Treatment Of Genitourinary Tumors Research Articles

Circular RNAs and Drug Resistance in Genitourinary Cancers: A Literature Review.

Simple SummaryDrug resistance to systematic treatment in genitourinary tumors severely aggravated the burden on patients and society. Multiple mechanisms were involved in drug resistance. As typical non-coding RNAs, circRNAs play a critical role in the onset and development of cancers and several studies implied their function in the regulation of drug resistance. Here, we reviewed the investigations of circRNAs’ behavior in drug resistance of genitourinary cancers and summarized the underlying mechanisms. This review emphasized the essential role of circRNAs in drug resistance development and also pointed out the potential topics that need further investigations in the future.In recent years, systematic treatment has made great progress in genitourinary tumors. However, some patients develop resistance to the treatments, resulting in an increase in mortality. Circular RNAs (circRNAs) form a class of non-coding RNAs with high stability and significant clinical relevance. Accumulating evidence indicates that circRNAs play a vital role in cancer development and tumor chemotherapy resistance. This review summarizes the molecular and cellular mechanisms of drug resistance mediated by circRNAs to common drugs used in the treatment of genitourinary tumors. Several circRNAs were identified to regulate the responsiveness to systemic treatments in genitourinary tumors, including chemotherapies such as cisplatin and targeted therapies such as enzalutamide. Canonically, cicrRNAs participate in the competing endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network, or in some cases directly interact with proteins, regulate downstream pathways, and even some circRNAs have the potential to produce proteins or polypeptides. Several cellular mechanisms were involved in circRNA-dependent drug resistance, including autophagy, cancer stem cells, epithelial-mesenchymal transition, and exosomes. The potential clinical prospect of circRNAs in regulating tumor drug resistance was also discussed.

Impact of a multidisciplinary tumor board in the treatment of genitourinary tumors: Real-world data from a referral center in Mexico.

e19248 Background: International guidelines for genitourinary cancers recommend treatment decisions by a multidisciplinary tumor board (MTB). The benefits of a MTB include greater accuracy in staging and in the probability of receiving care in compliance with international clinical practice guidelines, greater access to clinical trials, better communication between treating physicians and cost-effective care with greater patient satisfaction, which could translate into better outcomes. Our objective was to assess the impact of a MTB in the management of patients with genitourinary tumors in a tertiary referral university center of México. Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of all cases presented to the Genitourinary Tumor Committee of our hospital from March to August 2019. Results: A total of 84 patients were included in the analysis; of these 80% were men with a median age of 61 years. Of all the cases, 68% were first-time presentations with a median time from evaluation to presentation of 4 days. The most frequently discussed diagnoses were prostate, urothelial and renal cancer, each corresponding to about 28% of the sample. Forty-six percent of the cases presented were in metastatic disease. The median time for discussion of each case after its presentation was 10 minutes. Changes were made in the clinical stage and treatment plan proposed by the most responsible physician in 4% and 46% of the cases, respectively, achieving a unanimous consensus in 88%. After the MTB session, 29 patients were lost to medical follow-up and were not subsequently evaluated. Among the 55 patients who underwent reassessment, the recommendations of the MTB were applied in 92%. Conclusions: Discussion of urologic oncology cases at the MTB led to a change in the treatment plan in almost half of the patients. Although MTBs are an increasingly common practice in Mexico, this is the first study that describes the impact that these sessions have on the management of genitourinary tumors in our population. The high rate of loss to medical follow-up remains an important problem in developing countries, negatively affecting the prognosis of these patients.

Multidisciplinary teams for the proper management of patients with genitourinary tumors: When topics set scientific societies' agenda.

The multidisciplinary management of oncologic patients is identified as the bottom line element of quality in tumor care. In 2015, 7 Italian scientific societies representing the specialists involved in the diagnosis and treatment of genitourinary tumors joined efforts in the Italian uro-oncologic multidisciplinary teams (MDTs) project. The aims were to promote the reorganization of genitourinary cancer care, switching to a multidisciplinary approach, reach a consensus on the core elements for the setup of MDTs in genitourinary oncology, and support health policy makers and managers in remodeling of the assistance and care of uro-oncologic patients on a national level. The first activity was the setup of 5 working groups, given the task of exploring selected topics: general principles, organization of MDTs, minimal requirements, economic evaluation, and relations with authorities. The groups participated in the writing of a document that was approved by the scientific societies and published on their web sites. Moreover, a few items summarizing the extensive document were approved in the first MDT Consensus Conference held in Milan in December 2015. The experience of this initial phase led to the opening of the team to other professionals and societies, in line with a correct management of patients with genitourinary tumors, which need a multidisciplinary as well as a multiprofessional approach with emerging techniques and procedures, and with a new project work package on genitourinary paths of care and indicators.

