Treatment Of Experimental Syphilis Research Articles

Efficacy of aztreonam in treatment of experimental syphilis in rabbits.

The efficacy of aztreonam (SQ 26,776) in the therapy of active syphilis infection was evaluated in the rabbit model. Aztreonam was effective in treating active syphilis at a dose of 25 mg/kg given intramuscularly twice daily for 10 days; doses of 2.5 and 0.25 mg/kg were not effective.

Evaluation of rosaramicin phosphate in treatment of experimental syphilis in rabbits.

The in vivo activity of rosaramicin phosphate in disseminated and localized Treponema pallidum infections in rabbits was compared with that of penicillin G benzathine. Rabbits were injected either intradermally or intravenously to establish infection. Groups of four animals each then received either two weekly injections of 200,000 U of penicillin G benzathine, injections of 12.5 or 25 mg of rosaramicin per kg of body weight twice a day for 10 days, or no antibiotic therapy. Treatment of the intradermal and intravenous infections was initiated on days 7 and 14 postinfection, respectively. With both infection models, striking differences were noted between the untreated control rabbits and the three groups receiving treatment; no discernible differences, however, were detected among any of the treated groups. Rabbits that had been infected intravenously did not develop disseminated lesions or orchitis after treatment, and chancres produced by intradermal infection regressed and healed rapidly after the initiation of therapy. Continued increases in treponemal and nontreponemal antibody titers posttreatment did not occur in any of the treated rabbits. Infectivity studies also suggested that the lymph nodes and testes of treated animals were free from infectious organisms. Overall, at the dosage regimens employed, both rosaramicin and penicillin G benzathine appeared to effect complete control of the experimental disease.

The Appearance and Persistence of VDRL, RPCF, and TPI Antibody during the Course and Treatment of Experimental Syphilis in the Rabbit

A knowledge of the appearance and persistence of VDRL, RPCF, and TPI antibody during the course and treatment of syphilitic infection has become increasingly important with the development and general acceptance of the “triple test plan” for the serologic diagnosis of syphilis (1). The plan is designed primarily to aid the physician in differentiating biologic false positive (BFP) reactors from latent syphilitics. The VDRL test is used as a preh'minary#screening procedure for patients with no history or clinical manifestations of syphilitic infection. A non-reactive result is accepted as evidence for the absence of syphilis while reactive or weakly reactive sera are subjected to the RPCF test. A corroborative reactive or weakly reactive RPCF result is considered evidence for past or present infection with Treponema pallidum, while a non-reactive result necessitates the performance of a TPI test. If the TPI test is reactive, past or present infection is indicated; a non-reactive result signifies a BFP reaction.

Syphilis; a review of the recent literature.

Bismuth Preparations. —Eagle106has studied the toxicity and therapeutic efficacy in experimental syphilis in rabbits of three representative bismuth compunds—sodium and potassium bismuthotartrate ("bismosol"), serving as a prototype of the water-soluble bismuth compounds, a-carboxyethyl-b-methyl-bismuthononoate ("biliposol"), representative of fat-soluble compounds, and bismuth subsalicylate in oil, the preparation which has been most widely used in the treatment of syphilis. All these three preparations were given intramuscularly, a single injection being given approximately six weeks after intratesticular inoculation. The results indicate that all three types of bismuth preparations studied are, mol for mol, from one half to two thirds as active therapeutically as is oxophenarsine hydrochloride similarly administered in a single injection in the treatment of experimental syphilis in rabbits. By virtue of their lower toxicity, two of the compounds, bismuth subsalicylate in oil and biliposol, provided margins of safety between the effective and toxic levels from six

Syphilis; a review of the recent literature.

