Treatment Of Diarrhea In Children Research Articles

Antibiotic Use in Home Treatment of Childhood Diarrhoea in Uyo, Nigeria0

Antibiotic Use in Home Treatment of Childhood Diarrhoea in Uyo, Nigeria0

Adjudicative efficacy of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BLa80 in treating acute diarrhea in children: a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study

The goal of this study is to assess the efficacy and safety of Bifidobacterium animalis subsp. lactis BLa80, as an adjunct treatment for diarrhea in children with a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled study design. Eligible diarrheal children, aged 0–3 years without the need for antibiotic treatment based on clinical diagnosis when recruited, were randomized into the intervention group (IG, n = 58, with probiotic) or the control group (CG, n = 53, placebo). The primary assessment was the duration of diarrhea. Fecal samples were collected for biochemical index measurement, analysis of gut microbiome composition, and prediction of gene family abundances. The total duration of diarrhea in the IG (122.6 ± 13.1 h) was significantly shorter than in the CG (148.4 ± 17.6 h, p < 0.001). More children in the IG showed improvements in diarrhea compared to the CG, both in intention-to-treat analysis (81.7% vs. 40.0%, p < 0.001) and per protocol analysis (84.4% vs 45.3%, p < 0.001). Cathelicidin level in the IG was significantly higher than that in the CG after the intervention (4415.00 ± 1036.93 pg/g vs. 3679.49 ± 871.18 pg/g, p = 0.0175). The intervention led to an increased abundance of Bifidobacterium breve and Collinsella aerofaciens species, higher alpha-diversity (p < 0.05), and enrichment of functional genes in the gut microbiota related to immunity regulation. Administration of BLa80 at a dose of 5 × 109 CFU/day resulted in a shorter duration of diarrhea and alterations in gut microbiome composition and gene functions.

Coutilisation of oral rehydration solution and zinc for treating diarrhoea and its associated factors among under-five children in East Africa: a multilevel robust Poisson regression

ObjectiveThis study aimed to assess the coutilisation of oral rehydration solution (ORS) and zinc for treating diarrhoea and its associated factors among under-5 children in East Africa.DesignCross-sectional study design. Multilevel...

The value of promoting standardized diagnosis and treatment technology for childhood diarrheal diseases within county medical communities

Objective: To investigate the clinical value of promoting standardized diagnosis and treatment techniques for childhood diarrhea in county medical communities. Methods: In January 2022, the “standardized diagnosis and treatment of diarrhea in children” was implemented in the pediatric department of the county medical community. We selected 100 children with diarrhea, categorizing them into the control and experimental groups for the first 6 months and 6 months after implementation, respectively. We compared the rate of doctors’ mastery of standardized diarrheal disease treatment before and after training, the rate of children receiving standardized diarrhea treatment before and after training, the time to symptoms normalization in both groups, treatment cost, and parental satisfaction. Results: After training, physicians achieved a mastery rate of 97.5% in the standardized diarrhea treatment, significantly higher than the 83.75% before training. The rate of children receiving standardized treatment increased to 94% after training, significantly higher than the 79% rate before training. In the experimental group, the time to normalization of diarrhea, vomiting, dehydration, and fever was (2.4±0.7) days, (2.2±0.7) days, (2.3±0.7) days, and (2.2±0.7) days, respectively. These times were significantly shorter than those in the control group, which were (2.6±0.7) days, (2.4±0.7) days, (2.6±0.6) days, and (2.4±0.7) days. The differences were statistically significant (t-values = 4.321, 2.22, 4.264, 2.895, P &lt; 0.05, respectively). The treatment cost for the children in the experimental group was less (CNY 75.8±6.6) than that of the control group (CNY 96.1±12.5), and the difference was statistically significant (t-value 16.141, P &lt; 0.01). The satisfaction rate of the families of the children in the experimental group was 97.00%, significantly higher than the 85.00% satisfaction rate in the control group (χ2=11.234, P = 0.004). Conclusion: Promoting standardized diagnosis and treatment technologies for childhood diarrheal within county medical communities has clinical value, improving efficacy in children while reducing treatment costs and increasing parental satisfaction.

