Treatment Of Canine Otitis Externa Research Articles

Clinical safety and efficacy of a single-dose gentamicin, posaconazole and mometasone furoate otic suspension for treatment of canine otitis externa.

A single-dose, in-clinic, veterinary professional-administered treatment for canine otitis externa was developed to improve compliance and canine welfare. This multicentre, controlled, examiner-masked, randomised field trial was conducted in 316 dogs over 42 days. Dogs were treated once, on day 0, with the investigational product containing gentamicin, posaconazole and mometasone furoate (Mometamax Ultra [MU]) or twice (days 0 and 7) with a control product containing florfenicol, terbinafine and betamethasone acetate (CP). The primary endpoint was a composite otitis index score of 4 or less (of 12) on day 14 and 3 or less (of 12) on day 28. On day 28, treatment success was recorded in 128 of 143 MU-treated dogs (89.5%), significantly non-inferior to 116 of 133 (87.2%) CP-treated dogs (Farrington-Manning test, Z = 4.1351, p<0.0001). For mixed cultures of Staphylococcus pseudintermedius and Malassezia pachydermatis, there was 100% treatment success in MU-treated dogs (n = 33), significantly non-inferior to 90.2% (37 of 41) in CP-treated dogs (Farrington-Manning test, Z = 3.1954, p = 0.0007). Efficacy in chronic otitis externa cases was not investigated. Cytology was not used to aid in diagnosis or for identification of secondary pathogens. This unique combination, single-dose product is safe and effective in dogs with otitis externa. It offers enhanced compliance, canine welfare and quality of life by eliminating the owner burden of treating this painful condition.

Effects of an enzyme agent containing mutanase and dextranase for treatment of biofilms in bacteria- and yeast-infected canine otitis externa

The purpose of this study was to evaluate in detail both the in vivo and in vitro efficacy of the enzyme agents, ZYMOX® Plus Otic (ZYMOX-P), in the treatment of canine otitis externa (OE). Eight dogs with a diagnosis of non-seasonal severe chronic OE were recruited for the study. ZYMOX-P was administered for 2-4 weeks. The Otitis Index Score (OTIS3) and bacteria or yeast colony growth were measured. Also, minimum biofilm (BF) formation inhibition concentration (MBIC) and BF bactericidal concentration (BBC) were measured in vitro. OTIS3 showed a statistically significant reduction after treatment (88.2%, p⟨0.001; pre-treatment = 11.0 ± 0.9; post-treatment = 1.3 ± 0.4, mean ± SEM). The individual OTIS scores, erythema, edema, erosions/ ulcerations, exudate and pruritus showed significant reduction (85.7%, 95.7%, 83.3%, 80.0%, and 89.3%, respectively). Microscopic examination revealed the presence of BF exopolysaccharide in all 8 ear samples when stained with alcian blue. Seven of the 8 dogs (87.5%) showed a reduction in colony growth. ZYMOX-P was effective at 34-fold and 16-fold dilutions on MBIC and BBC, respectively. These findings indicate that ZYMOX-P has efficacy against BF-related infection and is beneficial when used for the management of canine OE.

In vivo and in vitro efficacy of florfenicol, terbinafine, and mometasone furoate topical otic solution for the treatment of canine otitis externa

This study evaluated the efficacy of a new, single-dose otic solution combining florfenicol, terbinafine, and mometasone furoate for the treatment of canine otitis externa (OE) in vitro and in vivo. Forty-one client-owned dogs with OE were included in the study and divided into a treatment group that received the test solution and a negative control group that received a normal saline solution. On day 0, the dogs were treated either with the test or the control solution and evaluated over 30 days. Clinical efficacy was evaluated by clinical signs and cytological organism counts. In vitro antimicrobial susceptibility was evaluated by the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC). After treatment with the test solution, clinical signs continuously decreased and cytological scores were significantly reduced. The results of MIC testing showed that the test solution was potent against the common pathogenic causes of canine OE. In this study, the most common causative pathogens were Staphylococcus pseudintermedius, Pseudomonas spp. and Malassezia pachydermatis. No issues related to safety were identified. Based on these results, this new ototopical drug can be used as first line treatment for canine OE.

Changes in the ear canal microbiota of dogs with otitis externa.

