Treatment Intensities Research Articles

SEASONAL MOSQUITO PRODUCTION IN STORM SEWER CATCH BASINS OF THE NORTH SHORE SUBURBS OF CHICAGO, 2021 TO 2024.

From 2021 to 2024, the number of pupae found in storm sewer catch basins in the North Shore suburbs of Chicago were assessed as part of routine quality control and improvement efforts. Over the course of these 4 yr, pupae were collected at least once during all calendar months, allowing for some insight into monthly mosquito production in catch basins. Thus, the intent of this study was to use those data to describe the number of pupae found in these structures across calendar months. In total, 1,993 unique catch basins were sampled. Pupae were found during the months of April through December, with the highest levels seen during June through November. Results suggest that basins may remain productive a month or more after local abatement districts end their routine Culex adult surveillance with gravid traps in late September and early October each year. These observations can help with the timing and intensity of larvicide treatments in Chicago area catch basins and may serve as a baseline for comparison to future seasonal changes.

The potential protective effect of dapagliflozin on the development of cardiotoxicity in cancer patients after one year of observation

Abstract Introduction Despite the widespread use of anthracyclines (ANT) and anti-HER2 agents as trastuzumab (TZB) in chemotherapy schemes, it is known the potential cardiotoxic effects that can limit the intensity and duration of treatments. The clinical trial "DECLARE-TIMI 58" (Dapagliflozin Effect on Cardiovascular Events-Thrombolysis in Myocardial Infarction 58), demonstrated that dapagliflozin, a Sodium glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitor, reduces the composite end point of cardiovascular death/hospitalization for heart failure in a broad population of patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. Purpose We aimed to study if dapagliflozin could exerts cardioprotective effects in anthracycline, carfilzomib and trastuzumab-induced cardiotoxicity through the analysis of ejection fraction (LVEF), global longitudinal strain (GLS) of both left and right ventricle, E/A ratio, E/e’ ratio, left atrium diameter, BNP/NT-pro-BNP and troponin I. Methods 32 diabetic patients were randomized (16 dapagliflozin;16 placebo). The groups were well-matched for baseline characteristics (age, diabetes duration, HbA1c, renal and heart function as well as chemotherapeutic agents ). Our patients who were diagnosed with cancer at our medical center, receiving potentially cardiotoxic treatment: 52% were treated with only trastuzumab, 34% were treated with only anthracycline and 14% carfilzomib. The primary endpoint was the development of cardiotoxicity after treatment with chemotherapy. Cardiotoxicity was defined as a decrease of LVEF by 5% or more to less than 55% in the presence of symptoms of heart failure or an asymptomatic decrease in LVEF by 10% or more to less than 55%. Results In the first year of observation patients treated with dapagliflozin didn’t show any deterioration of LV GLS (¬19.8±2.8 vs ¬19.3±4.1%, p=0.403) There was no change in LVEF (57.8±4.9% vs 59±6.8%) and GLS of right ventricle (20.3±2.8% vs 20.0±3.6%). Conversely, patients treated with placebo, presented a significant impairment of LV GLS (¬20.8±2.1% vs ¬18.5±2.2%, p=0,001) while a borderline deterioration of EF was noticed after treatment with placebo(60±5.4 vs 56.7±6.7%, p=0,045). Conclusions At the best of our knowledge, our study is the first to investigate the prophylactic use of dapagiflozin in the development of non-ischemic cardiomyopathy in diabetic patients receiving anthracycline or trastuzumab,carflilzomib therapies. Treatment with dapagliflozin prevented deterioration of myocardial function and preserved ejection fraction

ASO Visual Abstract: Evaluating the Efficacy of Different Treatment Intensities in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Patients: A Nationwide Cancer Registry-Based Study.

ASO Visual Abstract: Evaluating the Efficacy of Different Treatment Intensities in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma Patients: A Nationwide Cancer Registry-Based Study.

