Treatment Of Acute Alcoholism Research Articles

The mitigative effect of lotus root (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn) extract on acute alcoholism through activation of alcohol catabolic enzyme, reduction of oxidative stress, and protection of liver function.

Lotus root (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn) is a common medicinal-food dual-use vegetable. In this study, the effects of lotus root extract on acute alcoholism were investigated. The Walle-Hoch method was used to determine the ADH activity of lotus root extracts in vitro. Lotus root methanol extract were identified by UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS based metabolomics analysis. Then 109 active ingredients with achievable oral doses and drug-like properties were explored using the TCMSP platform. SwissTargetPrediction Database to predict lotus root treatment targets for acute alcoholismSTRING database (https://www.string-db.org/) was used to construct protein-protein interaction network graphs. Gene ontology (GO) functional, Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis of genes common to lotus root and alcoholism by Metascap database. Molecular docking simulations were performed using AutoDock 1.5.6 software. Animal experiments verified the relieving effect of lotus root extract on acute alcoholism after intervention. Results indicated the methanol extract of lotus root showed the highest activation rate of ethanol dehydrogenase in vitro (18.87%). The 433 compounds of lotus root methanol extract were identified by UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS based metabolomics analysis. Bioinformatics analysis indicate that there were 224 intersectioning targets between lotus root extract and acute alcoholism. KEGG enrichment analysised shows that lotus root extract may play a role in treating acute alcoholism by intervening with the neuroactive ligand-receptor interaction pathway. The protein-protein interaction network (PPI) analysis found that HSP90AA1, MAPK1 and STAT3 played a key role in lotus root extract-modulated PPI networks. Molecular docking showed that (7R, 8S)-dihydrodihydrodipine cypressol had the best binding ability with MAPK1. Experiments in mice indicate that lotus root extract improved the activity of liver alcohol dehydrogenase (ADH), acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH), catalase (CAT), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and glutathione peroxidase (GSH-PX), increase glutathione (GSH) and reduce malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, decrease glutamate transaminase (AST), alanine transaminase (ALT) and alkaline phosphatase (AKP) in the serum of mice with acute alcoholism, and accelerate the metabolic rate of alcohol after drinking. This study reveals the mechanism of lotus root to alleviate acute alcoholism, which provides a basis for further research on functional foods using lotus root and offers new possibilities for the treatment of acute alcoholism. The results of the current study showed that the methanolic extract of lotus root had the highest activation rate of ethanol dehydrogenase. Network pharmacology results suggest that lotus root extract may play a role in the treatment of alcoholism by regulating signaling pathways, such as neuroactive ligand-receptor interactions, as well as biological processes, such as regulation of secretion, regulation of ion transport, response to lipopolysaccharides, and response to alcohol. Animal experiments confirmed the therapeutic effect of lotus root on acute alcoholism mechanistically through activation of alcohol catabolic enzyme, reduction of oxidative stress and protection of liver function.

Lamivudine remedies alcoholism by activating acetaldehyde dehydrogenase

Acute ethanol intoxication has become an alarming health problem. In the present study, we discover the beneficial effect of lamivudine on alcoholism in mice. Our results indicate that lamivudine decreases serum alcohol concentration dramatically, and potently activates acetaldehyde dehydrogenase (ALDH) to accelerate the conversion of acetaldehyde to acetic acid, which is finally metabolized by tricarboxylic acid cycle to be CO2 and H2O. Also, lamivudine significantly improves symptoms post drinking, such as prolonging alcohol tolerance time and shortening sobering time, as well as reducing the death rate. This work will provide new strategies for the prevention and treatment of acute alcoholism.

Effect of Xingnaojing injection for the treatment of acute alcoholism: A protocol of systematic review and meta-analysis.

BackgroundThis study will assess the effect of Xingnaojing injection (XNJI) for the treatment of acute alcoholism (AAH).Methods:The bibliographic literature sources will be systematically searched in MEDLINE, EMBASE, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure Database, Wan fang Database, and VIP Science Technology Periodical Database. All above electronic databases will be sought from inception to the April 1, 2020. We will not apply any limitations to language and publication time. In addition, we will also search other literature sources. Two reviewers will carry out study selection, data extraction, and methodological quality evaluation, respectively. Any divergences will be resolved by a third reviewer through discussion. We will use RevMan 5.3 software to analyze data analysis.Results:This study will summarize present evidence to assess the effect of XNJI for the treatment of AAH.Conclusion:This study will investigate whether XNJI is effective and safety for AAH.Systematic review registration:INPLASY202040197.