Multilevel analysis of factors associated with untreated diarrhea among under five children in Ethiopia using Ethiopian demographic and health survey

Diarrhea refers to the abrupt onset of three or more loose or liquid stools per day. It is the second leading cause of death in infants worldwide. It is an endemic disease and continues to be a serious threat to children in Ethiopia. Despite being a condition that may be prevented, diarrhea can have a negative impact on a child's health. Also, studies have not been able to explore the role of socio-economic characteristics in hindering the treatment. Therefore, this study aimed to explore socio-economic factors that influence treatment of childhood diarrhea. Secondary data analysis was conducted based on the demographic and health surveys data conducted in Ethiopia. A total weighted sample of 1227 under-five children was included for this study. Mixed-effect binary logistic regression analysis was done to identify associated factors of untreated diarrhea. Adjusted Odds Ratio with 95% CI was used to declare the strength and significance of the association. Prevalence of untreated diarrhea among under five children in Ethiopia was 57.32% (95% CI 54.52–60.06%). In the mixed-effect analysis; Children aged 6–11, 12–23, and 24–35 (AOR 0.384, 95% CI 0.187–0.789), 71% (AOR 0.29, 95% CI 0.149–0.596), and 51% (AOR 0.49, 95% CI 0.238–0.995). Children from family number six and above (AOR 1.635, 95% CI 1.102–2.426). Children from middle wealth of family (AOR 1.886, 95% CI 1.170–3.3040). Children from a community with high level of uneducated (AOR 2.78, 95% CI 1.065–3.442) were significantly associated with untreated diarrhea. The prevalence of untreated diarrhea among under-five children in Ethiopia is high. Age of child, family number, household wealth, and community-level educational status were significantly associated with untreated diarrhea among under-five children in Ethiopia. Hence, increasing community educational status, boosting the economic status of the community, and family planning for the community should get due attention.

The Homoeopathic Approach for Treatment of Diarrhoea in Children

The Homoeopathic Approach for Treatment of Diarrhoea in Children

Molecular Detection of &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;E. coli&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; O157:H&amp;lt;sub&amp;gt;7&amp;lt;/sub&amp;gt; Isolated from Infants Diarrheal Stools and Its Sensitivity to &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Mangifera indica&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; (Mango) and &amp;lt;i&amp;gt;Bosweilia dalzeilii&amp;lt;/i&amp;gt; (Hano) Extracts

<i>M. indica and</i> <i>B. dalzeilii </i>are common medicinal plants grown naturally in most parts of tropical and subtropical regions of Northern Nigeria. They are used traditionally in the treatment of diarrhea in children especially at teething age. This study was conducted to detect, isolate and identify E. coli O157:H₇ from diarrheal stools of children and evaluate antibacterial activities of M<i>. indica</i> and <i>B. dalzielii </i>extracts against the test bacteria. Total number of one hundred (100) samples were collected from Children Clinic of General Hospital Gusau, Zamfara State Nigeria using standard microbiological procedure. <i>E. coli</i> O157:H₇ is an important pathogens of human, implicated as one of the important causative agents of diarrhea in children especially at teething ages. The test organism was detected, isolated and identified using Cultural Growth Characteristics, Gram reactions, Serology, Biochemical tests and Molecular screenings. The sample plants extracts were obtained using Soxhlex Apparatus with Methanol as solvent. Phytochemical screening of the plants extracts revealed the presence of Alkaloids, Flavoids, Tannins and Saponnins. Antibacterial activities of the aqueous methanolic extracts of the test plants against <i>E. coli</i> O157:H₇ was evaluated using Sensitivity Tests, Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) and Minimum Bactericidal concentration (MBC). The most active phytochemical compounds was obtained by fractionation using Chromatography. Chemical structure of the most active phytochemical was elucidated using Nuclear Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy. Confirmation of antibacterial activities of the test plants, lend credence to the traditional used of those plants in the treatment of diarrhea in children especially at teething ages. It is therefore recommended that, <i>M. indica </i>and <i>B. dalzeilii</i> can be further purified to yield templates for synthesis of Orthodox drugs for the treatment of diarrhea in children.

Impact of community health interventions on maternal and child health indicators in the upper east region of Ghana