Impact of ultrasonic and heat treatments on the physicochemical properties and rennet-induced coagulation characteristics of milk from various species

This study investigates the effects of heat and ultrasonic treatments on the physicochemical parameters and rennet-induced coagulation properties of milk from a variety of species, including cow, goat, buffalo, and donkey. Milk samples were subjected to heat treatments at different temperatures (65 °C, 80 °C, 90 °C, 100 °C) and ultrasonic treatment at varying power levels (200 W, 400 W, 600 W, 800 W, 1000 W). The results revealed that changes in turbidity, particle size, zeta potential, secondary structure, and surface hydrophobicity were altered by both ultrasonic and heat treatments, as well as the kind of milk. Ultrasonic treatment of cow milk decreased α-helix content while increasing β-turn content. Under similar ultrasonic treatment, goat milk showed a considerable increase in β-sheet content, whereas β-turn and random coil contents decreased compared to control samples. Notably, the water-holding capacity of gels formed from all four types of milk increased significantly with the intensity of ultrasonic and heat treatments. The hardness of buffalo milk gels increased significantly after ultrasonic and thermal treatments, ranging from 63 °C for 30 min to 90 °C for 15 min, but the hardness of cow and goat milk gels increased in varying degrees compared to their control samples. Furthermore, gels from cow and goat milk had higher storage modulus (G’) and loss modulus (G’’) than those from buffalo and donkey milk, and changes in G’ and G’’ from the examined milk were altered by ultrasonic and heat treatments. These findings offer important insights into refining milk processing procedures to improve dairy product quality and usefulness.

ASO Author Reflections: Evaluating Treatment Intensities in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma-Insights from Real-World Evidence.

ASO Author Reflections: Evaluating Treatment Intensities in Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma-Insights from Real-World Evidence.

Quantified low voltage electrostatic field: The effects of intensity on cherry tomato preservation and mechanism

Low voltage electrostatic field (LVEF), a novel non-thermal processing technology, shows promise for food preservation. However, the absence of clear definition and quantification of the core concept “low voltage” obstructs the effective application of LVEF. This study assessed the efficiency of various LVEF intensities (100, 200, 300 V) on cherry tomato preservation, revealing significant differences in preservation efficiency. Compared to the control, samples treated with different intensities showed varied reductions in weight loss (6.26–25.45 %), firmness changes (5.17–28.91 %), and decay incidence (47.91–70.89 %). Quantitative analysis elucidated that the differential preservation efficiency may arise from a dose-response relationship between electric field strength and hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) content， identifying an optimal H2O2 content range of 21.18–27.01 mmol kg−1 for the effective preservation of cherry tomatoes under LVEF. These findings highlight the importance of precise LVEF intensity control for effective food preservation and offer insights for developing optimal LVEF treatment intensities for diverse produce.

Impact of an 8-Week, Intensive Summer Treatment Program on Improving Coercive Caregiver-Child Interactions Among Children With and Without Callous Unemotional Traits

The coercive process is the primary explanatory mechanism implicated in the maintenance of disruptive behavior disorders (DBDs), and understanding the coercive cycle may be especially important for caregivers with children with elevated callous-unemotional (CU) traits. The purpose of the current pilot study is twofold. First, we assessed whether the Summer Treatment Program (STP), an established intensive behavioral intervention for children with DBDs, reduced coercive caregiver-child interactions using a novel parent-report measure of coercive interactions. We then sought to assess whether the STP improved coercive caregiver-child interactions among children with elevated CU traits (i.e., moderated the effect). Thirty-three caregivers and their children who had been diagnosed with DBDs participated in the STP, which involved the children receiving behavior modification for 9 hours per day and caregivers attending a weekly behavioral parent training group session over the course of 8 weeks. Children (Mage = 8.51 years old, SD = 1.70, range 6–12) were primarily male (78.5%) and Hispanic/Latine (84.8%). A linear multilevel model revealed a statistically significant improvement in caregiver-child coercive interactions from pre- to posttreatment. However, child pretreatment CU traits moderated this effect such that families with children with elevated CU traits did not show improvement in caregiver-child coercive cycles following treatment. Results suggest the benefits of intensive behavioral treatment on the caregiver-child coercive cycle for many families, but the need to modify the intensity or dose of treatments for those with children with DBDs and elevated CU traits.

Phase-dependent grassland temporal stability is mediated by species and functional group asynchrony: A long-term mowing experiment

The temporal stability of grasslands plays a key role in the stable provisioning of multiple ecosystem goods and services for humankind. Despite recent progress, our knowledge on how long-term mowing influences ecosystem stability remains unclear. Using a dataset from an 18-year-long mowing experiment with different treatment intensities (no-mowing, mowing once per year, and mowing twice per year) in grasslands of Inner Mongolia, China, we aimed to determine whether and how long-term mowing influenced grassland temporal stability in a temperate steppe. We found mowing decreased ecosystem stability in the early and intermediate periods (1–12 years of treatment), but increased stability in the later period (13–18 years of treatment), indicating responses of ecosystem stability to long-term mowing were phase dependent. Bivariate correlation and structural equation modeling analyses revealed that the degree of asynchrony both at the species and functional group levels, as well as dominant species stability, played key roles in stabilizing the whole community. In addition, portfolio effects rather than diversity made significant contributions to ecosystem stability. Our results suggest the phase-dependent temporal stability of grassland under long-term mowing is mainly mediated by species and functional group asynchrony. This finding provides a new insight for understanding how dryland grassland responds to long-term anthropogenic perturbations.

