Treatment Of Cutaneous Infections Research Articles

The Antimicrobial and Wound Healing Potential of Opuntia ficus indica L. inermis Extracted Oil from Tunisia.

Introduction Opuntia ficus indica L. inermis (OFI) is used in traditional medicine pharmacopeia for its richness in natural bioactive compounds. It has been proven to be effective in the improvement of the healing of laser-induced skin burns. The aim of the present study was to investigate the wound healing effect of OFI extracted oil on full-thickness skin wound. Materials and Methods The OFI seeds were firstly isolated from mature prickly pears, washed, dried, and then cold-pressed. The antimicrobial activities of OFI seed oil were estimated in vitro against bacteria, yeast, and fungi. Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimal Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) were calculated. Skin wound healing was investigated using an excisional wound healing model in rats. The skin wounds of three experimental groups of rats were topically treated once/day with saline solution (control group), 0.15 mg/mm2 of a reference drug Esth'Elle Pharma Cicaplaie cream (reference group), and 0.6 μl/mm2 of OFI seed oil (OFI oil group). The healing process was monitored daily and the percentage of wound contraction was calculated. A histological study was carried on skin biopsies. Results The extracted oil has shown an interesting antimicrobial effect on Enterobacter cloacae, antiyeast effect against Candida parapsilosis and Candida sake, and antifungal activity against three opportunistic cutaneous molds (Penicillium, Aspergillus, and Fusarium). Moreover, OFI oil has shown a good wound healing effect. It prevents cutaneous infections and reduces the reepithelialization phase. Conclusion OFI extracted oil has in vitro antimicrobial/fungal properties and in vivo wound healing activity. It seems to be efficient in the treatment of cutaneous infections and the promoting of the scarring process.

Lipid-Based Nanocarriers for Cutaneous Leishmaniais and Buruli Ulcer Management.

Infectious diseases in the skin represent a major group of pathologies that contribute annually for significant health economic expenses. According to WHO, Buruli Ulcer (BU) and Cutaneous Leishmaniasis (CL) are two neglected tropical diseases for which therapy remains inadequate. Topical delivery of therapeutics constitutes an advantageous alternative to treat infected skin lesions as it allows a direct treatment of affected areas avoiding unwanted systemic effects and reducing the drug dosage. However, effective topical delivery of antimicrobial agents is still a challenge. The emergence of difficult-to-treat skin mycobacteriosis such as BU or the increasing incidence of CL highlights the need for new antimicrobial agents and new delivery systems. In the present review problems related to mycobacterial and parasitic infected skin lesions will be particularly focused as well as new alternative strategies for their treatment. Currently, progresses and challenges in constructing nanocarrier platforms for delivering various antimicrobial drugs for infected skin lesions have been attempted. This article reviews the potential of these nanocarriers in the treatment of cutaneous infections, especially regarding mycobacteria and Leishmania caused skin lesions. Nanostructured biomaterials, such as lipid-based nanocarriers, have unique physicochemical properties enabling the topical application of antimicrobial drugs, thereby overcoming some of the limitations of conventional therapies. These nanosystems have been investigated for the topical delivery of well-known drugs or new therapeutic candidates. This approach is just the beginning of a stimulating nanotechnological area.

Ethnobotanical study of plants used in the treatment of cutaneous infections in urban areas of the region of Grand Casablanca – Morocco

This work aimed to inventory the medicinal plants used in traditional medicine to treat skin infections by the urban population of the Grand Casablanca region. For obtaining the data, frequent fieldtrips were made to the investigatedareas between March and Mayfrom 2012 to 2015. The study was conductedwith a questionnaire method using a survey sheet submitted at individual interview to a randomly chosen populationsample of 2000 persons. Socio-demographic characteristics of the interviewees, used medicinal plants, plant parts used, methods of herbal preparation and administration were then documented. Obtained data showed that among studied populations women and men accounted respectively for 82.70% and 17.30% and a diversity of medicinal plants, traditional and ethnopharmacological knowledge about the uses, preparations and applications maintained among the urban population of the Grand Casablanca region.The results identified 54 species belonging to 34 different botanical families with an important representation of the Lamiaceae family (8 species, 15% of the total inventory).The foliage is the most part of used plants (32.69%) and (22%) of remedies are used raw or mixed with henna (20%) to be applied locally (97%).