BackgroundThis paper reports on results of a health system strengthening implementation research initiative conducted the Upper East Region of northern Ghana. Transformative interventions to accelerate and strengthen the health delivery were implemented that included empowering community leaders and members to actively participate in health delivery, strengthening the referral systems through the provision of community transport systems, providing basic medical equipment to community clinics, and improving the skills of critical health staff through training.MethodsA mixed method design was used to evaluate the impact of the interventions. A quantitative evaluation employed a flexible research design to test the effects of various component activities of the project. To assess impact, a pre-versus–post randomized cluster survey design was used. Qualitative research was conducted with focus group data and individual in depth interviews to gauge the views of various stakeholders associated with the implementation process.ResultsAfter intervention, significant improvements in key maternal and child health indicators such as antenatal and postnatal care coverage were observed and increases in the proportion of deliveries occurring in health facilities and assisted by skilled health personnel relative to pre-intervention conditions. There was also increased uptake of oral rehydration salts (ORS) for treatment of childhood diarrhoea, as well as marked reductions in the incidence of upper respiratory infections (URI).ConclusionsA pre-and post-evaluation of impact suggests that the programme had a strong positive impact on the functioning of primary health care. Findings are consistent with the proposition that the coverage and content of the Ghana Community-based Health Planning and Services programme was improved by program interventions and induced discernable changes in key indicators of health system performance.

Prevalence, Clinical Severity, and Seasonality of Adenovirus 40/41, Astrovirus, Sapovirus, and Rotavirus Among Young Children With Moderate-to-Severe Diarrhea: Results From the Vaccine Impact on Diarrhea in Africa (VIDA) Study

While rotavirus causes severe diarrheal disease in children aged <5 years, data on other viral causes in sub-Saharan Africa are limited. In the Vaccine Impact on Diarrhea in Africa study (2015-2018), we analyzed stool from children aged 0-59 months with moderate-to-severe diarrhea (MSD) and without diarrhea (controls) in Kenya, Mali, and The Gambia using quantitative polymerase chain reaction. We derived the attributable fraction (AFe) based on the association between MSD and the pathogen, accounting for other pathogens, site, and age. A pathogen was attributable if the AFe was ≥0.5.The severity of attributable MSD was defined by a modified Vesikari score (mVS). Monthly cases were plotted against temperature and rainfall to assess seasonality. Among 4840 MSD cases, proportions attributed to rotavirus, adenovirus 40/41, astrovirus, and sapovirus were 12.6%, 2.7%, 2.9%, and 1.9%, respectively. Attributable rotavirus, adenovirus 40/41, and astrovirus MSD cases occurred at all sites, with mVS of 11, 10, and 7, respectively. MSD cases attributable to sapovirus occurred in Kenya, with mVS of 9. Astrovirus and adenovirus 40/41 peaked during the rainy season in The Gambia, while rotavirus peaked during the dry season in Mali and The Gambia. In sub-Saharan Africa, rotavirus was the most common cause of MSD; adenovirus 40/41, astrovirus, and sapovirus contributed to a lesser extent among children aged <5 years. Rotavirus- and adenovirus 40/41-attributable MSD were most severe. Seasonality varied by pathogen and location. Efforts to increase the coverage of rotavirus vaccines and to improve prevention and treatment for childhood diarrhea should continue.

Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of Syrian Mothers' Towards Diarrhea Management and Prevention Among Under-Five Children: A Cross Sectional Study from Syria

Background: Diarrhea kills more than 2,000 children worldwide and over 1.3 million annually. There is still a gap in home management knowledge, attitude, and excellent practice of diarrheal illness.This research aims to understand mothers' knowledge, attitudes, and behaviours about diarrhoea in children under the age of five in Syria to minimize the number of fatalities and enhance the efficacy and efficiency of treatment. Methods: From the 8th to the 18th of September 2022, a cross-sectional online survey was done in Syria. The questionnaire was modified based on prior research that used a thorough, validated scale. Mothers having at least one child under the age of five and Syrian nationalities from all Syrian governorates were eligible to participate in the study. Four components make up the questionnaire. In the first section, information regarding the participants' demographics was provided. In the second section, mothers were tested on their knowledge of diarrhoea. Mothers' actual attitudes regarding preventing and treating diarrhoea were also analyzed. Results: 49.9% of the 996 participants were between the ages of 25 and 34, while 62.6% of the children were between the ages of 26 and 59 months. 46.2 percent of participants had a Bachelor's degree. 82.4 % of moms classified diarrhoea as the frequent passage of watery stools (3 or more times). 53.7 percent of respondents had used ORS; however, only 33.7% said they knew how to prepare it. Mothers with children aged 25–59 months were more informed about the prevention and home-based treatment of diarrhoea in their children (mean=6.07, SD= 2.36) than those aged 35–44 (mean=6.16, SD= 2.36). Mothers' excellent economic status was associated with greater diarrhoea management knowledge (mean=6.5, standard deviation = 2.50). (Mean = 7.28, Standard Deviation = 2.50) Mothers with a high school diploma or above had more understanding of diarrhoea management than those with a lower level of education. 28.7% of mothers with children between 25 and 59 months exhibited excellent knowledge of prevention and home-based treatment of diarrhoea. 43.4% of mothers with a bachelor's degree or more showed a positive attitude toward diarrhoea management. Only 6.3% of moms with a low socioeconomic position have shown appropriate diarrhoea control practices. Three out of six predictor factors were substantially connected with mothers' attitudes about diarrhoea management, including the age of the child, the mother's employment, and her level of education (P0.05). Two of the six predictor factors were substantially connected with mothers' practice of diarrhoea control, including the mother's employment and socioeconomic position (P0.05). Women with higher socioeconomic status are expected to perform diarrhoea treatment 1.69 times more often than those with a lower socioeconomic status. Conclusion: We indicated that mothers' beliefs and actions about the prevention and home management of diarrheal illnesses in children younger than five were inadequate. Therefore, it is important to plan and execute health education, information distribution, and community discourse to improve the prevention and treatment of diarrhea in children under five.

