Oriental Medicine Treatment Research Articles

Current situation regarding psychedelics and magic mushroom in Korea

IntroductionRecently, the pros and cons have been debating in Korea even before the approval of use of medical marijuana with very strict limitations. And the next controversial topic is psychedelics. In 1890, when mescaline was first isolated from peyote cactus, clinical researches began, but due to its harmful effects, it was thereafter legally prohibited in 1970 in USA. However, a pernicious debate over the medical efficacy of psychedelic drugs has begun again with the release of a study that uses psychedelic mushrooms to be effective against treatment-resistant depression, alcohol dependence, and depression and anxiety in terminal cancer patient.ObjectivesTo make a consensus on the medical use of these, we reviewed wild mushrooms containing hallucinogenic ingredients living in Korea.MethodsTo make a consensus on the medical use of these, we reviewed wild mushrooms containing hallucinogenic ingredients living in Korea.ResultsMushrooms have long been popular as a food ingredient in Korea. Psilocybin, a classical psychedelic, can be obtained from magic mushroom (Psilocybe cubensis). The psilocybin on the CNS and causes hallucinations. Intoxication symptoms include pleasant or nervousness, sudden laughter, hallucinations, visual impairment, tachycardia and hypertension, reflexes, agitation, cognitive impairment, confusion, and aggressive behavior. These symptoms last for 2-4 hours after ingestion, and most disappear within six hours.Among 114 species of Psilocybe containing psilocybin around the world, only five wild mushrooms found in Korea that cause nervous system hallucinations are as follows: P. argentipes, P. coprophila, P. perdaria, and P. subcarulipes.In Korea, there is acute poisoning case suffering with GI symptoms caused by mushrooms, but it is difficult to find records of abuse or dependences case caused by psychedelic mushrooms. In addition, although oriental medicine treatment is relatively active, it is not used as an herbal medicine.ConclusionsCurrently, the Korean government classifies psychedelic mushroom-derived substances, Psilocybin and Psilocin, as psychotropic drugs by law. If researcher intends to clinical trial with eve very small amount of it for academic purpose, it is only possible after obtaining approval from Korean FDA. In order to determine the usefulness of psychedelics, many clinical studies are needed in Korea.Disclosure of InterestNone Declared

Oriental medicine as collaborating treatments with conventional treatments for knee osteoarthritis: A PRISMA-compliant systematic review and meta-analysis.

We aimed to evaluate the effectiveness and safety of oriental medicine (OM) treatments as monotherapy and add-on therapy compared to conventional treatments for knee osteoarthritis and assess the quality of evidence for these results. OM treatment included acupuncture, herbal medicine, pharmacoacupuncture, and moxibustion. PubMed, Embase, Cochrane, Google Scholar, 4 Korean medical databases (KoreaMed, Korean Studies Information Service System, Research Information Service System, and Oriental Medicine Advanced Searching Integrated System), and one Chinese database (China National Knowledge Infrastructure) were searched for articles published between January 1, 2000, and January 1, 2021. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) investigating the effect of OM interventions, single or combined with conventional treatments, on knee osteoarthritis were searched. The risk of bias and quality of evidence of the included studies were evaluated using the Cochrane Collaboration's risk of bias tool and Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development, and Evaluation methods, respectively. A total of 3911 relevant studies were retrieved and only 23 studies were included for systematic review. Most of the studies showed a significant effect on knee osteoarthritis. 21 studies comparing single OM treatment with conventional treatment were included in the meta-analysis. The effect size of standardized mean difference (SMD) was analyzed as a "small effect" with 0.48 (95% CI -0.80 to -0.16, Z = 2.98, P = .003). In addition, a meta-analysis of 4 studies comparing integrative treatment with conventional treatment showed a "very large effect" with 1.52 (95% CI -2.09 to -0.95, Z = 5.19, P < .001). Our results suggest that single OM treatment and integrative treatment significantly reduce pain in patients with knee osteoarthritis. However, there is a limited number of RCTs considering integrative treatment which implies more related RCTs should be conducted in the future.

