Treatment Of Distillery Spent Wash Research Articles

Microalgae on distillery wastewater treatment for improved biodiesel production and cellulose nanofiber synthesis: A sustainable biorefinery approach

Sugarcane spent wash generates waste at a large scale that impacts the environment, hence the classic waste reuse technology needs to be implemented. An integrated approach of spent wash and microalgae cultivation to produce biodiesel has gained momentum in recent times. However, the microalgae technology lacks the functional utilization of de-oiled microalgae biomass (DOB). This study proposed the development of a microalgae-based advanced process for distillery spent wash treatment, biomass recovery for biodiesel and utilizing algal residue as a step towards waste management. A novel microalga Coelastrella sp KJ-04 grown in distillery spent wash represented with high biomass (4.61g/L) and lipid production (3.6 g/L). The significant reduction in Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD, 49.3%), Total Nitrogen (TN, 49.7%), Total Phosphorous (TP, 21.8%), Total Organic Carbon (TOC, 40.2%), Total Sulphur (S, 37.2%) and Potassium (K, 42.5%) were achieved in spent wash. The extracted lipids of Coelastrella sp KJ-04 were converted to Fatty acid methyl ester (FAME) and examined by Gas chromatography -mass spectrometry (GC-MS) to observe the suitability for biodiesel prospect. The de-oiled biomass (DOB) was utilized for the synthesis of Cellulose nanofibers (CNF), purified and estimated with a diameter ranging between 20 and 27 nm. The crystalline structure and functional group of CNF were analyzed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and Fourier Transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). The unprecedented work demonstrated the microalgae biorefinery approach for spent wash remediation, biodiesel synthesis and simultaneous production of biodegradable CNF from algal residue to support waste-free technology. In future, CNF can be reinforced into material for concrete as it could be the smart alternative to replace synthetic cement plastics.

Evaluation of Filamentous Fungi and Yeasts for the Biodegradation of Sugarcane Distillery Wastewater.

Sugarcane Distillery Spent Wash (DSW) is among the most pollutant industrial effluents, generally characterized by high Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD), high mineral matters and acidic pH, causing strong environmental impacts. Bioremediation is considered to be a good and cheap alternative to DSW treatment. In this study, 37 strains of yeasts and filamentous fungi were performed to assess their potential to significantly reduce four parameters characterizing the organic load of vinasses (COD, pH, minerals and OD475nm). In all cases, a pH increase (until a final pH higher than 8.5, being an increase superior to 3.5 units, as compared to initial pH) and a COD and minerals removal could be observed, respectively (until 76.53% using Aspergillus terreus var. africanus and 77.57% using Aspergillus niger). Depending on the microorganism, the OD475nm could decrease (generally when filamentous fungi were used) or increase (generally when yeasts were used). Among the strains tested, the species from Aspergillus and Trametes genus offered the best results in the depollution of DSW. Concomitant with the pollutant load removal, fungal biomass, with yields exceeding 20 g·L−1, was produced.

Roadmap to distillery spent wash treatment and use of soft computing techniques

Distillery industries in several regions all over the world pose a serious risk, as it generates unpleasant compounds. Under such circumstances, it seeks an effective spent wash treatment, to eliminate the contaminants. Accordingly, this paper provides a relevant review regarding the distillery spent wash treatments, associated with the proper treatments and coagulants. At first, it reviews 67 recent research papers, from which 24 papers belong to distillery spent wash treatment and remaining belongs to other treatments. Further, it extends the valuable chronological review on distillery spent wash treatment. In addition, it describes the several processes such as anaerobic treatment, aerobic treatment, nanofiltration, reverse osmosis, adsorption and electrochemical treatments, adopted to treat distillery spent wash as reported in the literature. In the same way, it analyses the usage of different types of coagulants such as natural, electro and chemical coagulants used in distillery spent wash treatment. To the next of the coagulant analysis, it checks out the performance review of entire contributions on distillery spent wash treatment. The conventional process for distillery spent wash treatment having limitations such as limited removal efficiency, high operating cost and maintenance also it needs a high detention time that eventually increases the on the whole treatment process time. The aforesaid limitation can be overcome by adopting soft computing techniques. Soft computing has been widely studied and applied in the past three decades for engineering and scientific research computing. In environmental engineering, engineers and researchers have effectively used various techniques of soft computing like fuzzy logic, artificial neural networks, adaptive neuro-fuzzy inference systems, and support vector machines which can be useful for the researchers to achieve further research on distillery spent wash treatment.

