Treatment Of Gastrointestinal Ulcers Research Articles

Review on Bioactive Metabolites of <i>Asparagus racemosus</i> and its Pharmacological Significance

Naturally, genealogical people for different symptoms are nearly new to therapeutic traditional plant active components, Shatavari, a valuable plant growing worldwide. This review provides an overview of Asparagus racemosus and the components of Asparagus racemosus used in entirely new combination of ingredients, have applications in industry as well as medicine. This plant is growing in popularity because to its nutrient-rich root, leaves, blossoms, and fruits. It also has a long history of medical use and is known to possess qualities that are beneficial to medicine. Asparagus racemosus, usually in therapeutic approach for the cancer of the liver, brain disorder, has the main role in milk secretion in pregnant women and regulate sexual behavior. This plant may be a reliable source of bioactive constituents like steroidal saponins, Shatavarins the most important bioactive parts in an exceedingly. A. Racemosus are finding applications due to various potential functions like immunomodulant, galactagogue, antioxidant, anti - inflammatory, antimutagenic, inhibitor, or antiulcer, boosting the lifestyle for humans. Ayurveda suggested it is for interference and treatment of gastrointestinal ulcers, dyspepsia and galactagogue. There has been no scientific proof detected in Shatavari based mostly Nutra beverage considering the range of secondary metabolites present in it their bioavailability and their health advantages. Therefore, the fermentation of Shatavari in Nutra beverages is a developed area of research for the event of different Nutra beverages, which may cause not only supply a lot of nutrition but prevent and therapeutic common diseases additionally.

Silver nanoparticles synthesized from Quercus brantii ameliorated ethanol-induced gastric ulcers in rats by decreasing oxidative stress and improving antioxidant systems.

Gastric ulcers are caused by an imbalance between aggressive and defensive factors. The green synthesis of silver nanoparticles is becoming a new and promising method in the treatment of gastrointestinal ulcers. This study was conducted to investigate the protective and antioxidant effects of silver nanoparticles synthesized from Quercus brantii extract (NSQBE) on gastric damage induced by alcohol in rats. In this study, silver nanoparticles were produced by the green synthesis method using oak extract. The structure and morphology of nanoparticles were confirmed by various techniques such as UV-Vis spectroscopy, fourier transforms infrared spectrometer (FTIR), scanning electron microscope (SEM), transmission electron microscopy (TEM), X-ray diffraction (XRD), energy-dispersive X-rayanalysis(EDX), and dynamic light scattering )DLS(. For the animal studies, 30 male Wistar rats weighing 200 ± 20g were randomly selected and divided into five groups (the normal, ethanolic, NSQBE treatment (received doses of 20 and 5mg/kg), and standard (received a dose of 50mg/kg of ranitidine) groups. After the rats were euthanized, their stomach was removed. A part of the stomach tissue of rats was used for histopathological studies, and the other part was used to study biochemical parameters such as the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS), protein carbonyl oxidation (PCO), malondialdehyde (MDA), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and reduced glutathione (GSH) as well as nitric oxide (NO). Our results showed that in the ethanol group, the levels of ROS, MDA, PCO, and serum NO were higher than in the normal group. In addition, reduced GSH, CAT, SOD, tissue NO, gastric mucus, and antioxidant potential were decreased. In rats pretreated with NSQBE and ranitidine, the levels of ROS, MDA, PCO, and serum NO decreased, and the levels of GSH, CAT, SOD, tissue NO, gastric mucus, and antioxidant potential were increased in comparison to the ethanol group. The results of this study showed that silver nanoparticles synthesized using Quercus brantii are a promising approach for the treatment of gastric ulcers.

Cortex Uncariae: A Review on Pharmacology, Toxicology, Precautions, and Dosage

Cortex Uncariae is the stem of Uncaria tomentosa plant, which belongs to the family Rubiaceae. Cat's thorn and unha de gato are the famous names of Cortex Uncariae. Uncaria tomentosa plant is widely geographically distributed in Central and South American countries. The aim of this review was to focus on pharmacology, toxicology, precautions, and dosage of Cortex Uncariae. The indole alkaloids such as speciophylline, mitraphylline, pteropodine, uncarine F, and isomitraphylline, as well as tetracyclic alkaloids oxindoles such as isorhynchophylline and rhynchophylline are the major Cortex Uncariae chemical constituents. There are many medical applications of Cortex Uncariae, such as immunostimulant agents, increases the white blood cells and immunity, treatment of gastrointestinal ulcers, rheumatism, arthritis, viral infection, urinary tract infections, fever, asthma, abscesses, high blood pressure, high blood glucose, and high total cholesterol. Pharmacology of Cortex Uncariae includes experimental pharmacology and clinical pharmacology. Experimental pharmacology contains anti-inflammatory, antidepressant, neuroprotection, antitumor, immune-stimulating, and anti-obesity activities, while clinical pharmacology contains immune-stimulating activity. No acute or chronic toxicity was recorded after Cortex Uncariae water extract administration. Cortex Uncariae extract did not accompany loss of food intake, body or organ weight decrease, and no histopathological changes were recorded in the main body organs such as kidney, liver, spleen, and heart after Cortex Uncariae intake. Cortex Uncariae must store in a closely black container to avoid heat and light. In conclusion, Cortex Uncariae had anti-inflammatory, antidepressant and neuroprotection, antitumor, immune-stimulating, anti-inflammatory, and anti-obesity activities without acute or chronic toxicity.