Otitis externa (OE), one of the most common ear diseases in dogs, is caused by bacterial pathogens such as Staphylococcus sp. To understand the network of microbial communities in the canine ear canal affected with OE, we performed a cross-sectional study using next-generation sequencing. Ear swab samples were collected from 23 OE-affected and 10 healthy control dogs, and the 16S rRNA gene sequenced using Illumina MiSeq. The otic microbiota in the OE-affected dogs showed significantly decreased alpha diversity compared to controls. The community composition also differed in the affected group, with significantly higher relative abundance of the phylum Firmicutes and the genus Staphylococcus (P=0·01 and 0·04 respectively). Contrary to our expectations, the severity of the disease did not impact the otic microbiota in OE-affected dogs. The ear canal microbiota of OE-affected dogs is distinct from that of healthy dogs, irrespective of disease status. This study, one of the few detailed analyses of the otic microbiota, can provide practical information for the appropriate treatment of canine OE.

Preliminary evaluation of two commercial ear solutions in the treatment of canine otitis externa.

Preliminary evaluation of the efficacy of two commercial ear solutions composed of (1) chlorhexidine-Tris-ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) or (2) medical grade honey, for the treatment of otitis externa in dogs. Dogs affected with otitis externa housed in an animal shelter were eligible for inclusion. Treatment was applied daily for 10 days and effect was measured by otitis clinical scores and microbiological counts. One of the treatments was applied to affected left ears, while the other was applied to affected right ears. A total of 24 ears from 13 dogs were included in the study. During the treatment period, with both treatments it was observed an improvement in clinical scores and a decrease in microbiological counts. At the end of the study 22 of 24 ears were deemed to have mild (4 ears), or no (18 ears) pain, with only two ears still showing pruritus. The application of ear solutions composed of chlorhexidine-Tris-EDTA or medical grade honey, in the absence of antimicrobial treatment, might be effective for the control of clinical signs and microbial colonisation in dogs with otitis externa. Additional randomised studies on clinical patients are required to validate these findings.

Antimicrobial activity of thyme oil, oregano oil, thymol and carvacrol against sensitive and resistant microbial isolates from dogs with otitis externa.

Multidrug-resistant pathogens present a major global challenge in antimicrobial therapy and frequently complicate otitis externa in dogs. In vitro efficacy of oregano oil, thyme oil and their main phenolic constituents against bacterial and fungal isolates associated with canine otitis externa were investigated. It was hypothesized that the main phenolic components would have greater antimicrobial activity compared to the relative essential oil. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was performed using broth microdilution with spot-plating technique to determine minimum inhibitory and bactericidal/fungicidal concentrations (MICs, MBCs and MFCs). A time-kill kinetics assay was performed to confirm the bactericidal and fungicidal activity of the oils and their phenolic constituents. One hundred bacterial and fungal isolates, including meticillin-susceptible Staphylococcus pseudintermedius (n=10), meticillin-resistant S.pseudintermedius (n=10), β-haemolytic Streptococcus spp. (n=20), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n=20; including 10 isolates resistant to one or two antimicrobials), Proteus mirabilis (n=20) and Malassezia pachydermatis (n=20) from dogs with otitis externa were used. Oregano oil, thyme oil, carvacrol and thymol exhibited antibacterial activity against all bacterial and fungal isolates tested. MIC90 values ranged from 0.015 to 0.03% (146-292μg/mL) for the Gram-positive bacteria and P.mirabilis. For P.aeruginosa and M.pachydermatis, MIC90 values ranged from 0.09 to 0.25% (800-2,292μg/mL). Oregano oil, thyme oil, carvacrol and thymol showed good in vitro bactericidal and fungicidal activity against 100 isolates from dogs with otitis externa, including some highly drug-resistant isolates. These essential oils and their main phenolic constituents have the potential to be further investigated in vivo for the treatment of canine otitis externa.

A randomized, controlled, single-blinded, multicenter evaluation of the efficacy and safety of a once weekly two dose otic gel containing florfenicol, terbinafine and betamethasone administered for the treatment of canine otitis externa