산후 개인생성건강기록 활용 리포트 연구

This study aims to design and develop the self-monitoring contents and Person Generated Health Data report for the postpartum management group. So far, many mobile apps and wearable health devices for personal health data have been released. However, few services manage postpartum management groups’ health based on Korean medicine knowledge. Our postpartum PGHD report proposed in this paper reflects the clinical indicators of Korean medicine and the actual postpartum record pattern. It provides information to users based on categories of related PGHD items. When the PGHD platform provides this report information, the user can easily interpret PGHD items and monitor their health status integrated compared to the existing simple list-type record information check. In addition, category-specific information based on oriental significance indicator analysis data can be used to connect with oriental medicine treatment in the postpartum management group. In the future, it will be able to contribute to the oriental medical treatment of the postpartum management group if this postpartum PGHD report can be provided by linking the oriental medicine PHR platform in connection with the oriental clinic medical record chart.

A Case Report of Non-Motor Symptoms Evaluated Using the Non-Motor Symptom Scale in a Patient with Secondary Parkinsonism Presumed to be Probable Lewy Body Dementia and Improved with Combined Treatment with Herbal Medicine and Acupuncture

Parkinson's syndrome is a degenerative brain disease that presents characteristic motor symptoms of tremor, rigidity, and gait disturbance. In addition to these motor symptoms, Parkinson's syndrome also presents non-motor symptoms (NMSs) such as sleep disturbance and cognitive decline. NMSs reduce patient's quality of life and psychosocial functioning and cause economic burden on the patient, so appropriate evaluation and treatment are required. Lewy body dementia is one of the several diseases belonging to Parkinson's syndrome. Its symptoms such as cognitive function, memory impairment, and hallucinations occur with Parkinsonism. Although drug therapy is being used with drug treatment to treat non-motor symptoms, it has limitations such as side effects, which stimulated interest in other complementary treatment methods such as oriental medicine treatment, dance, and yoga.&lt;br/&gt;The patient in this case complained of tremor in the right upper extremity, muscle hypertension and pain, and persistent vision, memory, and cognitive decline. The patient was diagnosed with probable Lewy body dementia. The patient was hospitalized for 4 months and received acupuncture and herbal medicines. After treatment, the patient's NMS scale scores decreased from 90 to 63, and the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale scores (summed I, II, and III) decreased from 17 points to 8 points. The Beck Depression Inventory score decreased from 22 points to 13 points. In addition, the patient's subjective evaluation revealed improvement.&lt;br/&gt;In this case, a patient diagnosed with probable Lewy body dementia who did not respond to the standard treatment and did not want to take medications showed improvement in not only motor symptoms but also NMSs after integrative Korean medicine treatment.

ON THE ISSUE OF VERIFICATION OF THE RESULTS OF ELECTRO-PUNCTURE DIAGNOSTICS (EPD) IN THE COMPREHENSIVE PATIENT REHABILITATION WITH MYOCARDIAL INFARCTION (MI)

The methods of studying the objective condition of the patient in the treatment and rehabilitation in traditional oriental medicine from pulse diagnostics to electro-puncture diagnostics (EPD) have been analyzed. It is noted that the development of medicine seeks to level the subjectivity of the diagnostician through the use of objective parameters of sympathetic and parasympathicotonia of representative of biologically active points (BAP). Methods that are not able to perform such a task (Folls EPD) cannot be considered scientific. The authors technique of the Nakatani EPD variant, protected by a patent, on the example of examination of patients with MI when prescribing cardioselective BAB is presented. The physiological indicators of maxima and minima of electro-skin potential of BAP as daily and monthly cycles of an organism are described by the east medicine considered. It is reasonable to believe that the physiological rhythms of the body recorded in the EPD are a valuable method of verification and interpretation of research results.

