Treatment Of Congenital Hydrocephalus Research Articles

Diagnosis and treatment of congenital hydrocephalus in a red fox (Vulpes vulpes) with seizures

AbstractA 2‐year‐old male red fox (Vulpes vulpes) was presented for generalised tonic‐clonic seizures, blindness, compulsive circling and behavioural changes that occurred since the animal was 2 months old. Neurological examination indicated a diffuse forebrain lesion. On magnetic resonance imaging of the brain, a severe dilation of both lateral ventricles was identified. Congenital hydrocephalus was suspected and the fox was treated with methylprednisolone, omeprazole and phenobarbital. Sixteen months later, the neurological signs had improved: the frequency of seizures had decreased to one seizure every 3 months and compulsive circling was less pronounced.

Genomic approaches to improve the clinical diagnosis and management of patients with congenital hydrocephalus.

Congenital hydrocephalus (CH), characterized by incomplete clearance of CSF and subsequent enlargement of brain ventricles, is the most common congenital brain disorder. The lack of curative strategies for CH reflects a poor understanding of the underlying pathogenesis. Herein, the authors present an overview of recent findings in the pathogenesis of CH from human genetic studies and discuss the implications of these findings for treatment of CH. Findings from these omics data have the potential to reclassify CH according to a molecular nomenclature that may increase precision for genetic counseling, outcome prognostication, and treatment stratification. Beyond the immediate patient benefits, genomic data may also inform future clinical trials and catalyze the development of nonsurgical, molecularly targeted therapies. Therefore, the authors advocate for further application of genomic sequencing in clinical practice by the neurosurgical community as a diagnostic adjunct in the evaluation and management of patients diagnosed with CH.

Шунтирование врожденной гидроцефалии у детей

The paper analyzes the results of ventriculoperitoneal shunting operations in the treatment of congenital hydrocephalus in 55 patients aged 3 months up to 3 years. There were 37 boys and 18 girls who underwent various types of shunting operations after the failure of conservative treatment. Retrospectively, by the nature of the performed surgical interventions, the patients were divided into two groups: the first group included 25 children with congenital forms of cerebral dropsy, where ventriculoperitoneal shunting is performed with fixation of the distal shunt by separate sutures into the abdominal cavity; the second group included 30 children of similar ages, who underwent ventriculoperitoneal shunting without fixation by creating a tunnel and two, three holes fixing it. By studying the nature and causes of occlusive syndromes, the authors modified the method of shunting operations, which proved its rationality and effectiveness. In the scientific–grounded causes of occlusion of shunt catheters and methods for their correction. Dynamics with the use of neurosonography and MRI are recommended for detection and early treatment of disturbed shunt conditions. The most dangerous complication hyperdrainage detected during the operation was the formation of hydromas. To prevent the development of this pathology, it is enough to put the patient on the bed with the lowered head end. For the detection and subsequent treatment of conditions associated with dysfunction of the shunt required regular re not, with the spuriousness of this method is the computerized tomography scan or MRI. It is very important to have a conversation with the parents of the child who underwent shunting operations about the properties of the drainage system, the nature of possible complications and tactics of behaviour that allows you to timely provide the necessary assistance to patients.

Clinical Outcomes of Isolated Congenital Aqueductal Stenosis.

Hydrocephalus due to congenital aqueductal stenosis (CAS) has significant long-term clinical implications. Previous reports on outcomes after treatment of congenital hydrocephalus are heterogenous and lack specificity for the subgroup of patients with isolated aqueductal stenosis. An institutional surgical database was queried for the time period of 2005-2013 for patients with the diagnosis of isolated CAS and >2 years of clinical follow-up. Medical history and neurodevelopmental outcomes were recorded. The institutional cohort consisted of 41 patients with isolated CAS who underwent cerebrospinal fluid diversion. At a mean follow-up of 5.9 years, 48.8% carried a diagnosis of epilepsy and 68% were developmentally delayed. Four patients were diagnosed with cerebral palsy (9.8%). In total, 78% of patients were shunt-dependent, and the remainder had patent third ventriculostomies. Only 32% of patients in our cohort were neurologically normal after long-term follow-up despite contemporary management. Regardless of the initial treatment strategy, the age at diagnosis, or the timing of cerebrospinal fluid diversion after birth, patients with aqueductal stenosis have high rates of epilepsy, neurodevelopmental delay, and educational difficulties, and few are neurologically normal despite contemporary management. Investigation into in utero identification and correction of hydrocephalus may result in improved outcomes and warrants further investigation.