BackgroundOtitis externa is a common problem in small animal practice. Compliance with daily treatment is a major cause of treatment failure. The hypothesis tested is that a novel otic gel applied to the ear canal twice with a one-week interval is as efficacious as a daily otic suspension in the treatment of canine otitis externa. The study included 286 privately owned dogs with otitis externa.In this single blinded randomized study, enrolled dogs received either an otic gel containing 1% florfenicol, 1% terbinafine and 0.1% betamethasone acetate twice with a one-week interval or a suspension containing hydrocortisone aceponate, miconazole and gentamicin daily for 5 days. Ears were cleaned with saline prior to administration of the first dose of medication. Dogs were evaluated at day (D) 0, 7, 28 and 56 with an otitis index score (OTIS-3), otic culture and cytology, pain and pruritus, and overall response to treatment (owner and investigator evaluation). Outcome measures were improvement of the OTIS-3 and number of dogs in clinical remission at each time point.ResultsOTIS-3 decreased significantly (p < 0.0001) by 63 and 64% for the otic gel and by 63 and 61% for the suspension on D28 and D56 respectively. There was no significant difference between groups at any time point with regard to clinical success, pain, pruritus, overall assessments or otic cytology and culture. The treatment response was considered excellent or good by approximately three quarters of both the clinicians and Owners. Otitis recurrence at D56 was seen in 11% of both groups. Adverse events attributable to the ear medications were not noted.ConclusionsAdministering an otic gel twice at a one-week interval is an effective, safe and convenient way to treat canine otitis externa.

Evaluation of a single-administration ototopical treatment for canine otitis externa: a randomised trial

ObjectiveTo evaluate the efficacy and safety of a new, single-administration Otic Solution containing florfenicol, terbinafine and mometasone furoate for the treatment of canine otitis externa (OE).DesignThe clinical efficacy and safety...

Impact of a terbinafine-florfenicol-betamethasone acetate otic gel on the quality of life of dogs with acute otitis externa and their owners.

Treatment of canine otitis externa with owner-administered products can be difficult. To evaluate otic treatment administered by a veterinarian on quality of life (QoL) of dogs with otitis externa and their owners, and on clinical and cytology parameters of otitis; compared to an owner-administered treatment. Fifty client-owned dogs randomly randomized into two groups and treated for 2 weeks. Veterinarians treated Group A dogs with a veterinary licensed otic gel on two occasions at a 1 week interval; owners treated Group B dogs once daily with a veterinary licensed otic drop based product along with twice weekly cleaning. Veterinarians evaluated otitis with the OTI-3 scale and semi-quantitative cytological examination on days 0, 7, 14 and 28. At each visit, owners assessed QoL with a validated questionnaire and pruritus with a Visual Analog Scale. Scores before and after treatment of each group, and differences between groups were analysed statistically. In both groups, all parameters improved significantly. There was a significantly higher improvement of QoL scores, for dogs and owners, in Group A, compared to Group B at all time points (P < 0.05), except for owner QoL on Day 28. There was no difference in improvement of OTI-3 between groups at any time point, whereas Group A cytology scores and pruritus improved significantly more by Day 7 (P = 0.0026 and P = 0.0294, respectively). A veterinarian-administered otic gel provided equivalent efficacy and higher QoL to dogs with otitis externa and their owners, compared to an owner-administered topical otic therapy.

Evaluation of In Vitro Synergistic Interaction of Miconazole and Polymyxin B Against Clinical Strains of Malassezia pachydermatis

Malassezia pachydermatis is a yeast that is frequently involved as a secondary/perpetuating factor in canine otitis externa, along with numerous species of bacteria. As a result, otitis is generally treated with topical therapies using combinations of antifungal, antimicrobial and anti-inflammatory agents. The evaluation of the combined effect of drugs included in commercially available products is therefore important. In vitro synergy of polymyxin B and miconazole has been demonstrated against one strain type of M. pachydermatis. This study was aimed at investigating the in vitro interactions of these two agents against five clinical strains of this yeast. A chequerboard broth microdilution method was employed. We observed a synergistic action against all strains tested (fractional inhibitory concentration index comprised between 0.2 and 0.4). Our results indicate a strong therapeutic value for the association of these antimicrobial agents in the treatment of canine otitis externa caused by M. pachydermatis.

Efficacy of Argentine propolis formulation for topical treatment of canine otitis externa

The therapeutic effects of Argentine propolis ear drop formulation on canine otitis externa were evaluated. Forty-eight dogs with symptoms of otitis externa were randomly assigned to double-blinded, controlled clinical trial to evaluate the efficacy of topical formulation with propolis versus a topical placebo in the treatment of otitis externa. The propolis preparation and placebo were administrated into both external ear canals, twice daily for 14 days. Throughout the study, clinical examination and microbiological analysis of dogs ear exudates were made. The most frequent microorganisms isolated in culture media were: Malassezia pachydermatis (54.2%), Staphylococcus aureus (43.8%), coagulase-negative Staphylococcus (25.0%), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (20.8%), Candida albicans (18.8%), Proteus mirabilis (16.7%), Streptococcus spp. (16.7%), Enteroccocus faecalis (12.5%), Escherichia coli (12.5%), Staphylococcus intermedius (6.3%), Klebsiella spp. (4.2%), andCandida glabrata (2.1%). Whereas the control group did not recover from the infectious ear disease, the propolis preparation exhibited antimicrobial activity against most of the microorganisms isolated from samples of the treated group. In addition, no propolis-adverse effects were observed. This allowed propolis-treated patients to show a significant improvement of the clinical parameters. Thus, this new Argentine propolis ear drop formulation may be used for topical treatment of otitis externa in dogs.