Anti-inflammatory action of YHQ by regulating 5-LOX/COX-2/NF-κB/MAPKs/Akt signaling pathways in RAW 264.7 macrophage cells

Yan-Hou-Qing (YHQ), a traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) formula including fifteen herbal medicines has been used for acute pharyngitis and cough treatment in Oriental medicine. However, anti-inflammatory activities of YHQ are poorly understood. The anti-inflammatory activities of YHQ were evaluated via enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and the underlying mechanisms were further determined using western blot in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated RAW 264.7 murine macrophage cells in vitro. Anti-inflammation study revealed that YHQ inhibits the release of prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) potently by suppressing the protein expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and leukotriene B4 (LTB4) by reducing arachidonate 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages. Further study demonstrated that YHQ inhibits the production of the pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α in LPS-stimulated RAW 264.7 macrophages by attenuating the phosphorylation p65 subunit of nuclear factor-kappaB (NF-κB). The suppressive effects of YHQ on LPS-stimulated inflammatory cytokines and mediators can be attributed to the suppression of YHQ on the phosphorylation of Akt and c-Jun N-terminal kinases (JNK), extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK), and p38 MAPKs. This study suggested that YHQ can be a preventive and potent therapeutic candidate for the management of inflammatory-mediated immune disorders.

Study on the Needs of Health Care for establishment of regional Health Care Plan-Focused on Cheonan City

The purpose of this study is to utilize the health services of Cheonan citizens as a basic data for establishing the 7th Regional Health Plan (2019 ∼ 2022), respectively. Tools for measuring the health care needs of the subjects were revised and supplemented by the tools of the Community Health Survey. The data was collected from 440 Cheonan citizens by structural questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed with the SPSS 18.0 program. As a result of analyzing the satisfaction of the current medical care projects and health promotion programs, the vaccination was the highest at 3.37 out of the 4 points, the non-smoking service was 3.43, respectively. As a result of comparison between area A and area B, statistically significant differences were found in the prevention of epidemics (t =-2.359, p =.019), Management of mental disease (t =-2.027, p =.045) and oriental medicine treatment (t =-2.698, p =.007). In addition, there was a statistically significant difference in the oral care program (t =-2.008, p =.046). Also in analyzing the needs of the health care services and health promotion programs, arthritis management was the highest at 3.50, obesity management and oral health were 3.41. As a result of comparison between area A and area B, There was also a statistically significant difference in non-smoking (t =-2.512, p =.012) and obesity management (t =-2.508, p =.012). To improve the health potential of citizens and the ability to cope with the risk factors of diseases through the provision of the health promotion program.

The Features of Oriental Medicine and Kampo Treatment for Undifferentiated Finger Arthritis

The Features of Oriental Medicine and Kampo Treatment for Undifferentiated Finger Arthritis

Yan-Hou-Qing formula attenuates allergic airway inflammation via up-regulation of Treg and suppressing Th2 responses in Ovalbumin-induced asthmatic mice

Ethnopharmacological relevanceYan-Hou-Qing (YHQ), a Chinese medicine formula containing fourteen kinds of materials, has been designed for pharyngitis and cough treatment in Oriental medicine. In the present study, the anti-allergic effects and underlying mechanisms of YHQ in inhibition of airway hyper responsiveness (AHR) was explored in an ovalbumin (OVA)-induced allergic asthma mouse model. Materials and methodsBALB/c mice were sensitized by OVA and cholera toxin (CT) and challenged with OVA intranasally to induce allergic asthma mouse model. YHQ (200 mg/kg) was orally administered for 3 weeks from week-2 after OVA sensitization. The AHR and histological changes of lung tissues were evaluated by whole-body barometric plethysmography analysis and hematoxylin and eosin (H&E) staining, respectively. The serum concentration of OVA-specific IgE and T helper 2 (Th2) cytokines (IL-4 and IL-13) were determined by enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA). Flow cytometry was performed to evaluate the percentage of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ regulatory T cells (Treg) in the spleen. ResultsThe elevated AHR responses, heavier inflammatory cell infiltration and Th2 cytokines in allergic asthma group indicated Ovalbumin-induced asthmatic mouse models were built successfully. Compared to allergic asthma group, OVA-induced AHR responses and eosinophil infiltration in lung were improved significantly, and the productions of OVA-specific IgE and Th2 cytokines, IL-4 and IL-13, in the serum were also reduced dramatically after the treatment of YHQ. Moreover, YHQ treatment significantly increased the percentage of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Treg in OVA-induced allergic asthma mouse model. ConclusionsYHQ improves the allergic asthma related symptoms via promotion of CD4+CD25+Foxp3+ Treg and suppression of Th2 responses in mouse model, suggesting YHQ can be used as a potent agent to alleviate allergic asthma related symptoms.