Inside the 2015 ASCO Genitourinary Cancers Symposium.

The American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) Genitourinary Cancers Symposium, Rosen Shingle Creek, Orlando, FL, USA, 26-28 February 2015 The American Society of Clinical Oncology (ASCO) Genitourinary Cancers Symposium was held in Orlando (FL, USA), from 26 to 28 February 2015. This meeting was focused on 'Integrating Biology into patient-centric care' and represented an attractive opportunity for oncology professionals with a special interest in the diagnosis and treatment of genitourinary tumors. The identification and validation of biomarkers for tumor response had been the focus of several researchers at the symposium, together with the development of novel targeted agents. This report is a summary of the highlights on kidney and prostate tumors presented at the 2015 ASCO Genitourinary Cancers Symposium by various investigators.

Frontiers in pediatric urology - specialty grand challenge.

Pediatric urology is coming of age. Evidence of this is the success of specialty meetings, the increasing number of surgeons from around the world who practice predominantly or exclusively pediatric urology, and the fact that now there is more than one journal devoted exclusively to the field. If we go back to the publication of what to my knowledge is the first textbook of pediatric urology by Meredith Campbell in 1937 (1), at a time when pediatric urology as an organized specialty did not exist (2), and fast forward to today when there is a plethora of books on the subject, regional pediatric urology societies, major associations in each continent with well attended congresses and dedicated journals, we can be proud to be part of this exciting process of maturation of this specialized body of knowledge. Since my beginnings in urology, I have witnessed incredible technical advances in the operations to repair hypospadias, the popularization of intermittent catheterization which, revolutionized the management of neuropathic bladder dysfunction, progress in the surgical repair of major birth defects such as bladder exstrophy and persistent cloaca, application of endourological procedures to children, significant advancements in managing urinary incontinence, both medical and surgical and, in progress in postoperative pain control. Through cooperation with other disciplines, we have also seen significant advances in the treatment of genitourinary tumors and in pediatric renal transplantation. The development and application of minimally invasive surgery to children of all ages with genitourinary disorders represents one of the latest significant advancements (3). Yet we have many other challenges ahead, among them, those discussed in the following sections need to be addressed by present and future generations of academic pediatric urologists.

Frontiers in pediatric cardiology-specialty grand challenge.

Pediatric urology is coming of age. Evidence of this is the success of specialty meetings, the increasing number of surgeons from around the world who practice predominantly or exclusively pediatric urology, and the fact that now there is more than one journal devoted exclusively to the field. If we go back to the publication of what to my knowledge is the first textbook of pediatric urology by Meredith Campbell in 1937 (1), at a time when pediatric urology as an organized specialty did not exist (2), and fast forward to today when there is a plethora of books on the subject, regional pediatric urology societies, major associations in each continent with well attended congresses and dedicated journals, we can be proud to be part of this exciting process of maturation of this specialized body of knowledge. Since my beginnings in urology, I have witnessed incredible technical advances in the operations to repair hypospadias, the popularization of intermittent catheterization which, revolutionized the management of neuropathic bladder dysfunction, progress in the surgical repair of major birth defects such as bladder exstrophy and persistent cloaca, application of endourological procedures to children, significant advancements in managing urinary incontinence, both medical and surgical and, in progress in postoperative pain control. Through cooperation with other disciplines, we have also seen significant advances in the treatment of genitourinary tumors and in pediatric renal transplantation. The development and application of minimally invasive surgery to children of all ages with genitourinary disorders represents one of the latest significant advancements (3). Yet we have many other challenges ahead, among them, those discussed in the following sections need to be addressed by present and future generations of academic pediatric urologists.