A comparative study of two antimicrobial/anti‐inflammatory formulations in the treatment of canine otitis externa

The efficacy and tolerability of a marbofloxacin-clotrimazole-dexamethasone otic suspension (MCD) was compared with a standard topical treatment using a phase III clinical trial protocol. In a total of 140 dogs with clinical signs of acute or subacute otitis externa, Staphylococcus, Pseudomonas, Enterobacteriaceae and Malassezia were isolated from samples taken at inclusion to identify the causative pathogen; a further sample was collected in the event of failure or relapse, and from dogs (at day 14) for which Pseudomonas species had been isolated at inclusion. One group received MCD (10 drops per affected ear) once daily and a second received Surolan (containing polymyxin B, miconazole and prednisolone) (5 drops per affected ear), twice daily. Each group received treatment for 7 or 14 days according to the clinical outcome on day 7. Efficacy and tolerability were evaluated on days 7, 14 and, if necessary, 28 for dogs treated for 14 days. The trial demonstrated equivalence of both treatments in terms of efficacy, with a cure rate of 58.3% for MCD and 41.2% for Surolan. Both medications were equally well tolerated by dogs, but MCD was superior in terms of pain relief, decrease in pus quantity and smell, response rate and investigator's assessment on day 14.

Efficacy of a pimaricin suspension for treating otitis externa associated with M pachydermatis

ABSTRACTA clinical trial was conducted to evaluate the efficacy of a 1 per cent pimaricin suspension in the treatment of canine otitis externa associated with Malassezia pachydermatis. Of 40 dogs examined, M pachydermatis was the sole infection in five ears and was commensal with other organisms in 35 ears. Pimaricin in a 1 per cent suspension was administered twice a day for two weeks. Employing continuous therapy, signs accompanying otitis externa were ameliorated steadily, and satisfactory results were achieved in 33 of the dogs. No noticeable side effects were observed with the pimaricin suspension.

The Relationship of Laboratory Diagnosis to Treatment of Canine Otitis Externa*

Abstract— —A report of the findings of microbiological examination and antibiotic tests performed on otitis externa exudates from 15 Portuguese dogs.Résumé— —L'examen microbiologique de 15 exsudats d'otites externes de chiens portugais a permis isoler 11 fois des levures appartemant à l'espèce Pityrosporum canis, 6 fois en culture pure et 4 fois associées avec bactéries. Dans les autres 4 exsudats, on n'a trouvé que des bactéries des genres Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, Corynebacterium and Pseudomonas, la plus importante et la seule isolée en culture pure (2 fois) étant Staphylococcus aureus.Les levures et une grande partie des bactéries isolées étant résistantes aux antibiotiques usuels, les praticiens doivent se contenter d'un traitement antisseptique local avant de connaître les résultats de l'examen microbiologique et de l'antibiogramme.Zusammenfassung— —Ein Bericht über die Befunde der mikrobiologischen Untersuchungen und Antibiotica‐Tests, die an Otitis‐externa‐Exsudaten von 15 portugiesischen Hunden vorgenommen wurden.

The Treatment of Canine Otitis Externa with Nitrofurazone

The Treatment of Canine Otitis Externa with Nitrofurazone

THE SURGICAL TREATMENT OF CANINE OTITIS EXTERNA

Australian Veterinary JournalVolume 38, Issue 7 p. 378-378 THE SURGICAL TREATMENT OF CANINE OTITIS EXTERNA L. R. Grono, L. R. GronoSearch for more papers by this author L. R. Grono, L. R. GronoSearch for more papers by this author First published: July 1962 https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1751-0813.1962.tb04101.xAboutPDF ToolsRequest permissionExport citationAdd to favoritesTrack citation ShareShare Give accessShare full text accessShare full-text accessPlease review our Terms and Conditions of Use and check box below to share full-text version of article.I have read and accept the Wiley Online Library Terms and Conditions of UseShareable LinkUse the link below to share a full-text version of this article with your friends and colleagues. Learn more.Copy URL Share a linkShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InRedditWechat No abstract is available for this article. Volume38, Issue7July 1962Pages 378-378 RelatedInformation