In vitro and in vivo evaluation of nanofibre mats containing Calendula officinalis extract as a wound dressing.

The present study aims to create Calendula officinalis-loaded nanofibre-based wound dressing materials to enhance the wound healing process. Calendula officinalis is an annual herb native to the Mediterranean region. It is antipyretic, antifungal, antioedema, antidiabetic, anti-inflammatory (wound, oral and pharyngeal mucosa), antispasmodic, treats chronic ocular surface diseases, acts as a stimulant and a diaphoretic. It is also used in the prevention of acute dermatitis, and in the treatment of gastrointestinal ulcers, wounds and burns. Electrospinning is an effective method for creating nano- and microfibres for biomedical applications. Calendula officinalis (CA) of various concentrations 5%, 10% and 15%)-loaded polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/sodium alginate (SAlg) nanofibre mats were successfully produced via blend electrospinning. Nanofibre mats were evaluated using: scanning electron microscopy (SEM); Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) analysis; gel content; water vapour transmission rate (WVTR); swelling ratio; in vitro drug release studies; viability evaluation (cell culture and MTT assay); and an in vivo study using male Wistar rats. Rats were divided into three groups (n=3). In each group, rats were inflicted with five full-thickness wounds on the back and were treated with sterile gauze (control), PVA/SAlg nanofibre dressing (CA-free control), PVA/SAlg/CA5%, PVA/SAlg/CA10%, and PVA/SAlg/CA15% nanofibre dressing. Results showed that the obtained fibres were smooth with no surface aggregates, indicating complete incorporation of Calendula officinalis. The release of Calendula officinalis from loaded PVA/SAlg fibre mats in the first four hours was burst released and then was constant. PVA/SAlg and PVA/SAlg/CA nanofibres were not toxic to L929 mouse fibroblasts and supported cell attachment and proliferation. The results of the in vivo study showed that the PVA/SAlg/CA10% nanofibre dressing had a higher full-thickness wound healing closure rate compared with the control group on days seven, 14 and 21 after treatment. The results of this evaluation showed that PVA/SAlg/CA nanofibrous mats could be a candidate as an effective wound dressing; however, the percentage of CA in this compound needs further investigation.

Misoprostol for postpartum haemorrhage

In 2003-2005, around 9 in every 100,000 women who gave birth in the UK died through subsequent postpartum haemorrhage.1 In Africa and Asia, this complication is the commonest cause of...

T1962 Histamine H2 Receptor Antagonists, But Not Proton Pump Inhibitors, Aggravate NSAID-Induced Small Intestinal Ulcers in Arthritic Rats

BACKGROUND: Recent advances in endoscopy have revealed that NSAIDs often cause ulcers in the small intestine in humans. Histamine H2 receptor antagonists (H2-RAs) as well as proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are often used for the treatment of upper gastrointestinal (GI) mucosal lesions induced by NSAIDs. However, the effects of H2-RAs and PPIs on NSAID-induced small intestinal ulcers are unclear. Recently, we found that cimetidine (CIM) aggravated intestinal lesions induced by indomethacin (IND) in cats. In the present study, the effects of H2-RAs (CIM, ranitidine [RAN], and famotidine [FAM]) on IND-induced intestinal lesions were examined in normal and arthritic rats, and the results were compared with those for PPIs (omeprazole [OPZ] and lansoprazole [LPZ]). METHODS: Male Wistar rats (180-220g) were used (7-10 rats per group). Arthritis was induced by injecting Freund's complete adjuvant (killed M. tuberculosis) into the plantar region of the right hindpaw. IND (10 mg/kg) was administered p.o. after a 16h-fast (for gastric ulcers) or without fasting (for intestinal ulcers) in normal and arthritic rats (14 days after adjuvant injection). The animals were autopsied 24 h after IND administration and the lesions in the stomach and the small intestine were examined. RESULTS: 1. Gastric lesions in normal rats: IND produced many linear lesions in the corpus mucosa, and the lesion index (LI, total length, mm) in the vehicle-treated group was 25.6±5.3 mm (n=7). The LIs were significantly (P<0.05) decreased by pretreatment with oral doses (mg/kg) of CIM (100), RAN (30), FAM (10), OPZ (30), and LPZ (30). 2. Small intestinal lesions in normal rats: IND produced many lesions in the middle and lower parts of the small intestine, and the LI in the vehicle-treated group was 57.0±10.0 mm (n=10). CIM, RAN and FAM increased the LI by 94% (P<0.01), 82% (P<0.01), and 68% (P<0.05), respectively. OPZ decreased the LI by 6% and LPZ significantly (P<0.01) decreased it by 61%. 3. Small intestinal lesions in arthritis rats: Arthritis aggravated lesion formation, and the LI in the group given vehicle was 136.4±18.6 mm (n= 9, P<0.05 vs. normal rats). CIM, RAN and FAM increased the LI by 59% (P<0.05), 53% and 35%, respectively. OPZ decreased the LI by 4% and LAN decreased it significantly (P<0.01) by 57%. CONCLUSIONS: Both H2-RAs and PPIs markedly inhibited the formation of gastric lesions induced by IND; however their effects on intestinal lesion formation differed: i.e., intestinal lesions were increased by H2-RAs but decreased by LPZ. These results suggest that H2-RAs, but not PPIs, are inappropriate for the treatment of GI ulcers induced byNSAIDs.