Standardization of the Manufacturing Process of Bee Venom Pharmacopuncture Containing Melittin as the Active Ingredient.

Background Pharmacopuncture is a unique treatment in oriental medicine that combines chemical stimulation with conventional acupuncture. However, there are no standardized methods for preparing the herbal medicines used in pharmacopuncture, and it is not clear whether the active ingredients are safe and stable. Several studies have investigated nonstandardized preparation processes, but few investigations have addressed safety and preparation methods. Pharmacopuncture may provide an alternative treatment for incurable diseases. However, it must be as valid and safe as standardized medicine. In this way, the present project may contribute to the industrialization of medicine in Korea. It may also expand health insurance coverage by promoting evidence-based medical insurance benefits. Thus, the present study attempted to standardize and improve the raw materials, preparation, and efficacy of bee venom pharmacopuncture (BVP), which is a highly effective technique in oriental medicine. Method To purify the crude bee venom, the extract was subjected to a stepped-gradient open column (ODS-A; 120 Å, 150 mesh). Using this method, the yield of melittin was significantly increased and the allergen proteins were effectively removed. The melittin content of the purified bee venom was determined using HPLC, and the product was then diluted to 0.1 mg/mL using injection water in preparation for BVP. Results In the present study, we standardized the purification process to provide safe and stable BVP by increasing the main effective components and eliminating allergens. This study will be seminal in the industrialization and regulation of BVP. Conclusion We developed an effective strategy for melittin purification and allergen removal from bee venom to create safe BVP.

Cortex Mori Radicis extract attenuates myocardial damages in diabetic rats by regulating ERS

Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is diagnosed when patients with diabetes develop ventricular dysfunction but do not exhibit coronary atherosclerosis or hypertension. Cortex Mori (CM) Radicis,he epidermis of the root of Morus alba L, has been traditionally used for cough treatment in oriental medicine. In this study, we investigated the protection of myocardium by CM in streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic rats and the underlying mechanisms. Diabetes was induced in rats by an injection of STZ at 25mg/kg. The animals were randomly divided into 4 groups: control, diabetes, diabetes with CM treatment, diabetes with CM preventative treatment. Pathological changes were examined by hematoxylin-eosin staining. Extracellular matrix content was assessed by Masson's trichrome staining and Western blot. Endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress-associated molecules and main components of the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) pathway were also measured by Western blot. Myocardial damages were induced by the injection of STZ as evidenced by abnormal blood glucose and pathological cardiac changes. Administration of CM markedly ameliorated myocardial damages such as cardiac hypertrophy and fibrosis. ER stress was down-regulated, and p38 and ERK were suppressed by CM. Thus, CM may have therapeutic potential in the treatment of DCM by attenuating ER stress and ERK and p38 MAPK activation.

Extracranial vertebral artery rupture likely secondary to "cupping therapy" superimposed on spontaneous dissection.

The extracranial vertebral artery (VA) is vulnerable to dissection and the V3 segment is the most common location for dissection. Dissection accounts for about 2% of all ischemic strokes and can occur after trauma or chiropractic neck maneuvers. We report an extremely rare case of spontaneous extracranial VA dissection presenting with posterior neck hematoma aggravated after cupping therapy, a treatment in traditional Oriental medicine. We treated the patient successfully by endovascular treatment without any complication.