An innovative mixotrophic approach of distillery spent wash with sewage wastewater for biodegradation and bioelectricity generation using microbial fuel cell

In the present study, H-type microbial fuel cell (H-MFC) has been used to treat distillery spent wash (DSW) diluted with sewage wastewater (SWW) at different mixing ratio. Mixture of DSW and SWW was used as substrate in anaerobic environment. The cathodic compartment was filled with BBM media and microalgae (Scenedesmus abundans). CO2 generated during breakdown of organic substrates by anaerobes present in DSW was utilized by microalga Scenedesmus abundans for photosynthesis. A consortium of two bacteria (Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Bacillus cereus) was used for the 21 days period of DSW treatment. Significant reduction in chemical oxygen demand (COD) in the order of 66% to 78.66% was observed. At 50:50 ratio of DSW and SWW, total dissolved solid (TDS) of 39.66% and total suspended solid (TSS) of 97% were removed. A maximum power density (PD) of 836.81 mW/m2 and open circuit voltage (OCV) of 745.13 mV were obtained along with biomass yield of 0.74 g/L d−1 with above ratio of DSW and SWW. This study demonstrated that proper dilution of Distillery spent wash with sewage wastewater may leads to an efficient wastewater remediation and energy production.

Treatment of Distillery Spent Wash for Irrigation Purpose by Using Sand as Adsorbent

Sand treatment of distillery effluent has great potential as a sustainable method as it is a low cost method. The aim of this investigation is to study the sand treatment method for purification of distillery spent wash. For this, the study encompassing evaluation of reduction of various physical chemical parameters (pH, COD, TS, TDS, Ca, Mg, Na and K) of distillery spent wash was checked by passing through the sand column. The distillery effluent was acidic (pH 4.7) and dark brown in color which often cause psychological fear in farmers for utilization. Sand treatment of spent wash exhibited good reduction in COD, TS, TDS, Mg,Na, Ca, after 72 hour treatment and increase in pH toward pH 7. Treated spent wash showed a good growth of wheat seeds.

A composite approach for remediation of cane distillery spent wash using chitosan modified biomass, electrolysis, and Oscillatoria boryana

ABSTRACTA cost effective multistep bio‐physicochemical method comprising adsorption on carbon, banana pseudo‐stem (BPS), and modified chitosan hydrogels (MHPS) as adsorbents, bioremediation using Oscillatoria boryana (OB) and constant current electrolysis was employed successfully to remove oxygen demanding organic wastes, color, total dissolved solids (TDS), melanoidin, and acidic/basic impurities from distillery spent wash (DSW). The adsorbent were characterized for their structures [Shimadzu FTIR (Fourier transform–Infrared spectroscopy)−8400S], thermal stability [TGA (Thermogravimetric analyzer)‐Q 500 V20.0 Build 36] and surface morphology [ZEISS EVO series SEM (Scanning Electron Microscopy)‐EVO 50]. The percentage color reduction by visible spectrometry and residual coloring matter on platinum–cobalt color unit scale were found to be 97.2% and 250 ppm, respectively till OB bioremediation stage. The remaining residual color (2.8%) was removed in the subsequent electrolysis (1.95%) and adsorption on MHPS (0.85%) stages. The net percent reduction in color (>99%), COD (Chemical Oxygen Demand) and BOD (Biochemical Oxygen Demand) in the present composite approach for DSW treatment were found to be much higher than the reported values. Analysis of the adsorption data for the synthesized activated carbon through Langmuir and Freundlich isotherm models revealed Langmuir adsorption isotherm with pseudo‐ first‐order kinetics. The evaluated thermodynamic parameters (Van't Hoff plot) for adsorption revealed that the adsorption was spontaneous and exothermic. © 2016 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. J. Appl. Polym. Sci. 2017, 134, 44546.