Pediatric genitourinary tumors

Advances continue to be made in the evaluation and treatment of genitourinary tumors in children. Continued research on the cellular, molecular, and genetic process in tumorigenesis is rapidly evolving. We review the 2002 literature on pediatric genitourinary tumors. Molecular and cellular biology research continues to identify markers that may predict a worse prognosis. This identification will allow a more tailored approach with intensified treatment of aggressive tumors.

Pediatric genitourinary tumors.

Each year advances are made in the clinical evaluation and treatment of genitourinary tumors in children. Understanding of cellular, molecular, and genetic processes in tumorigenesis is evolving rapidly. In addition, information is accumulating about the long-term outcome and complications associated with treatment modalities. This article reviews the 2001 literature on pediatric Wilms tumor, other renal tumors, rhabdomyosarcoma of the pelvis, paratesticular rhabdomyosarcoma, and testicular tumors. The emphasis in molecular biology is to identify molecular or genetic markers that predict outcome. The National Wilms' Tumor Study Group reported on the complications of surgery and the decreased complication rate when these procedures are performed by pediatric surgical specialists. Long-term complications of treatment are also discussed, including short stature and leukemia. The Intergroup Rhabdomyosarcoma Study Group reported on the results of treatment for nonmetastatic disease and the goals of the upcoming Study V, reduction of chemotherapy and radiotherapy. They also presented data from Study IV and discussed the findings on improved prognosis.

Carcinoma of the kidney, testis, and rare urologic malignancies.

The purpose of this symposium was to provide a forum for discussion on current information on the etiology and diagnosis of, and therapy for, tumors of the kidney, testis, and several uncommon malignancies of the genitourinary tract. The most recent contributions in epidemiology and molecular genetics were discussed with specific reference to their importance for clinical practice. Contemporary treatment approaches with the emphasis on multidisciplinary patient management of tumors commonly seen in the clinic as well as those that are only rarely diagnosed by urooncologists were presented. Major stress was given to the management optimization as it pertains to short- and long-term quality of life issues of patients treated for these tumors. Methods to reduce treatment toxicity including carcinogenic potential of chemotherapy, radiotherapy, or their combination were found to be of nearly equal importance to patient survival. Symposium participants reached consensus on a number of important points: 1) The management of patients with several malignancies discussed requires the presence of a multidisciplinary team of specialist who are interested in diagnosis and treatment of genitourinary tumors; 2) Patients managed in such an environment are expected to have optimal survival and the best possible quality of life; 3) Real advances in the management of patients can be best obtained through well-designed prospective clinical trials; and 4) There is a need for timely introduction of relevant advances in epidemiology and molecular genetics to clinics.

INHIBITION OF CYCLOOXYGENASE-2 SUPPRESSES ANGIOGENESIS AND THE GROWTH OF PROSTATE CANCER IN VIVO

INHIBITION OF CYCLOOXYGENASE-2 SUPPRESSES ANGIOGENESIS AND THE GROWTH OF PROSTATE CANCER IN VIVO

Pediatric genitourinary tumors.

Each year advances are made in the clinical evaluation and treatment of genitourinary tumors in children. Our understanding of cellular, molecular, and genetic processes in tumorigenesis is evolving rapidly. In addition, knowledge concerning long-term outcome and complications associated with current treatments is increasing. In this article, we review recent literature on pediatric rhabdomyosarcoma, Wilms' tumor, and testicular tumors.

Pediatric genitourinary tumors.

Each year advances are made in the clinical evaluation and treatment of genitourinary tumors in children. Our understanding of cellular, molecular, and genetic processes in tumorigenesis is evolving rapidly. In addition, knowledge concerning long-term outcome and complications associated with current treatments is increasing. In this article, we review recent literature on pediatric genitourinary tumors, including Wilms' tumor, rhabdomyosarcoma, and testicular tumors.

Pediatric genitourinary tumors.

Each year significant advances are made in the clinical evaluation and treatment of genitourinary tumors in children as well as in the understanding of the molecular biology of tumorigenesis and genetics. In addition, the long-term outcome and complications of current treatments are now becoming available for review. The purpose of this article is to review recent literature on pediatric genitourinary Wilms' tumor, rhabdomyosarcoma, and testicular carcinoma in situ.

40 Efficacy of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum for the treatment of genitourinary tumors. Experience in 200 patients

40 Efficacy of cis-diamminedichloroplatinum for the treatment of genitourinary tumors. Experience in 200 patients