Integrating Machine Learning with Robotic Rehabilitation May Support Prediction of Recovery of the Upper Limb Motor Function in Stroke Survivors.

Motor impairment is a common issue in stroke patients, often affecting the upper limbs. To this standpoint, robotic neurorehabilitation has shown to be highly effective for motor function recovery. Notably, Machine learning (ML) may be a powerful technique able to identify the optimal kind and intensity of rehabilitation treatments to maximize the outcomes. This retrospective observational research aims to assess the efficacy of robotic devices in facilitating the functional rehabilitation of upper limbs in stroke patients through ML models. Specifically, clinical scales, such as the Fugl-Meyer Assessment (A-D) (FMA), the Frenchay Arm Test (FAT), and the Barthel Index (BI), were used to assess the patients' condition before and after robotic therapy. The values of these scales were predicted based on the patients' clinical and demographic data obtained before the treatment. The findings showed that ML models have high accuracy in predicting the FMA, FAT, and BI, with R-squared (R2) values of 0.79, 0.57, and 0.74, respectively. The findings of this study suggest that integrating ML into robotic therapy may have the capacity to establish a personalized and streamlined clinical practice, leading to significant improvements in patients' quality of life and the long-term sustainability of the healthcare system.

Effects of Fuel Removal on the Flammability of Surface Fuels in Betula platyphylla in the Wildland–Urban Interface

This paper aimed to provide technical support for fuel management by exploring different strengths of fuel removal on the physical and chemical properties and flammability of Betula platyphylla forests in the wildland–urban interface. After investigating the northeastern region during the forest fire prevention period in May 2023, a typical WUI area was selected, and three different treatment strengths, combined with a control, were set up to carry out indoor and outdoor experiments for 27 weeks. Compared with previous studies, this study mainly investigated and analyzed the dynamic changes in the physical and chemical properties and fuel flammability after different intensities of treatments on a time scale. By processing and analyzing the data, the following results were obtained. Significant differences existed in the fuel loading of different time-lag fuels over time (p < 0.05). The ash and ignition point of 1 h time-lag fuel after different treatment intensities generally increased first and then decreased, and the higher heat value and ash-free calorific value generally decreased first and then increased. The physical and chemical properties of 10 h and 100 h time-lag fuel fluctuated with time, but the overall change was insignificant. The indicator that had the greatest impact on the combustion comprehensive score for different time-lag fuels was fuel loading. The change in the flammability of dead surface fuel with time varied significantly, and different treatment intensities effectively reduced the fuel’s flammability. The reduction effects, presented in descending order, were as follows: medium-strength treatment > low-strength treatment > high-strength treatment > control check. In conclusion, different treatment intensities have significant effects on the flammability of the fuel, and the medium-strength treatment has the best effect. Considering the ecological and economic benefits, adopting the medium-strength treatment for the WUI to regulate the fuel is recommended.

Study on the treatment of dysphagia after stroke with electromyographic biofeedback intensive training.

Dysphagia, or swallowing disorder, is a common complication following stroke, significantly impacting patients' quality of life. Electromyographic biofeedback (EMGBF) therapy has emerged as a potential rehabilitation technique to improve swallowing function, but its efficacy in comparison with conventional treatments remains to be further explored. To investigate the effects of different treatment intensities of EMGBF on swallowing function and motor speed after stroke. The participants were divided into three groups, all of which received routine neurological drug therapy and motor function rehabilitation training. On the basis of routine swallowing disorder training, the EMGBF group received additional EMGBF training, while the enhanced EMGBF group received two additional training sessions. Four weeks before and after treatment, the degree of swallowing disorder was evaluated using the degree of swallowing disorder score (VGF) and the Rosenbek penetration-aspiration scale (PAS). Initially, there was no significant difference in VGF and PAS scores among the groups (P > 0.05). After four weeks, all groups showed significant improvement in both VGF scores and PAS scores. Furthermore, the standardized swallowing assessment and videofluoroscopic dysphagia scale scores also improved significantly post-treatment, indicating enhanced swallowing function and motor function of the hyoid-bone laryngeal complex, particularly in the intensive EMGBF group. EMGBF training is more effective than traditional swallowing training in improving swallowing function and the movement rate of the hyoid laryngeal complex in patients with post-stroke dysphagia.