T1963 High-Risk Patients for GI Bleeding On Dual Antiplatelet Therapy in Spain Are More Like to Receive PPI Therapy Than Their American Peers

BACKGROUND: Recent advances in endoscopy have revealed that NSAIDs often cause ulcers in the small intestine in humans. Histamine H2 receptor antagonists (H2-RAs) as well as proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) are often used for the treatment of upper gastrointestinal (GI) mucosal lesions induced by NSAIDs. However, the effects of H2-RAs and PPIs on NSAID-induced small intestinal ulcers are unclear. Recently, we found that cimetidine (CIM) aggravated intestinal lesions induced by indomethacin (IND) in cats. In the present study, the effects of H2-RAs (CIM, ranitidine [RAN], and famotidine [FAM]) on IND-induced intestinal lesions were examined in normal and arthritic rats, and the results were compared with those for PPIs (omeprazole [OPZ] and lansoprazole [LPZ]). METHODS: Male Wistar rats (180-220g) were used (7-10 rats per group). Arthritis was induced by injecting Freund's complete adjuvant (killed M. tuberculosis) into the plantar region of the right hindpaw. IND (10 mg/kg) was administered p.o. after a 16h-fast (for gastric ulcers) or without fasting (for intestinal ulcers) in normal and arthritic rats (14 days after adjuvant injection). The animals were autopsied 24 h after IND administration and the lesions in the stomach and the small intestine were examined. RESULTS: 1. Gastric lesions in normal rats: IND produced many linear lesions in the corpus mucosa, and the lesion index (LI, total length, mm) in the vehicle-treated group was 25.6±5.3 mm (n=7). The LIs were significantly (P<0.05) decreased by pretreatment with oral doses (mg/kg) of CIM (100), RAN (30), FAM (10), OPZ (30), and LPZ (30). 2. Small intestinal lesions in normal rats: IND produced many lesions in the middle and lower parts of the small intestine, and the LI in the vehicle-treated group was 57.0±10.0 mm (n=10). CIM, RAN and FAM increased the LI by 94% (P<0.01), 82% (P<0.01), and 68% (P<0.05), respectively. OPZ decreased the LI by 6% and LPZ significantly (P<0.01) decreased it by 61%. 3. Small intestinal lesions in arthritis rats: Arthritis aggravated lesion formation, and the LI in the group given vehicle was 136.4±18.6 mm (n= 9, P<0.05 vs. normal rats). CIM, RAN and FAM increased the LI by 59% (P<0.05), 53% and 35%, respectively. OPZ decreased the LI by 4% and LAN decreased it significantly (P<0.01) by 57%. CONCLUSIONS: Both H2-RAs and PPIs markedly inhibited the formation of gastric lesions induced by IND; however their effects on intestinal lesion formation differed: i.e., intestinal lesions were increased by H2-RAs but decreased by LPZ. These results suggest that H2-RAs, but not PPIs, are inappropriate for the treatment of GI ulcers induced byNSAIDs.