자궁내막증으로 인한 골반통과 기타 동반 증상에 대해 증상 스트레스 도구와 삶의 질 측정도구로 평가한 調經種玉湯 加味方 치험례

Objectives : This study is to report the clinical effect of oriental medicine on a patient suffering from endometriosis with chronic pelvic pain and other accompanied various symptoms. Methods : The 32 years old patient had suffered from endometriosis symptoms including pelvic pain, menstrual cramping, disuresia, and other pains over 8 years. The patient received herbal medication, acupuncture, abdominal moxibustion during 5 months of outpatient treatment. The clinical effects were evaluated through TSD (Total Symptom Distress) and EHP-5 (Short-From Endometriosis Health Profile Questionnaire). Results : The various clinical symptoms were improved during the treatment. The TSD and EHP-5 score also noticeably reduced. Conclusions : This case study showed that oriental medicine, acupuncture and moxibustion treatment appeared to effectively reduce various symptom of endometriosis.

The Indigenization of Licorice and Its Meaning During the Early Days of the Joseon Dynasty

This article explores the indigenization of licorice(Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch.) which was the most important medicine of the Oriental Medicine. There are a lot of records on licorice even before the Joseon Dynasty. The licorice had been used mainly in stomach related diseases such as food poisoning or indigestion. But the licorice was an imported medicine until the early days of the Joseon Dynasty. As the Joseon Dynasty began, the licorice production became necessary with the investigation and obtaining the herbs. And a large amount of licorice was needed when the epidemics outbroke under the reign of King Sejong(). In particular, the licorice had been essential in treating the diseases of the Cold Damage which was focused in the Joseon Dynasty. That was why King Sejong ordered to plant the licorice in the Chollado province and Hamgildo province in 1448. But the licorice cultivation was not easy for two reasons. First, it was difficult to find the proper soil for proper soil for planting. Second, the people didn't actively grow the licorice, because they had to devote the licorice as the tax when the indigenization of licorice was succeeded. King Sejo() and King Seongjong() encouraged the people to plant the licorice. The recognition that the licorice is essential in pediatric diseases such as smallpox got stronger then before. Finally the indigenization of licorice was completed under the reign of King Seongjong. According to the Dongguknyeojiseungnam(), edited in 1481, and Shinjeungdongguknyeojiseungnam( ), edited in 1530, the licorice was planted in seven districts. With the success of the indigenization of licorice, the approach of the people to the Oriental Medicine treatment had became much easier.

다낭성 난소증후군 치험 1례

Objectives: The aim of this study is to report the effect of oriental treatments for polycystic ovarian disease patient with amenorrhoea. Methods: A 27 years old women, who diagnosed polycystic ovarian disease, was enrolled in this study. She received oriental treatment such as herbal medicine, acupuncture for 8 months. And we proceeded to checkup female hormone regularly, such as Estrogen, LH, FSH, Prolactin. We observed the menstruation period and figure out LH/FSH ratio. Results: Polycystic ovarian disease patient restart cyclic menstruation. LH/FSH ratio of polycystic ovarian disease patient was decreased to normal level. Conclusions: In polycystic ovarian disease patient with amenorrhoea in this case, oriental herbal medicine and acupuncture treatment make cyclic menstruation and restore LH/FSH ratio to normal level.

단순부분발작, 영아연축 및 결신발작으로 진단받은 소아간질(小兒癎疾) 3례에 대한 증례보고(證例報告)

Abstract A Case Report of Epileptic Children Diagnosed as Simple Partial Seizures, InfantileSpasms and Absence Seizures Kang Kyoung Ha ․ Park Eun Jung Department of Pediatrics, College of Oriental Medicine, Wonkwang University Objectives The purpose of this study is to report three cases of epileptic children who were treated by oriental medicine. Methods Three epileptic children were treated by Gwakhyangjeonggi-san and Kuibiondam-tang. Two children had took combination therapy; anti-epilepsy drugs and oriental medicines and the other one took only oriental medicines. We measured frequency and intensity of seizure, and observed general conditions. Results The oriental medicine treatment is not only reducing seizures, but also improving general condition like digestion, constipation and reducing frequency of common cold and symptom of rhinitis. Conclusions Epilepsy in childhood is induced by various factor like Fung (風), Dam (痰), Sik (食), Kyung (驚). We administrated oriental medicine and prevented seizures.