Pre-Harvest UV-A Supplementation in Plant Factory with Artificial Lighting Improves Growth, Photosynthesis, and Phytonutrients in Kale

UV-A (315–400 nm) is a component of solar radiation, which impacts plant physiology. Consequently, the impact was investigated of UV-A supplementation on various aspects of kale cultivation in a plant factory with artificial lighting. Three UV-A intensity treatments (5, 10, or 15 W/m2) were applied to kale plants for 5 days before harvesting. The results revealed that 5 or 10 W/m2 UV-A supplementation provided significant advantages for kale growth. The fresh weight of the kale shoots increased by over 35–50% after UV-A exposure. In particular, the 10 W/m2 UV-A exposure significantly improved the photosynthetic rate, water-use efficiency, and quantum efficiency of photosystem II (Y(II)). In addition, the treatment with UV-A positively impacted changes in leaf spectral indices, resulting in decreases in the simple ratio index (SR), the normalized phaeophytinization index (NPQI), and the normalized difference red edge index (NDRE). Furthermore, the phytonutrients in kale (Vitamin C, soluble protein, and total phenolics) were enhanced using the 10 W/m2 UV-A treatment. One notable outcome was the consistent reduction in nitrate contents across all UV-A treatment intensities. Therefore, supplementing kale cultivation with UV-A radiation was a valuable strategy for enhancing kale yield and quality in plant factory production.

Predicting response to stepped-care cognitive behavioral therapy for insomnia using pre-treatment heart rate variability in cancer patients

ObjectiveThis study examined whether high frequency heart-rate variability (HF-HRV) and HF-HRV reactivity to worry moderate response to cognitive behavioural therapy for insomnia (CBT-I) within both a standard and stepped-care framework among cancer patients with comorbid insomnia. Biomarkers such as HF-HRV may predict response to CBT-I, a finding which could potentially inform patient allocation to different treatment intensities within a stepped-care framework. Methods177 participants (86.3 % female; Mage = 55.3, SD = 10.4) were randomized to receive either stepped-care or standard CBT-I. 145 participants had their HRV assessed at pre-treatment during a rest and worry period. Insomnia symptoms were assessed using the Insomnia Severity Index (ISI) and daily sleep diary across five timepoints from pre-treatment to a 12-month post-treatment follow-up. ResultsResting HF-HRV was significantly associated with pre-treatment sleep efficiency and sleep onset latency but not ISI score. However, resting HF-HRV did not predict overall changes in insomnia across treatment and follow-up. Similarly, resting HF-HRV did not differentially predict changes in sleep diary parameters across standard or stepped-care groups. HRV reactivity was not related to any of the assessed outcome measures in both cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses. ConclusionAlthough resting HF-HRV was related to initial daily sleep parameters, HF-HRV measures did not significantly predict longitudinal responses to CBT-I. These findings suggest that HF-HRV does not predict treatment responsiveness to CBT-I interventions of different intensity in cancer patients.

Stability of Willingness to Pay: Does Time and Treatment Allocation in a Randomized Controlled Trial Influence Willingness to Pay?

Willingness-to-pay (WTP) estimates are useful to policy makers only if they are generalizable beyond the moment when they are collected. To understand the "shelf life" of preference estimates, preference stability needs be tested over substantial periods of time. We tested the stability of WTP for preventative dental care (scale and polish) using a payment-card contingent valuation question administered to 909 randomized controlled trial participants at 4 time points: baseline (prerandomization) and at annual intervals for 3 years. Trial participants were regular attenders at National Health Service dental practices. Participants were randomly offered different frequencies (intensities) of scale polish (no scale and polish, 1 scale and polish per year, 2 scale and polishes per year). We also examined whether treatment allocation to these different treatment intensities influenced the stability of WTP. Interval regression methods were used to test for changes in WTP over time while controlling for changes in 2 determinants of WTP. Individual-level changes were also examined as well as the WTP function over time. We found that at the aggregate level, mean WTP values were stable over time. The results were similar by trial arm. Individuals allocated to the arm with the highest scale and polish intensity (2 per year) had a slight increase in WTP toward the latter part of the trial. There was considerable variation at the individual level. The WTP function was stable over time. The payment-card contingent valuation method can produce stable WTP values in health over time. Future research should explore the generalizability of these results in other populations, for less familiar health care services, and using alternative elicitation methods. Stated preferences are commonly used to value health care.Willingness-to-pay (WTP) estimates are useful only if they have a "shelf life."Little is known about the stability of WTP for health care.We test the stability of WTP for dental care over 3 y.Our results show that the contingent valuation method can produce stable WTP values.

