 The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends annual influenza immunization of all children without medical contraindications, starting at 6 months of age. Influenza vaccination is an important intervention to protect vulnerable populations and reduce the burden of respiratory illnesses during circulation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, which is expected to continue during the 2021–2022 influenza season. Any licensed, recommended, age-appropriate vaccine available can be administered, without preference for one product or formulation over another. Antiviral treatment of influenza with any licensed, recommended, age-appropriate influenza antiviral medication is recommended for children with suspected or confirmed influenza who are hospitalized, have severe or progressive disease, or have underlying conditions that increase their risk of complications of influenza. Antiviral treatment may be considered for any previously healthy, symptomatic outpatient not at high risk for influenza complications, in whom an influenza diagnosis is confirmed or suspected, if treatment can be initiated within 48 hours of illness onset and for children whose siblings or household contacts either are younger than 6 months or have a high-risk condition that predisposes them to complications of influenza.Children consistently have the highest attack rates of influenza in the community during seasonal influenza epidemics. Children play a pivotal role in the transmission of influenza virus infection to household and other close contacts and can experience substantial morbidity, including severe or fatal complications from influenza infection.2 Children younger than 5 years, especially those younger than 2 years, and children with certain underlying medical conditions are at increased risk of hospitalization and complications attributable to influenza (Table 1).2 School-aged children bear a large influenza disease burden and are more likely to seek influenza-related medical care compared with healthy adults.2,3 Reducing influenza virus transmission among children decreases the burden of childhood influenza and transmission of influenza virus to household contacts and community members of all ages.2,3 Influenza vaccination is particularly important during the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 pandemic to reduce the burden of respiratory illnesses and hospitalizations and preserve the capacity of the health care infrastructure. The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends routine influenza vaccination and antiviral agents for the prevention and treatment of influenza in children, respectively. This policy statement summarizes updates and recommendations for the 2021–2022 influenza season. An accompanying technical report provides further detail regarding recent influenza seasons, influenza vaccine effectiveness (VE), detailed updates of inactivated influenza vaccines (IIVs) and live attenuated influenza vaccines (LAIVs), influenza vaccination coverage, vaccine implementation, and timing of vaccination and duration of protection.1Children and adolescents with certain underlying medical conditions have a high risk of complications from influenza (Table 1). Although universal influenza vaccination is recommended for everyone starting at 6 months of age, emphasis should be placed in ensuring that high-risk and vulnerable children and their household contacts and caregivers receive annual influenza vaccine.The seasonal influenza vaccines licensed for children and adults for the 2021–2022 season are shown in Table 2. More than one product may be appropriate for a given patient, and vaccination should not be delayed to obtain a specific product.All 2021–2022 seasonal influenza vaccines will be quadrivalent and contain the same influenza strains as recommended by the World Health Organization and the US Food and Drug Administration Vaccines and Related Biological Products Advisory Committee for the Northern Hemisphere.4,5 Both influenza A(H1N1) and A(H3N2) components are different in this season’s vaccine. The B components are unchanged. The influenza A strains may be different for egg-based versus cell- or recombinant-based vaccines on the basis of their optimal characteristics for each platform, but all are matched to the strains expected to circulate in the 2021–2022 season.The contraindications and precautions for the use of IIV and LAIV are described in Table 3, and further details are provided in the technical report.1 Anaphylactic and severe allergic reactions to any influenza vaccine are contraindications to vaccination. The AAP recommends that children who have had an allergic reaction after a previous dose of any influenza vaccine should be evaluated by an allergist to determine if future receipt of the vaccine is appropriate.Antivirals available for the treatment and prophylaxis of influenza in children are described in Table 4.Antiviral chemoprophylaxis is recommended after known or suspected influenza exposure in the following situations: Jennifer M. Frantz, MPH

Recommendations for Prevention and Control of Influenza in Children, 2021-2022.

This technical report accompanies the recommendations of the American Academy of Pediatrics for the routine use of the influenza vaccine and antiviral medications in the prevention and treatment of influenza in children during the 2021-2022 season. Influenza vaccination is an important intervention to protect vulnerable populations and reduce the burden of respiratory illnesses during circulation of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, which is expected to continue during this influenza season. In this technical report, we summarize recent influenza seasons, morbidity and mortality in children, vaccine effectiveness, vaccination coverage, and detailed guidance on storage, administration, and implementation. We also provide background on inactivated and live attenuated influenza vaccine recommendations, vaccination during pregnancy and breastfeeding, diagnostic testing, and antiviral medications for treatment and chemoprophylaxis.

Recommendations for Prevention and Control of Influenza in Children, 2020-2021.