A short history of endoscopic neurosurgery

Since 1910, rigid cystoscopy was first applied in the lateral ventricular choroid plexus cauterization for the treatment of congenital hydrocephalus, thus, opening up a new window in the endoscopic neurosurgery, but poor surgical outcome and high mortality made the application of endoscopic neurosurgery in question. Latterly, because of the appearance of new microscope and optical fiber endoscope, neuroendoscopy has been applied adequately in neurosurgery, with the increase of its clinical indications. Along with it, the concept of neuroendoscopy in surgery has changed, as well as the expansion of clinical indications. At present, neuroendoscopy technology has become a significant branch of modern neurosurgery.

William Watson Cheyne (1852–1932): a life in medicine and his innovative surgical treatment of congenital hydrocephalus

William Watson Cheyne lived and trained during a period of great advances in medical knowledge and surgical techniques. Despite his various contributions to the fields of bacteriology and surgery, little is known about his career or his life apart from his affiliations with Joseph Lister. This article aims to identify Cheyne as a pioneer in the treatment of congenital hydrocephalus and sheds light on the man who existed in Lister's shadow for most of his life. Cheyne's technique for surgical intervention of hydrocephalus was a great turning point and contributes to the current treatment strategy utilized today for hydrocephalus.

The Problem of Chronic Overdrainage of the Ventriculo-peritoneal Shunt in Congenital Hydrocephalus

The over drainage syndrome caused by an intracranial under pressure is characterised by symptoms which resemble those of increased ICP. The CT, however, shows a collapsed ventricular system. The ventricular collapse in the peritoneal shunt is explained by a chronic suction mechanism of the pending fluid column of the peritoneal catheter in a patient in an upright position. Life-threatening complications due to an intermittently obstructed ventricular catheter and a markedly reduced compliance of the ventricle may finally result in an emergency craniectomy. To prevent the ventricle from chronic collapse an Anti-Siphon-Device was prophylactically and therapeutically implanted to the original shunt of 20 children. The clinical results correlated with experimental findings and were proved by continuous CSF-pressure monitoring through the shunt during mobilisation of the patient. The use of an additional ASD as early as possible in the treatment of congenital hydrocephalus is proposed.

A Nuclear Intracranial Pressure Sensor

Knowledge of the intracranial pressure would prove medically valuable in the treatment of congenital hydrocephalus and severe head trauma. An indwelling sensor, utilizing a radioactive material as the pressure transmission signal has been developed. The unit is compact, totally implantable, requires no electrical power, and is self-compensating for external temperature and pressure. Development of the sensor has proceeded through in vitro and primate in vivo testing. Clinical trials are expected in early 1974.

Shunting operation in the treatment of congenital hydrocephalus

Shunting operation in the treatment of congenital hydrocephalus

Medical and surgical aspects in the treatment of congenital hydrocephalus.

Medical and surgical aspects in the treatment of congenital hydrocephalus.

SURGICAL TREATMENT OF CONGENITAL HYDROCEPHALUS.REPORT OF A CASE OF MENINGOCELE AND HYDROCEPHALUS.

In order to approach the treatment of congenital hydrocephalus more intelligently, it may be well to review, briefly, some of the views of its pathology. Congenital hydrocephalus is a term applied to that affection occurring in infants characterized by an abnormal accumulation of serous fluid within the ventricles of the brain. This tends to increase and usually gives rise to pressure symptoms on the brain, except in those rare cases occasionally seen in which the disease is arrested and the patient recovers without cerebral symptoms. The synonyms are chronic hydrocephalus, internal hydrocephalus, and hydrops ventriculorum cerebri. The so-called external hydrocephalus is quite different both in symptoms and pathology. It denotes an abnormal accumulation of serous fluid in the subarachnoid space 1 and is very rare. It is usually secondary to cerebral hemorrhage or pachymeningitis, or else it is found with some congenital defect of the brain. Such an effusion is