Treatment-related mortality among children with cancer in Denmark during 2001-2021.

Survival of children with cancer has markedly improved over recent decades, largely due to intensified treatment regimes. The intensive treatment may, however, result in fatal complications. In this retrospective cohort study, we assessed temporal variation in the incidence of treatment-related death and associated risk factors among children diagnosed with cancer in Denmark during 2001-2021. Among all children diagnosed with first incident cancer before age 15 years recorded in the Danish Childhood Cancer Register (n = 3,255), we estimated cumulative incidence of treatment-related death (death in the absence of progressive cancer) within 5 years from diagnosis using Aalen-Johansen estimators and assessed associated risk factors using Cox regression. Among all 3,255 children with cancer, 93 (20% of all 459 deaths) died from treatment. Of these treatment-related deaths, 39 (42%) occurred within 3 months of diagnosis. The 5-year cumulative incidences of treatment-related death were 3.3% during 2001-2010 and 2.5% during 2011-2021 (p = 0.20). During 2011-2021, treatment-related deaths accounted for more than half of all deaths among children with haematological cancers. Risk factors varied according to cancer group and included female sex, age below 1 year at diagnosis, disease relapse, stem cell transplantation, central nervous system involvement, and metastasis at diagnosis. Despite increasing treatment intensities, the incidence of treatment-related death has remained stable during the past 20 years in Denmark. Still, clinical attention is warranted to prevent treatment-related deaths, particularly among children with haematological cancers. Patient characteristics associated with increased treatment-related death risk support patient-specific treatment approaches to avoid these fatalities.

Water yield response to forest treatment patterns in a sierra nevada watershed

Study regionSierra Nevada Study focusSnow dominated forests serve as source water supplies to much of the western United States. In recent years, these forests have experienced an increase in both drought and wildfire, which threaten critical water resources. By reducing forest density, treatments offer a promising solution to reducing fuel loads and potentially increasing surface water yield. However, the amount of fuel load reduction necessary to produce a change in water yield is not well-characterized. The objectives of the current study are to: 1) calibrate a distributed parameter, fully-integrated and physically-based hydrologic model to available watershed data and evaluate predicted hydrologic changes for a range of fuel treatment scenarios in a heavily forested experimental basin in the Sierra Nevada (Sagehen Creek basin near Truckee, California, USA), and 2) determine the extent (threshold) of forest treatments necessary to produce substantial changes, i.e. a 25% increase, in surface runoff. New hydrological insights for the regionUsing DHI’s physically-distributed code, MIKESHE, to develop the model for Sagehen Basin, twenty forest treatment scenarios with varying canopy density reductions (CDRs) and areas of treatment were simulated for a five-year period. Statistical testing showed that significant change in runoff occurred for every developed scenario at the annual scale (99% confidence interval). Surface water yield is highly correlated with precipitation patterns, however, treatments have a compounding effect over the years and the basin has a more dramatic response to higher treatment intensities. Increasing treatment CDR was more effective at increasing water yield than increasing treatment area. Results suggest that as forest managers implement fuel treatments, water yield response depends on: 1) the degree to which treatments are implemented by either area or CDR, 2) future climate variability including extended periods of drought, and 3) basin storage conditions and how this might buffer disturbance response in the basin.

Tri-frequency simultaneous ultrasound pickling for the acceleration of the NaCl content and quality improvement of pork (longissimus dorsi).