Important Therapeutic Uses of Sea Buckthorn (Hippophae): A Review

Sea buckthorn is a deciduous species, widely distributed all over world, including Pakistan. It contains different kinds of nutrients and bioactive substances such as vitamins, carotenoids, flavonoids, polyunsaturated fatty acids, free amino acids and elemental components etc. These components vary substantially among populations, origins or subspecies, however their presence is more important for health of individual. The clinical trials and scientific studies during 20th century confirm medicinal and nutritional value of sea buckthorn. The present study describe some areas of research that have been important points, for example in cancer therapy, cardiovascular diseases, treatment of gastrointestinal ulcers, skin disorder and as a li ver protective agent. A lot of research work is still need to clarify mechanism of curing these conditions in molecular and cellular levels. ancient Greeks used it in a diet for racehorses; hence it a clear concept over medicinal importance of gets botanical name Hippophae which means shiny Hippophae for future research. horse. The clinical trials and scientific studies conducted during 20th century in several countries confirm Chemistry and phytochemistry: The wide chemical and medicinal and nutritional value of sea buckthorn. The phytochemical composition of sea buckthorn has recently references to medicinal use of sea buckthorn were found reviewed by Zeb and Beverage and was found to in ancient Greek texts attributed to Theophrastus and varies with origin, climate and method of extraction . Dioskorid and in classic Tibetan medicinal texts, including Indian Summer juice gave an average pH of 3.13 and an the RGyud Bzi (The Four Books of Pharmacopoeia ) average titratable acidity of 1.97% calculated as mali c dated to times of Tang Dynasty (618-907 AD). Herbal acid . In general H. rhamnoides contains vitamin C , remedies made of sea buckthorn are most frequently mineral elements , monosaccharid es sugars , used for treatment of diseases of skin and digestive organic acids , free amino acids , large amount of system . Traditional use of sea buckthorn oil to promote carotenoids and vitamin E , volatile compounds (2) recuperation of skin injuries and support healing (Table 1) and different flavonoids (Table 2), quercetin, of skin diseases, well agrees with data of moder n myricetin and kaempferol , fatty acids , triacylglrcerol, clinical studies. Sea buckthorn oil is widely used to glycerophospholipids , phytosterols , zeaxanthi n promote recovery of various skin conditions, esters , alpha-tocopherol and phenolic compounds . including eczema, burns, bad healing wounds, skin The oil content of whole fresh berries, including damaging effects of sun, therapeutic radiation treatment seeds, varied from 2 to 11% and of seeds from 4 to and cosmetic laser surgery. The preparations from 17%. On an average, only 10-20% of oil is in seeds, berries are also utilized to prevent gum bleeding, to help proportion of which never exceeded that of pulp recuperate mucous membranes of stomach and other oil . A variety of other important nutrients are also organs . The health problems (cancer, digestive ulcers, present in sea buckhorn products, which are beneficial (3,4) skin diseases, cardiovascular symptoms etc) are growing for human health. Further research is needed to explore countries and their therapy by synthetic medicine is very

Misoprostol for the Treatment of Peptic Ulcer and Antiinflammatory-Drug–Induced Gastroduodenal Ulceration

MISOPROSTOL was the first analogue of prostaglandin E1 to be commercially available. It was developed after prostaglandins of the E series had been found to inhibit the secretion of acid and prevent gastric injury caused by various substances, with the hope that it would be useful for the prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal ulceration. The aim of this article is to review the use of the drug in clinical practice, with critical appraisal of its role in the prevention and management of upper gastrointestinal ulcers associated with the use of nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). In the United Kingdom, misoprostol . . .

The pharmacology of antiulcer drugs.

The use of medications for the treatment of gastrointestinal ulcers has evolved to a great extent since the early days of therapy with diet and antacids. Today a number of different agents are available to treat the causative factors of ulcer formation. Currently, antacids, histamine2-receptor antagonists, and sucralfate are considered frontline therapies suitable for most patients. The future also looks promising for newer agents, such as omeprazole and prostaglandin analogs. The purpose of this article is to provide practitioners with an understanding of the achieved more efficiently and effectively.

Supradiaphragmatic vagotomy in the treatment of gastrointestinal ulceration; report of 100 consecutive cases.

Supradiaphragmatic vagotomy in the treatment of gastrointestinal ulceration; report of 100 consecutive cases.

Gastrointestinal ulceration following burns

1. 1. A case of gastrointestinal ulceration following burns is reported. 2. 2. No history of any gastrointestinal disturbance prior to the occurrence of the accident could be obtained. Emesis of bright red blood occurred on the fourth and sixth days after the burn. The patient was treated for ulcer thereafter by diet and neutralizing powders. 3. 3. During convalescence, fluoroscopic examination by means of a barium meal yielded evidence of a duodenal deformity, but the films did not confirm this impression. These studies were repeated recently, three years after initial hematemesis, and evidence of both duodenal and gastric ulceration was demonstrated fluoroscopically. The films taken immediately thereafter recorded only the duodenal findings. 4. 4. The discussion includes some points of historical interest, a consideration of the incidence and some aspects of the etiology, diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal ulceration following burns.