Analysis of the clinical effects of using naloxone hydrochloride in emergency treatments of acute alcoholism

Objective: This study aimed to analyse the clinical effects of using naloxone hydrochloride in emergency treatments of acute alcoholism. Methods: A total of 146 patients admitted between August 2015 and August 2017 in the hospital where the author works were divided into control (n=73) and test (n=73) groups using the odd–even method. Routine and naloxene hydrochloride treatments were administered to the control and test groups, respectively. The clinical effects on the two groups were then compared. Results: The overall response rate of the test group was significantly higher (P<0.05) than that of the control group. The test group significantly outperformed the control group in terms of onset, symptom remission, and symptom disappearance times. The two groups were also compared in terms of limbmovement recovery time, the time when GCS rating reaches eight points, and the duration of hospitalization. Similarly, the test group again showed a significantly higher (P<0.05) performance than the control group. Furthermore, the test and control groups were compared in terms of negative response rate, wherein no significant difference (P<0.05) was observed. Conclusions: The use of naloxone hydrochloride in the emergency treatment of acute alcoholism was reliable, effective, and safe. The compound can significantly alleviate the patients’ clinical symptoms and shorten the recovery time. Therefore, further clinical application of naloxone hydrochloride should be promoted.

Protective Action of Se-Supplement Against Acute Alcoholism Is Regulated by Selenoprotein P (SelP) in the Liver.

Acute alcoholism is a major cause of cirrhosis and liver failure around the world. Selenium (Se) is an essential micronutrient promoting liver health in humans and animals. Selenoprotein P (SelP) is a glycoprotein secreted within the liver, which interacts with cytokines and the growth factor pathway to provide protection for hepatic cells. The present study was conducted to confirm the effect and mechanism of Se and SelP action in livers affected by acute alcoholism. In this study, a mouse model of acute alcoholism, as well as a hepatocyte model, was successfully established. The Se content of the liver was detected by atomic fluorescence spectrophotometry. The expression of messenger RNA (mRNA) was analyzed by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR). The protein expression of inflammatory factors was detected by ELISA. The other proteins were analyzed by western blotting. The results showed that pathological damage to the liver was gradually weakened by Se-supplementation, which was evaluated by hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) and TUNEL staining. Se-supplementation inhibited expression of pro-inflammatory factors TNF-α and IL-1β and promoted production of anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-10 in the liver with acute alcoholism. Se-supplementation also prevented the apoptosis of hepatocytes by suppressing the cleavage of caspases-9, 3, 6, 7, and poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP). Through correlational analysis, it was determined that the effects of Se-supplement were closely related to SelP expression, inflammatory cytokines, and apoptosis molecule production. The sienna of SelP further confirmed the protective action of Se-supplementation on the liver and that the mechanism of SelP involves the regulation of inflammatory cytokines and apoptosis molecules in acute alcoholism. These findings provide information regarding a new potential target for the treatment of acute alcoholism.

Thiol-Activated HNO Release from a Ruthenium Antiangiogenesis Complex and HIF-1α Inhibition for Cancer Therapy.

Metallonitrosyl complexes are promising as nitric oxide (NO) donors for the treatment of cardiovascular, endothelial, and pathogenic diseases, as well as cancer. Recently, the reduced form of NO– (protonated as HNO, nitroxyl, azanone, isoelectronic with O2) has also emerged as a candidate for therapeutic applications including treatment of acute heart failure and alcoholism. Here, we show that HNO is a product of the reaction of the RuII complex [Ru(bpy)2(SO3)(NO)]+ (1) with glutathione or N-acetyl-L-cysteine, using met-myoglobin and carboxy-PTIO (2-(4-carboxyphenyl)-4,4,5,5-tetramethylimidazoline-1-oxyl-3-oxide) as trapping agents. Characteristic absorption spectroscopic profiles for HNO reactions with met-myoglobin were obtained, as well as EPR evidence from carboxy-PTIO experiments. Importantly, the product HNO counteracted NO-induced as well as hypoxia-induced stabilization of the tumor-suppressor HIF-1α in cancer cells. The functional disruption of neovascularization by HNO produced by this metallonitrosyl complex was demonstrated in an in vitro angiogenesis model. This behavior is consistent with HNO biochemistry and contrasts with NO-mediated stabilization of HIF-1α. Together, these results demonstrate for the first time thiol-dependent production of HNO by a ruthenium complex and subsequent destabilization of HIF-1α. This work suggests that the complex warrants further investigation as a promising antiangiogenesis agent for the treatment of cancer.