The pickling process with NaCl is an essential step for pork preservation. This study aimed to investigate the effect of different ultrasonic intensities of tri-frequency simultaneous ultrasound (TSIU) pickling on the NaCl content and quality of pork (longissimus dorsi). After 30 min pickling, the NaCl content, moisture content, pickling yield, cooking loss, textural properties, color, pH, moisture migration and distribution as well as microstructure of pork were assessed. Results showed that among all the ultrasonic treatment intensities (85-150 W L-1), the NaCl content of the sample pickled by an intensity of 101.3 W L-1 was higher than that of other intensities. TSIU 101.3 W L-1 showed 59.95% higher NaCl content than the control sample. In addition, the sample treated with TSIU of 101.3 W L-1 had higher pickling yield and moisture content, better textural properties of pork (including hardness and chewiness), and less cooking loss. The results of the low-field nuclear magnetic resonance showed that, compared with the control group, the relaxation time T21 of the ultrasound-assisted pickling samples increased, while the proportion of T22 (A22) reduction ranged from 175.0% to 379.9%. The microstructure designated that the ultrasonic treatment could facilitate changes in meat texture. Ultrasound marination of different intensities promoted the diffusion of NaCl and affected the quality of pork tenderloins. The TSIU at 101.3 W L-1 could better accelerate NaCl transport and homogeneous distribution on meat, thereby improving the sample quality. © 2024 Society of Chemical Industry.

Cash for Coolers or Sustainable Lighting? Assessing Different Components of a Large-Scale Energy Efficiency Program in Mexico

In one of the largest demand-side energy efficiency programs at the time, the Mexican government supported more than 11 million, mostly low-income households in replacing their old light bulbs and appliances with more efficient models. Previous evaluations of this program focused exclusively on appliances, which made up almost 90 per cent of the total program cost, and found modest benefits in terms of energy savings. This study compares the respective effects of replacing light bulbs and appliances simultaneously in a single econometric framework, using data from nationally representative household surveys and a difference-in-differences approach which exploits geographical variation in treatment intensities. Despite using different sources and types of data, our results for the appliances replacement intervention are largely in line with the estimates of previous studies. In addition, we find that the impact on energy consumption (proxied by the amount paid for electricity) of replacing light bulbs was of comparable magnitude as that of replacing appliances, although the average cost per participating household was much smaller. Overall, our results suggest that low-cost investments that help poor households reduce their energy consumption for lighting can have high returns on energy efficiency in the residential sector.

Towards more sustainable cooking practices to increase the bioaccessibility of colourless and provitamin A carotenoids in cooked carrots.

The effect of different cooking methods (boiling, baking, steaming and microwaving) on the colour and texture of carrots, as well as on the bioaccessibility of carotenoids, was investigated in order to identify the more "sustainable cooking" methods. Cooking resulted in statistically significant increases in total carotenoid bioaccessibility, both with intensity and duration of treatments. In particular, significant increases in carotenoid bioaccessible content (CBC) were observed, ranging from 6.03-fold (microwave) to 8.90-fold (baking) for the most intense cooking conditions tested. Although the relative concentration of the colourless carotenoids (phytoene and phytofluene) in raw carrots is lower than that of provitamins A α- and β-carotene, the bioaccessible content of the colourless ones is much higher. From an energy consumption standpoint and considering samples with the same tenderness, the highest CBC values per kWh decreased in the order microwaving > baking > water cooking > steaming. Our findings are important to help combat vitamin A deficiency since increases of up to ∼40-fold and ∼70-fold in the CBCs of the vitamin A precursors α- and β-carotene, respectively, were observed. These results provide a basis for defining "sustainable cooking" as "cooking practices that optimize intensity, duration and other parameters leading to a more efficient use of energy to maximize the bioavailability of nutrients and other beneficial food components (such as bioactives) while ensuring food appeal and safety".

Tuz Stresine Maruz Bırakılan Aspir (Carthamus tinctorius L.) Bitkisinin Morfolojik, Fizyolojik ve Biyokimyasal Tepkileri

The morphological, physiological (biomass, water content-WC) and biochemical (proline, membrane damage-malondialdehyde-MDA, H2O2 content) responses of safflower to NaCI salt stress in different concentrations (0, 50, 75, 150, and 300 mM) were investigated for the first time in in vitro conditions in this study. At the end of the 3-week period, it was determined that NaCl had a negative effect on germination percentages. The percentage of germination was 100% in the control group, while it decreased to 30% in 150 mM NaCl and 5% in 300 mM. In general, morphological development of seedlings was significantly slowed down and seedling growth was not observed at 300 mM concentration. It was determined that the WC, fresh weights, shoot and root length decreased in all NaCl concentrations but there was no significant decrease in dry weights. MDA, proline and H2O2 contents increased in safflower seedlings in parallel with the intensity of salt treatments. While the highest MDA and proline content was found in 150 mM NaCl treatment, the highest H2O2 content was found in 75 mM NaCl treatment. In the light of these data, it has been proven that the Balcı safflower variety is sensitive by showing a negative effect on the applied salt concentrations.