Treatment of Distillery Spent Wash by Using Chemical Coagulation (CC) and Electro - coagulation [EC

There is an urgent need to find best suitable economic technology to knock out the problems due to distillery industries creating pollution and ecological imbalance. In the present study electro-coagulation treatment is carried out by using different combination of aluminum and iron electrodes in a batch reactor. Also chemical coagulation treatment is carried out by using alum and lime dose to treat distillery spent wash. Maximum 96.09% colour removal was obtained by using Al-Al electrodes for pH 8 and maximum COD removal was obtained 85.7 % by using Al-Al electrodes for pH 3. Further experiments are carried out by using alum and lime coagulant dose to treat distillery spent wash maximum 66. 27 % COD was removed by using alum. Alum is more effective than lime to remove chemical oxygen demand.

Single-stage fermentation process for high-value biohythane production with the treatment of distillery spent-wash

The current communication reports the development of a single-stage biosystem for biohythane production from wastewater treatment. A semi-pilot scale bioreactor with 34L capacity was used for this study. Maximum biohythane production of 147.5±2.4L was observed after five cycles of operation with production rate of 4.7±0.1L/h. The biohythane composition (H2/(H2+CH4)) varied from 0.60 to 0.23 during stabilized fifth cycle of operation. During each cycle of operation, higher H2 fraction was noticed within 12h of cycle period followed by CH4 production for rest of operation (36h). During biohythane production, COD removal efficiency of 60±5% (SDR, 29.0±1.9kg CODr/m3-day) was also achieved. The synergistic function of volatile fatty acids (VFA) production and consumption during process in hybrid biosystem played vital role on the composition of biohythane. The single-stage biosystem facilitates production of high valued and cost efficient biofuel (biohythane) with fewer controls than individual acidogenic and methanogenic processes.

Environmental Informatics and Soft Computing Paradigm: Processing of Cocos Nucifera Shell Derived Activated Carbon for Treatment of Distillery Spent Wash—A Solution to Environmental Issue

Soft computing techniques are very much needed to design the environmental related systems these days. Soft computing (SC) is a set of computational methods that attempt to determine satisfactory approximate solutions to find a model for real-world problems. Techniques such as artificial neural networks, fuzzy logic, and genetic algorithms can be used in solving complex environmental problems. Self-organizing feature map (SOFM) model is proposed in monitoring and collecting of the data that are real time and static datasets acquired through pollution monitoring sensors and stations in the distilleries. In the environmental monitoring systems the ultimate requirement is to establish controls for the sensor based data acquisition systems and needs interactive and dynamic reporting services. SOFM techniques are used for data analysis and processing. The processed data is used for control system which even feeds to the treatment systems. Cocos nucifera activated carbon commonly known as coconut shell activated carbon (CSC) was utilized for the treatment of distillery spent wash. Batch and column studies were done to investigate the kinetics and effect of operating parameter on the rate of adsorption. Since the quantum of spent water generated from the sugar industry allied distillery units is huge, this low cost adsorbent is found to be an attractive economic option. Equilibrium adsorption date was generated to plot Langmuir and Tempkin adsorption isotherm. The investigation reveals that though with lower adsorption capacities CSC seems to be technically feasible solution for treating sugar distillery spent. Efforts are made in this paper to build informatics for derived activated carbon for solving the problem of treatment of distillery spent wash. Capsule. Coconut shell derived activated carbon was synthesized, characterized, and successfully employed as a low cost adsorbent for treatment of distillery spent wash.