This statement updates the recommendations of the American Academy of Pediatrics for the routine use of influenza vaccine and antiviral medications in the prevention and treatment of influenza in children during the 2020-2021 season.The American Academy of Pediatrics (AAP) recommends routine influenza immunization of all children without medical contraindications, starting at 6 months of age. Influenza vaccination is an important intervention to protect vulnerable populations and reduce the burden of respiratory illnesses during the severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic. Any licensed, recommended, age-appropriate vaccine available can be administered, without preference for one product or formulation over another.Antiviral treatment of influenza with any licensed, recommended, age-appropriate influenza antiviral medication is recommended for children with suspected or confirmed influenza who are hospitalized, have severe or progressive disease, or have underlying conditions that increase their risk of complications of influenza. Antiviral treatment may be considered for any previously healthy, symptomatic outpatient not at high risk for influenza complications in whom an influenza diagnosis is confirmed or suspected, if treatment can be initiated within 48 hours of illness onset, and for children whose siblings or household contacts either are younger than 6 months or have a high-risk condition that predisposes them to complications of influenza.

Clinical Study of Reduning Injeciton for the Treatment of Influenza in Children

Clinical Study of Reduning Injeciton for the Treatment of Influenza in Children

Recommendations for Prevention and Control of Influenza in Children, 2019-2020.

This statement updates the recommendations of the American Academy of Pediatrics for the routine use of influenza vaccines and antiviral medications in the prevention and treatment of influenza in children during the 2019-2020 season. The American Academy of Pediatrics continues to recommend routine influenza immunization of all children without medical contraindications, starting at 6 months of age. Any licensed, recommended, age-appropriate vaccine available can be administered, without preference of one product or formulation over another. Antiviral treatment of influenza with any licensed, recommended, age-appropriate influenza antiviral medication continues to be recommended for children with suspected or confirmed influenza, particularly those who are hospitalized, have severe or progressive disease, or have underlying conditions that increase their risk of complications of influenza.

Cold Weather Viruses.

1. Asif Noor, MD* 2. Theresa Fiorito, MD* 3. Leonard R. Krilov, MD*,† 1. *Department of Pediatrics, Children's Medical Center, NYU Winthrop Hospital, Mineola, NY 2. †Department of Pediatrics, State University of New York, Stony Brook School of Medicine, Stony Brook, NY * Abbreviations: AAP: : American Academy of Pediatrics Adv: : adenovirus CDC: : Centers for Disease Control and Prevention FDA: : Food and Drug Administration hMPV: : human metapneumovirus PCR: : polymerase chain reaction PIV: : parainfluenza virus RSV: : respiratory syncytial virus RV: : rhinovirus Clinicians must learn to identify viral infections in children during the winter months and must practice caution with the use of unnecessary medications in such cases. Recognition of the clinical pattern of viral infection (eg, bronchiolitis) in conjunction with judicious use of viral tests (either office-based immunoassays or newer molecular tests) may assist in epidemiological monitoring, cohorting patients in the hospital, withholding unnecessary therapies, and providing a definitive diagnosis. After completing this article, readers should be able to: 1. Review the epidemiological aspects and clinical signs and symptoms of common cold weather viruses. 2. Recognize situations in which viral testing is indicated. 3. Recognize situations in which treatment is indicated. In early November you are evaluating a 9-month-old boy born at 33 weeks of gestation. The infant presents with 2 days of fevers (101°F–102°F [38.3°C–38.8°C]), copious rhinorrhea, and 1 day of coughing with difficulty breathing. He is otherwise feeding well and has had adequate urination. His 4-year-older sister has an upper respiratory tract infection. On physical examination, the infant has a respiratory rate of 45 breaths/min without chest wall retractions. On auscultation there is good air entry with scattered rhonchi bilaterally. What is the most appropriate next step in management? 1. Obtain respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and influenza antigen testing. 2. Obtain a chest radiograph to look for focal infiltrate. 3. Provide supportive care with nasal …

Oseltamivir for the treatment of influenza in children and adolescents

IntroductionInfluenza is a generally a benign disease, but occasionally it can cause serious complications. There is controversy about the benefits of antiviral treatment. ObjectivesTo provide some recommendations on the treatment with oseltamivir in paediatric patients with influenza, based on the best data available and valid in our environment. MethodsThe Respiratory Infections Group of the Spanish Society of Paediatric Infectious Diseases carried out a review of the literature. The findings were analysed using the GRADE methodology, and recommendations were made. ResultsThe systematic use of diagnostic tests for influenza in the outpatient setting, or in the emergency room, in immunocompetent patients with a compatible clinical picture is not recommended. If the aim is to prevent serious events, the use of antivirals is not recommended for the vast majority of healthy and asthmatic patients with influenza or suspected seasonal flu. The systematic use of oseltamivir in patients admitted to hospital with influenza is not recommended. Oseltamivir treatment is recommended in any patients with influenza and pneumonia or severe illness, and critically ill patients, especially during the first 48h of illness. The treatment of patients with risk factors is recommended, considering their underlying disease. Influenza vaccination, together with basic isolation measures, continue to be the main tool in the prevention of influenza. ConclusionIn some situations, there are sufficient data to issue clear recommendations. In other situations, the data are incomplete, and only allows weak recommendations.

Recommendations for Prevention and Control of Influenza in Children, 2018-2019.