가감선방패독탕(加減仙防敗毒湯) 투약을 통한 탈모증 치험 1례 - 임파선염을 동반한 다발성 원형탈모증 치료를 중심으로

Objectives : This is a clinical report on a 27-year-old patient with Multi-patched Alopecia Areata(AA) assumed to be occurred by chronic lymphadenopathy, and treated by oriental medicine treatment. Methods : The patient was treated by herb medication and acupuncture. The improvement of the patient was judged by magnifying glass, camera and VAS scale. Results & Conclusions : The AA patches were shown the regrowth of hair. And the pain from lymphadenopathy was disappeared. Oriental medicine treatment including Gagamsunbangpaedok-tang <TEX>$(Ji\bar{a}ji\check{a}nxi\bar{a}nf\acute{a}ngb\grave</TEX><TEX>{a}id\acute{u}-t\bar{a}ng)$</TEX> was effective to regrow hair on AA patches and reduce the symptom of lymphadenopathy as well.

소수관절형 소아기 류마티스관절염의 항류마티스제 감량과 한약투여 병행을 통한 치료사례

Objectives This study is to report a case that has an effective result to oligoarticular type juvenile idiopathic arthritis patient with the oriental medicine treatment. Methods We treated the patient with an oriental medicine and tapered down with the DMARDs and NSAIDs. We followed up the laboratory blood tests every four or five months and throughout the experiment. Results The symptoms of oligoarticular type juvenile idiopathic arthritis were vanished and the patient maintained her good health condition with oriental medicine treatment after discontinued all Disease-Modifying Antirheumatic Drugs (DMARDs) and NSAIDs (Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs). Her ESR, CRP levels were stable in normal and other blood test results were back to normal range. Her joint mobility and condition was back to normal. Now she is in clinical remission status. Conclusions According to the result, the oriental medicine treatment is considered to be effective on the oligoarticular juvenile idiopathic arthritis and further studies will be needed with more cases.

Review of the Latest Oriental and Traditional Clinical Articles and Protocol about Male Sexual Dysfunction

This study reviews the latest articles about oriental and traditional medicine treatment of male sexual dysfunction. We searched the article from 2000 to 2012 using 5 data bases. There were no restrictions on the type of publication, but articles not available in full text were excluded. The methological quality of RCT study was assessed according to Jadad scores and Cochrane"s assessment of risk of bias. 18 articles were included in this study. 5 articles published in Korea, the rest were foreign articles. 9 articles were randomized controlled trial(RCT), Case-control studies were 3, case reports were 3, One group pre-post test were 3. In RCT studies, Jadad scores were generally low, and risk of selection bias and performance bias were generally high, risk of detection bias was unclear. Oriental and traditional medicine treatment is as effective as western medicine treatment for male sexual dysfunction, more rigorous oriental medicine treatment studies should be warranted.

삼차신경통에 보기거풍산(補氣祛風散)을 사용한 임상증례 1례

Objectives : This is a clinical report on a 63-year-old female patient with Trigeminal Neuralgia (TN) treated by oriental medicine treatments. Methods : The patient was treated by acupuncture, moxibustion and herb medication. The improvement of the patient was judged by Visual Analog Scale(VAS). Results : The pain had been gradually reduced and VAS became 2 after the treatment for 25 days. Conclusions : Oriental medicine treatment including Bogigeopung-san was very effective to improve the TN patient's symptoms. It is necessary to have more observations and cases on the patients with TN.