Metadoxine in the Treatment of Acute and Chronic Alcoholism: A Review

Alcohol abuse and alcoholism are responsible for a wide variety of medical problems. The pharmaco-therapeutic aspect of alcoholism includes the use of drugs, with different actions and objectives. Among them, metadoxine seems to be of interest. Metadoxine is able to accelerate the elimination of alcohol from the blood and tissues, to help restore the functional structure of the liver and to relieve neuro-psychological disorders associated with alcohol intoxication. Metadoxine also seems to be safe; in more than 15 years of post-marketing surveillance only minor aspecific and reversible events were monitored in patients exposed to the treatment. In this review the preclinical and clinical results obtained using metadoxine in acute and chronic alcohol intoxication are reported.

In vivo evaluation of ambivalent active-site-directed inactivators of liver alcohol dehydrogenase.

In order to decrease the rate of ethanol metabolism for the treatment of acute and chronic alcoholism it would be useful to inhibit liver alcohol dehydrogenase in vivo. Based on a knowledge of the three-dimensional structure of the horse enzyme, we designed active-site-directed inactivators [p-(XCH2CONH)C6H4(CH2)3COHN2] which bind to the enzyme-NAD or enzyme-NADH complex and alkylate methionine residue 306. In vitro, these reagents inactivated mouse, rat, horse and human liver alcohol dehydrogenases faster in the presence than in the absence of NAD or NADH, but with slightly different specificity. Mice and rats pretreated with the reagents eliminated ethanol in blood more slowly than those not treated, and the specific activity of alcohol dehydrogenase in liver homogenates of treated animals was decreased. It appears that the design of active-site-directed reagents is feasible, but these reagents must be improved so that they are more efficacious in vivo.

Haloperidol in the Treatment of Acute Alcoholism

Haloperidol in the Treatment of Acute Alcoholism

TREATMENT OF THE ACUTE ALCOHOLIC WITH INJECTABLE THIORIDAZINE.

Thioridazine by deep intramuscular injection was found to be an effective preparation for the symtomatic treatment of patients with acute alcoholism. Relief of nervous tension and anxiety and lifting of depression brought about improved cooperation, largely because thioridazine did not induce sleep. The only side effect was a 20- 30 mm. Hg fall in systolic blood pressure in 3 patients, relieved by a reduction in the frequency of injections. These findings and the absence of extrapyramidal stimulation or hepatotoxicity warrant further study of injectable thioridazine in the treatment of acute alcoholism.

Studies in alcoholism. Effect of amino acids on the rate of disapperance of alcohol from the blood.

The effects of various foodstuffs on the rate of alcohol disappearance from blood has been investigated in animal and in man. The utilization of glucose to which insulin is added has developed into a therapeutic technique used in the treatment of acute alcoholism. 1 By contrast, lipids have been tested to a much less extent, and the available evidence indicates that their effect on the rate of alcohol utilization is negligible. 2,3,9 Amino acids administered to experimental animals have seldom been given by infusion, 4 mainly orally, 5,6,8,9 and rarely as pure amino acids. 11 In man the oral route is the more popular one, 6,7 except post-operatively, when amino acids are administered intravenously, together with alcohol and glucose to make up the desired number of calories. 12 The oral administration of both alcohol and food has the disadvantage of obscuring the mechanism of action of amino acids on

Allergic reaction to meprobamate; report of a case.