Bismuth Preparations. —Eagle106has studied the toxicity and therapeutic efficacy in experimental syphilis in rabbits of three representative bismuth compunds—sodium and potassium bismuthotartrate (bismosol), serving as a prototype of the water-soluble bismuth compounds, a-carboxyethyl-b-methyl-bismuthononoate (biliposol), representative of fat-soluble compounds, and bismuth subsalicylate in oil, the preparation which has been most widely used in the treatment of syphilis. All these three preparations were given intramuscularly, a single injection being given approximately six weeks after intratesticular inoculation. The results indicate that all three types of bismuth preparations studied are, mol for mol, from one half to two thirds as active therapeutically as is oxophenarsine hydrochloride similarly administered in a single injection in the treatment of experimental syphilis in rabbits. By virtue of their lower toxicity, two of the compounds, bismuth subsalicylate in oil and biliposol, provided margins of safety between the effective and toxic levels from six

Failure of Tyrothricin in the Treatment of Experimental Syphilis of Rabbits

SummaryThe maximum single tolerated dose of tyrothricin for adult rabbits by intravenous injection was about 0.0006 g per kg. Fifteen intravenous injections of 0.0001 g per kg, at daily intervals (totalling 0.0015 g per kg) were completely ineffective in the treatment of acute testicular syphilis of rabbits.

Treatment of Experimental Syphilis in Rabbits with Streptomycin

Summary1. Two syphilitic rabbits were treated with streptomycin for 72 hours and 96 hours respectively, with 42.5 mg per kg and 45.5 mg per kg per day respectively. 2. Darkfield examinations were positive at the end of 24 and 48 hours of treatment and transfers of testicular material from both rabbits caused syphilitic lesions in other rabbits in 40 days. 3. Darkfield examination was negative after 72 hours of treatment in the rabbit which had received 42.5 mg of streptomycin per kg per day. Transfer of one of this rabbit's testicles to 2 rabbits failed to cause syphilitic changes. 4. The rabbit which was treated for 96 hours with 45.5 mg of streptomycin per kg per day showed non-motile spirochetes which were capable of causing syphilis in 2 rabbits. However, the lesions did not develop until 120 days after inoculation. 5. Popliteal transfers of the streptomycin-treated rabbits, performed 6 months after therapy, failed to cause syphilitic lesions in 141 days. The control's popliteal nodes caused changes i...

EXPERIMENTAL SYPHILIS IN RABBITS

In the first article 1 we drew the following conclusions: The Kahn test is negative in 95 per cent of nonsyphilitic rabbits and the Wassermann in 100 per cent. The Kahn and Wassermann reactions are parallel with the intensity of the syphilitic involvement. Kahn and Wassermann reactions are negative in latent experimental syphilis in rabbits. Treatment that modifies the course of experimental syphilis also modifies the Kahn and Wassermann reactions. The Kahn reaction is more sensitive than the Wassermann, as evidenced by its tendency to become positive earlier and remain positive longer. The Kahn test is somewhat more desirable than the Wassermann for use in the study and the treatment of experimental syphilis in rabbits. METHOD The technic and interpretation of the quantitative Kahn test were exactly the same as those employed in the previous work, 1 and the same person performed the tests. Virtually the same technic was used

TRYPARSAMIDE IN SYPHILIS OF THE NERVOUS SYSTEM

A brief account of the use of tryparsamide in the neurologic service at the Barnes Hospital may be of use in helping to appreciate at their proper value the reports of other clinicians. Chemically, tryparsamide is derived from atoxyl, which was one of the combinations in the arsenical series finally leading up to arsphenamin. It is a pentavalent arsenical. It was found to be effective in the treatment of experimental syphilis and trypanosomiasis, but it was discarded as far as human syphilis was concerned on account of the directly detrimental effect on the optic nerve. There is therefore little to be learned from the early use of atoxyl, except reports dealing with high percentages of visual complications. The same was true of the next pentavalent arsenical—arsacetin. Working with these two drugs, Jacobs and Heidelberger, in 1905, made a substance, N-phenylglycinamide-p-arsonic acid, which was biologically studied by Wade Brown and