Radiotherapy for oral cancer decreases the cutaneous expression of host defence peptides.

Bacterial resistance against antibiotics has become an increasing challenge in the treatment of cutaneous infections. Consequences can be severe, especially in infected wounds following previous local radiotherapy. Certain endogenous peptide antibiotics, the host defence peptides (HDPs), exhibit broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity and promote wound healing. Their use as supplements to conventional antibiotics is a current topic of discussion; however, knowledge of their quantities in healthy and compromised tissue is a prerequisite for such discussion. To date, no data concerning HDP quantities in irradiated skin are available. Expression profiles of the genes encoding HDPs, namely human beta-defensin-1 (DEFB1, hBD-1), beta-defensin-2 (DEFB4A, hBD-2), beta-defensin-3 (DEFB103, hBD-3) and S100A7, were assessed in samples of non-irradiated and irradiated neck. A reduction in the expression of all of the examined genes was observed in irradiated skin when compared with non-irradiated skin (statistically significant in the case of S100A7, P=0.013). Immunohistochemistry revealed differences in HDP distribution with respect to the epithelial layers. The study demonstrates a significant reduction in HDP gene expression in neck skin as a result of radiotherapy. These findings might represent a starting point for novel treatments of cutaneous infections in irradiated patients, such as topical supplementation of synthetic HDP.

Activité antibactérienne des extraits des feuilles de Morinda morindoides (Morinda, Rubiaceae) sur Staphylococcus aureus et Pseudomonas aeruginosa

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial activity of four extracts from the leaves of Morinda morindoides against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, two germs responsible for human cutaneous infections. The agar disc diffusion and the agar broth dilution methods were used for the determination of inhibition diameters and the minimum inhibitory and bactericidal concentrations (MICs and MBCs), respectively. With a MIC of 31.25 mg/ml and concentrations for 50% inhibition (IC50) ranging from 2.13 to 3.38 mg/ml, ethyl acetate extract showed the highest activity against bacterial tested. These results confirmed the traditional use of this plant in the treatment of cutaneous infections in many countries of West Africa.

Nanocarriers for Effective Topical Delivery of Anti-Infectives

Skin infection is a major cause of hospital admissions as well as causes significant morbidity. Normal human skin is fortunately endowed with its own arsenal of defence strategies to preclude the ingress of pathogenic microbes. However, certain conditions compromise the barrier integrity of skin and permit pathogens to invade the skin. Skin infections may be caused by bacteria, viruses, fungi, and parasites. Topical delivery is advantageous to treat skin infections as opposed to systemic delivery owing to the direct delivery of drug to site of action, thereby reducing the doses and unwanted effects at other non-target sites. The poor penetration of anti-infective agents into skin layers makes topical therapy of skin infections formidable. Nanocarriers such as liposomes, microemulsions, and lipidic nanoparticles, have the potential to deliver drugs to the skin more efficiently than conventional topical carriers such as creams, ointments, etc. These systems have been explored by various researchers for topical delivery of antifungals, antivirals, and antibacterials. The increasing emergence of antibiotic resistant bacterial strains such as Methicillin resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) and Vancomycin resistant Enterococcus faecalis (VREF) undermine the need for new antimicrobials and new delivery systems to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of existing anti-infectives. Silver nanoparticles (SNP) have as a result made a comeback into the arsenal of antimicrobials. Also, nitric oxide (NO) releasing nanoparticles have been recently explored for their antimicrobial activity. The article showcases the immense potential of an array of nanocarriers in the treatment of cutaneous infections. Keywords: Topical delivery, anti-infective, microemulsions, liposomes, solid lipid nanoparticles, silver nanoparticles, nitric oxide

Treatment of cutaneous infections caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis

Tuberculosis is still a very common global problem and it is responsible for more than 4,500 deaths every day. The risk of tubercular infection has been estimated to vary from 1% to 2% in developing countries. In the last years, an increased incidence of tuberculosis has been observed, which in countries with a high socio-economic status may be related to the HIV infection prevalence and population migration. The most frequent form of Mycobacteri um tuberculosis infection is tuberculosis of the respiratory system which in Poland accounts for 91.6% of cases. Extra-pulmonary tuberculosis, which includes cutaneous tuberculosis, is rarely observed and its incidence is about 8.4%. With regard to the immunoreactivity or the PPD test and the presence of bacilli, three forms of cutaneous tuberculosis can be distinguished: anergic, reactive and hyperergic. The World Health Organization recommends isoniazid, rifampicin, ethambutol, pyrazinamide and streptomycin as the first-line anti-tuberculosis drugs. This paper is a review of the available present knowledge concerning selected medications, their mechanisms of action and potential adverse effects. Moreover, therapeutic schemes for new tuberculosis patients are also presented.

Treatment of cutaneous infections

Treatment of cutaneous infections

P1621 Early effective treatment of cutaneous infection with Mycobacterium chelonae complex after rapid molecular identification

P1621 Early effective treatment of cutaneous infection with Mycobacterium chelonae complex after rapid molecular identification

Treatment of Cutaneous Infection by Alternaria alternata With Voriconazole in a Liver Transplant Patient

Alternaria alternata is a dematiaceous mold capable of causing systemic and dermatological infections in immunosuppressed patients. We present a case of a liver transplant patient with cutaneous alternariosis and no response to amphotericin B lipid or surgical debridement of the lesions. Treatment with intravenous voriconazole was initiated, followed by the oral protocol, with complete resolution of the lesions. Voriconazole is an efficient alternative for the treatment of cutaneous lesions produced by A alternata.

The Clinical Efficacy of Levofloxacin(CRAVIT®) in the Treatment of Cutaneous Infection

The Clinical Efficacy of Levofloxacin(CRAVIT®) in the Treatment of Cutaneous Infection

Antibiotics and Oral Contraceptives

To the Editor.— Dermatologists often prescribe oral tetracycline for the control of acne, primarily, and to a much lesser extent, for the treatment of cutaneous infections. A number of the patients taking tetracycline are also taking birth control pills. A recent article in the British Medical Journal (1980;1:293) indicates that this combination can lead to a failure of the oral contraceptive. Such failure has been associated with ampicillin as well. It is believed that the mechanism for this was the disturbance in normal gut flora, with consequent effects on bacterial hydrolysis of steroid conjugates. This would interrupt the enterohepatic circulation of contraceptive steroids, resulting in a less than normal concentration of circulating steroids. It was recommended that women taking low-dose oral contraceptives take extra precautions against pregnancy during any cycle in which antibiotics are given. In regard to our care of and responsibilities to our patients, and in an era

TYROTHRICIN IN CUTANEOUS INFECTIONS

Since the time of Pasteur, scientists have been interested in the subject of intermicrobial antagonism. A large number of articles on the subject have been written. Waksman and Woodruff 1 divided the group of antagonists so far described into four distinct groups: (1) Pseudomonas aeruginosa (Bacterium pyocyaneum), Pseudomonas fluorescens and related organisms; (2) spore-forming bacteria; (3) actinomycetes (actinomycetin), and (4) fungi (penicillin). Dubos, 2 reviewing the subject, dealt with three examples of this type of antagonism—namely, pyocyanase, penicillin and tyrothricin, which he selected because their mode of action is fairly well understood. The object of this paper is to review some of the work done with one of the group, tyrothricin, and to present experiences with the material in the treatment of cutaneous infections up to the present time. HISTORICAL In 1939 Dubos 3 first reported results of his study with a bactericidal substance found in

FORMULA FOR SULFATHIAZOLE OINTMENT

To the Editor:— In the article Sulfathiazole Ointment in the Treatment of Cutaneous Infections, which appeared inThe Journal, October 25, we suggested as an ointment base for the sulfathiazole equal parts of hydrous wool fat and vanishing cream. We recently have been preparing the ointment as follows: sulfathiazole 5 per cent, aquaphor (cholesterinated petrolatum) 25 per cent and cold cream 70 per cent. We believe that the ointment base prepared with aquaphor and cold cream is more satisfactory than the ointment base prepared with hydrous wool fat and vanishing cream.

The Treatment of Cutaneous Infections is Infants

The Treatment of Cutaneous Infections is Infants