A 29-year-old woman was admitted to the hospital for the treatment of acute alcoholism and multiple bruises and hematomas. The physical examination and laboratory studies gave normal results. After treatment with phenobarbital sodium, meperidine (Demerol), and chloropromazine, the patient was discharged within 24 hours and given only meprobamate (Equanil) to be taken four times a day. Two days later, after taking three or four meprobamate tablets, she developed a severe generalized purpuric eruption, nausea, vomiting, and marked headache. She was readmitted to the hospital. Her temperature was 102 F orally, the blood pressure was 96/60, and the pulse rate was 120 per minute. Physical examination revealed an acutely ill woman who was nauseated and vomiting. No gross blood was noted in the vomitus. There was an erythematous eruption with predilection for the intertriginous areas, viz., the groins, inframammary folds, axillae, and buttocks. Purpuric spots were present

Treatment of Acute Alcoholism with Promazine (Sparine)

Back to table of contents Previous article Next article AbstractsNo AccessTreatment of Acute Alcoholism with Promazine (Sparine)Fred U. Tate, M.D.Fred U. TateNew York, N. Y.Search for more papers by this author, M.D.Published Online:30 Apr 2018https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.psychotherapy.1956.10.4.829AboutSectionsPDF/EPUB ToolsAdd to favoritesDownload CitationsTrack Citations ShareShare onFacebookTwitterLinked InEmail "Treatment of Acute Alcoholism with Promazine (Sparine)." American Journal of Psychotherapy, 10(4), pp. 829–830 Access content To read the fulltext, please use one of the options below to sign in or purchase access. Personal login Institutional Login Sign in via OpenAthens Purchase Save for later Item saved, go to cart PPV Articles - APT - American Journal of Psychotherapy $35.00 Add to cart PPV Articles - APT - American Journal of Psychotherapy Checkout Please login/register if you wish to pair your device and check access availability. Not a subscriber? Subscribe Now / Learn More PsychiatryOnline subscription options offer access to the DSM-5 library, books, journals, CME, and patient resources. This all-in-one virtual library provides psychiatrists and mental health professionals with key resources for diagnosis, treatment, research, and professional development. Need more help? PsychiatryOnline Customer Service may be reached by emailing [email protected] or by calling 800-368-5777 (in the U.S.) or 703-907-7322 (outside the U.S.). FiguresReferencesCited byDetailsCited byNone Volume 10Issue 4 1956, pp. 677–863Pages 829-830 Metrics PDF download History Published online 30 April 2018 Published in print 1 October 1956

The Tonic Effects of Insulin in Acute Alcoholism

IN all toxic states, the prompt removal of the toxic agent must be the prime consideration in therapy, with the counteracting of its toxic effects and the restoration of impaired organs and their functions as secondary although vital factors. In the treatment of acute alcoholism, rapid elimination of alcohol is important, not only from the point of view of the patient's physical well-being but also for the psychologic implications, in getting him as quickly as possible through the difficult period in which he has not enough alcohol to render him emotionally analgesic, yet too much to permit clear intellectual functioning . . .

ACUTE ALCOHOLISM TREATED WITH INSULIN

Insulin therapy has proven superior to other available methods for the treatment of acute alcoholism. It shortens the period of disability and is highly acceptable to patients. In war time, a saving in man-hours and avoidance of replacements are important considerations, especially as the incidence of acute alcoholism is bound to be reflected in life. The method of treatment was described and the results indicated by the reported cases.

Treatment of acute alcoholism with insulin: Report of a case

A review is given of the literature on the effect of insulin and glucose on the rate of disappearance of alcohol from the blood stream. A case of acute alcoholism in a child, which from all indications would have been fatal, was successfully treated with insulin and glucose. A review is given of the literature on the effect of insulin and glucose on the rate of disappearance of alcohol from the blood stream. A case of acute alcoholism in a child, which from all indications would have been fatal, was successfully treated with insulin and glucose.

Treatment of Acute Alcoholism by Large Doses of Digitalis

Treatment of Acute Alcoholism by Large Doses of Digitalis

THE TREATMENT OF ACUTE ALCOHOLISM BY LARGE DOSES OF DIGITALIS.

Suggestions for the use of large doses of digitalis in the treatment of acute alcoholism came from Sweden and England. Fothergill and Jones, of Jersey, England, were the first to introduce its use to the medical profession. Both recommended it very highly. The latter publishes a report of over seventy cases treated by this method alone. He claims that he never saw any alarming symptoms following the use of one-half ounce doses of the tincture. A few clinicians in this country have tried the remedy with varying success; among them Dr. Horatio C. Wood, of Philadelphia, who speaks highly of its effect in a certain class of cases. It is interesting to note that a drug whose use even in moderately large doses is supposed to be fraught with some danger, can be given in one-half ounce doses without producing any of the ordinary symptoms of digitalis poisoning. Various explanations