Membrane autopsy based bio-fouling investigation of distillery spent wash RO treatment plant

In this paper, a thorough investigation has been done to evaluate the effects of different pollutants on membrane performance by autopsy. Autopsy was performed on fresh and fouled reverse osmosis (RO) membrane elements from a distillery spent wash treatment plant by different analyses, such as field emission scanning electron microscopy, atomic force microscopy, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction, to identify the cause of poor performance of an RO plant. Results obtained from the analysis of membranes indicate that a mixture of colloids and organic matters (polysaccharides and amines) along with the presence of multivalent ions (Ca, Mg, Fe and SO4) causes membrane fouling, which in turn affects membrane performance. Possible measures to improve treated effluent quality and mitigate fouling have been suggested for this particular case study.

Treatment of Distillery Spentwash by Electrocoagulation

Effluent from distilleries, known as spent wash, leads to extensive soil and water pollution. Removal of pollutants and color from distillery effluent is becoming increasingly important from environmental and aesthetic point of view. Effluent from distilleries contains certain recalcitrant compounds. In the present work effort were made to reduce chemical oxygen demand (COD) from distillery effluent by electrocoagulation. The maximum COD removal efficiency of 98% was obtained at solution pH of 7.2 with a current density 17.9 mA/cm 2 for electrolysis duration of 3 h. Further

Electrochemical Treatment of Distillery Spent Wash Using Aluminum and Iron Electrodes

Electrochemical treatment of distillery spent wash was carried out using different combinations of aluminum and iron electrodes in batch mode of operation. The spent wash was characterized for various parameters as per standard method of analysis and the treatment results were analyzed in terms of chemical oxygen demand (COD) removal efficiency of the spent wash. The experiments were performed to study the effect of operating parameters such as current density, pH of the spent wash, agitation speed, electrolysis time and the distance between the electrodes on the COD removal efficiency of the spent wash. It was observed that aluminum electrodes were more suitable for treatment of distillery spent wash as compared to iron electrodes. The maximum COD removal efficiency of 81.3% was obtained with Al-Al electrodes at the current density of 0.187 A·cm−2 and pH 3 for an electrolysis time of 2 h.

Decolourization of Polyaluminium Chloride and Fungal Sequencing Batch Aerobic Reactor Treated Molasses Spentwash by Ozone

Molasses spentwash from distilleries is characterized by high COD and color. The treatment of distillery spentwash by coagulation with polyaluminium chloride(PAC) followed by biological treatment with fungal sequencing batch aerobic reactor(FSBAR) resulted in 87% decolorization. To achieve further decolorization, ozonation of treated distillery spentwash was carried out at different ozone doses and contact times. It was found that pH had a negligible effect on de- colourization. The optimum ozone dose was found to be 4.75 g/L at application rate of 3.8 g/h for 30 min with correspond- ing decolorization being 66%. The overall decolorization obtained by the combined treatment(PAC treatment, FSBAR and Ozonation) was 96% and the total COD removal was 81%.

Performance evaluation of full-scale upflow anaerobic sludge blanket reactor treating distillery spentwash

Performance of full-scale upflow anaerobic sludge blanket (UASB) reactors treating distillery spentwash was evaluated. The plant was designed to handle 650 m3 day−1 of distillery spentwash having an average chemical oxygen demand (COD) concentration of 112,400 mg l−1 with a HRT of 6 days. In the plant, the pH level of the influent varied from 3.50 to 4.40 but the pH of the treated effluent stabilized to a range of 7.36 to 7.68 during the study period. The operation of the reactors during study period revealed the stable conditions of the reactors, which is evident from the low COD, biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and total solids (TS) contents in treated effluent. In the plant, the COD, BOD5 and TS removal efficiencies were stabilized to the range of 62.19–66.59, 72.42–77.11, and 58.47–60.46%, respectively at an organic loading rate of 2.15–4.60 kg COD m−3 day−1. The biogas production was stabilized to the range of 48,290–135,115 m3 week−1 with 60% methane content. The total quantity of biogas produced ranged from 0.40 to 0.57, 1.04 to 1.71 and 0.40 to 0.56 m3 kg−1 removals of COD, BOD and TS, respectively. This study concluded that the treatment of distillery spentwash using UASB reactors contributed significantly for pollution load reduction besides generating renewable in-house bio-energy.