The authors of this statement update the recommendations of the American Academy of Pediatrics for the routine use of influenza vaccine and antiviral medications in the prevention and treatment of influenza in children. Highlights for the upcoming 2018-2019 season include the following:1. Annual influenza immunization is recommended for everyone 6 months and older, including children and adolescents.2. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends an inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV), trivalent or quadrivalent, as the primary choice for influenza vaccination in children because the effectiveness of a live attenuated influenza vaccine against influenza A(H1N1) was inferior during past influenza seasons and is unknown for this upcoming season.3. A live attenuated influenza vaccine may be used for children who would not otherwise receive an influenza vaccine (eg, refusal of an IIV) and for whom it is appropriate because of age (2 years of age and older) and health status (ie, healthy and without any underlying chronic medical condition).4. All 2018-2019 seasonal influenza vaccines contain an influenza A(H1N1) vaccine strain similar to that included in the 2017-2018 seasonal vaccines. In contrast, the influenza A(H3N2) and influenza B (Victoria lineage) vaccine strains included in the 2018-2019 trivalent and quadrivalent vaccines differ from those in the 2017-2018 seasonal vaccines.a. Trivalent vaccines contain an influenza A(Michigan/45/2015[H1N1])pdm09-like virus, an influenza A(Singapore/INFIMH-16-0019/2016[H3N2])-like virus (updated), and an influenza B (Colorado/60/2017)-like virus (B/Victoria lineage; updated).b. Quadrivalent vaccines contain an additional B virus (Phuket/3073/2013-like virus; B/Yamagata lineage).5. All children with egg allergy of any severity can receive an influenza vaccine without any additional precautions beyond those recommended for all vaccines.6. Pregnant women may receive an influenza vaccine (IIV only) at any time during pregnancy to protect themselves as well as their infants, who benefit from the transplacental transfer of antibodies. Postpartum women who did not receive vaccination during pregnancy should be encouraged to receive an influenza vaccine before discharge from the hospital. Influenza vaccination during breastfeeding is safe for mothers and their infants.7. The vaccination of health care workers is a crucial step in preventing influenza and reducing health care-associated influenza infections because health care personnel often care for individuals at high risk for influenza-related complications.8. Pediatricians should attempt to promptly identify their patients who are suspected of having an influenza infection for timely initiation of antiviral treatment when indicated and on the basis of shared decision-making between each pediatrician and child caregiver to reduce morbidity and mortality. Although best results are seen when a child is treated within 48 hours of symptom onset, antiviral therapy should still be considered beyond 48 hours of symptom onset in children with severe disease or those at high risk of complications (see Table 2 in the full policy statement).

How Effective Is Oseltamivir for Treatment of Influenza in Children

Oseltamivir, a neuraminidase inhibitor, has been shown to benefit adults with influenza, but its safety and efficacy are not as well demonstrated in

Фармацевтичне забезпечення профілактики та лікування ґрипу у дітей

Фармацевтичне забезпечення профілактики та лікування ґрипу у дітей

Recommendations for Prevention and Control of Influenza in Children, 2017 - 2018.

This statement updates the recommendations for routine use of the seasonal influenza vaccine and antiviral medications for the prevention and treatment of influenza in children. The American Academy of Pediatrics recommends annual seasonal influenza immunization for everyone 6 months and older, including children and adolescents. Highlights for the upcoming 2017-2018 season include the following:1. Annual universal influenza immunization is indicated with either a trivalent or quadrivalent (no preference) inactivated vaccine;2. The 2017-2018 influenza A (H1N1) vaccine strain differs from that contained in the 2016-2017 seasonal vaccines. The 2017-2018 influenza A (H3N2) vaccine strain and influenza B vaccine strains included in the trivalent and quadrivalent vaccines are the same as those contained in the 2016-2017 seasonal vaccines: a. trivalent vaccine contains an A/Michigan/45/2015 (H1N1)pdm09-like virus, an A/Hong Kong/4801/2014 (H3N2)-like virus, and a B/Brisbane/60/2008-like virus (B/Victoria lineage); and b. quadrivalent vaccine contains an additional B virus (B/Phuket/3073/2013-like virus [B/Yamagata lineage]);3. Quadrivalent live attenuated influenza vaccine (LAIV4) is not recommended for use in any setting in the United States during the 2017-2018 influenza season. This interim recommendation, originally made in 2016, followed observational data from the US Influenza Vaccine Effectiveness Network revealing that LAIV4 performed poorly against influenza A (H1N1)pdm09 viruses in recent influenza seasons;4. All children with an egg allergy of any severity can receive an influenza vaccine without any additional precautions beyond those recommended for any vaccine;5. All health care personnel should receive an annual seasonal influenza vaccine, a crucial step in preventing influenza and reducing health care-associated influenza infections, because health care personnel often care for individuals at high risk for influenza-related complications; and6. Pediatricians should attempt to promptly identify children suspected of having influenza infection for timely initiation of antiviral treatment, when indicated, to reduce morbidity and mortality. Best results are seen when treated within 48 hours of symptom onset.