Knowledge, attitude and practices of community health workers on managing and preventing childhood malaria and diarrhea in Fako Division, South West Region, Cameroon; A mixed method study.

In developing countries, childhood malaria and diarrhea are among the 5 leading causes of death among children under five years; the use of community health workers (CHWs) to manage these diseases has shown some degree of success. A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted to assess knowledge, attitude and practices (KAP) of CHWs on the management and prevention of childhood malaria and diarrhea in Fako Division, South-West Region, Cameroon. A pretested questionnaire was administered to eighty CHWs in Fako Division. Three focus group discussions (FGDs) were conducted with 29 CHWs. The Chi-Square and Spearman Correlation tests were used to investigate the association between socio-demographic characteristics with CHWs' KAP on childhood malaria and diarrhea management and prevention. A total of 52.5% of the participants had good knowledge, negative attitudes (65.0%), and carried out poor practices (60.0%) on the management and prevention of childhood malaria. Up to 8.75% CHWs did not know the first-line antimalarial drug used in Cameroon. More than half (57.5%) of participants had poor knowledge, 70.0% had a negative attitude and 82.25% carried out good practices on the management and prevention of childhood diarrhea. 47.6% of CHWs used a mixture of guava leaves and 'masepo' (Ocimum gratissimum) as treatment for childhood diarrhea. Level of education (p = 0.028) and Health District (p = 0.026) were significantly associated with practices on management and prevention of childhood diarrhea. CHWs had inadequate knowledge, poor attitude, and practices on childhood malaria management. Even though a majority of CHWs carried out good practices for diarrhea management, their knowledge and attitude were poor. Therefore, there is a need for training to improve CHWs' knowledge, attitude and practices on childhood malaria and diarrhea management.

A Community's Knowledge and Attitude in Recognizing Symptoms and Diarrhea Management in Children

Background: Diarrhea is the world's second-biggest cause of death among children. Children suffer from severe dehydration due to the lack of understanding of treating diarrhea properly. Objective: This study aimed to assess the level of community knowledge and attitudes toward the treatment of diarrhea in children. Methods: This was an observational, cross-sectional study conducted in a community in Gresik, Indonesia, in 2019. A Likert scale questionnaire, consisting of 10 items on knowledge and five on community attitudes on diarrhea management in children, was used to collect data. Results: One hundred and seven participants responded to the survey, and 89.72% were women. 'Respondents' mean age was 41.84 ± 11.27 years with various levels of education. It was found that the community had good knowledge of diarrhea management in children, as shown by the finding that 84.11% of the participants provided the correct answers. About 87.85% of the participants were aware of the signs and symptoms of diarrhea in children. However, there is still a shortage of understanding about managing diarrhea properly, particularly when identifying the necessary medicine. About 89.72% of the participants demonstrated a "positive" attitude in diarrhea management, while approximately 78.51% agreed that children with diarrhea should be given oral rehydration. Conclusion: The knowledge about recognizing signs and symptoms of diarrhea in children was good, while the knowledge about diarrhea management needed to be improved. Overall, the respondents had a positive attitude about diarrhea management in children.

Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Mothers on Management of Childhood Diarrhoea Among Children Under Five Years in Al Mukalla City/ Yemen- 2022

Background: Good knowledge, attitude and practices of caregivers is pivotal to protection, prevention and treatment of childhood diarrhoea, hence reduce mortality thereof. Objective: Our aim in this study was to determine the level of knowledge, attitudes and practices of mothers on management of childhood diarrhoea among children less than 5 years in Al Mukalla City/ Hadhramout- Yemen. Methods: Al Mukalla, Hadhramout Governorate/Yemen is the site of a cross-sectional study that was done with the help of the local population in both urban and rural settings. The 581 women whose children were younger than 5 years old were chosen at random. Information was gathered through the use of a standardised questionnaire. SPSS Statistical Package was used for the data analysis. Results: Among 581 mothers, 58% of urban mothers knew about the meaning of diarrhoea and 66.7% of rural mothers knew that continuous vomiting is one symptoms of diarrhoea. There was 68.7% of mothers did not agree that immunization can prevent diarrhoea and given ORS during repeating vomiting or diarrhoea episode (86.8%). Around 88% of mothers continued to breastfeed their children during the diarrhoea. Mothers in urban (AOR 1.008; 95% CI 0.901- 3.104) and rural (AOR 1.906; 95% CI 0.995- 9.025) at age 30-39 years old were more likely to know about diarrhoea than mothers at age &gt;40 years. The age had significant influence in increasing the knowledge about diarrhoea (urban p= 0.001, rural p= 0.001), while mothers with good and fair knowledge were more likely to have good practice of diarrhoea than poor knowledge in both areas. Conclusion: Mother’s knowledge and practice about diarrhoea and its management with ORS was poor among the rural areas, related on their knowledge pertaining to vital issues as danger signs of dehydration, enhanced maternal knowledge would have a positive effect on their treatment of diarrhoea in children. Keywords: Diarrhoea, ORS, Knowledge, attitude, and practice.

Traditional Chinese Medicine Moxibustion in the Treatment of Infantile Diarrhea.

The main contribution of this research paper is to summarize the results of Meta-analysis of moxibustion in the treatment of infantile diarrhea which is one the common disease and requires considerable attention from the research community and funding organizations. In order to verify that the proposed scheme has merits, a comprehensive searching methodology was adopted by considering various databases such as China Biomedical Literature Database (CBM), China National Knowledge Network Infrastructure (CNKI), Wanfang Database, Pub Med Database, Google Academic, and Cochrane Library. It is important to note that a powerful computer has been utilized to carry out this searching. Finally, only those literature contents are selected which meet the inclusion criteria. Likewise, exclusion criteria was used to exclude irrelevant contents of the literature. RevMan 5.3 was used to analyze the collected data and after reading the titles and abstracts, 29 well-designed studies were selected. Through searching the full text, reading literature, and quality evaluation, 17 papers were finally included. Response rates were reported in all 17 studies, and subgroup analysis was performed based on whether or not other therapies were combined. 7 studies compared the effectiveness of simple moxibustion and conventional therapy in the treatment of infantile diarrhea, and the results showed statistically significant differences [OR = 4.01, 95% CI (2.03, 7.84), P < 0.0001]; 10 studies compared the effectiveness of moxibustion combined with other therapies and conventional therapies in the treatment of diarrhea in children, and the results showed that the difference had general meaning [OR = 4.45, 95% CI (2.83, 7.10), P < 0.00001]. The funnel plot (in Figure) showed that the distribution of included studies was asymmetrical on both sides of the baseline, which could be considered as publication bias. Traditional Chinese medicine moxibustion could effectively relieve the symptoms of infantile diarrhea, and the effect was significant.

The Efficacy and Safety of Enkephalinase Inhibitor Racecadotril in Treatment of Acute Diarrhea in Children: A Randomized Clinical Trial

Background: Acute diarrhea in children with an annual prevalence of about 2 billion episodes accounts for 1.9 million deaths in developing countries. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), only 35% of children with diarrhea receive proper treatment for dehydration; hence, the detection of appropriate interventions enables us to prevent mortality and decrease the morbidity rate. Methods: This prospective randomized clinical trial was conducted from September 2018 to May 2019 in the Pediatric Gastroenterology Ward at the Mofid Children's Hospital, where 95 children were hospitalized with non-exudative acute gastroenteritis and moderate to severe dehydration. Among these patients, 53 children were administered intravenous (IV) fluid therapy and oral rehydration solution (ORS), and 42 children received IV rehydration and ORS plus Racecadotril (ORS+R). Daily bowel movements and their consistency were recorded at admission, 24 hours, and 48 hours after hospitalization. All data were analyzed by SPSS software version 25. Results: There was no statistically meaningful difference between the intervention and control groups in terms of age, gender, and weight. According to the statistical analysis, the dehydration severity was same in both groups, and no difference was revealed between the two groups regarding fever and vomiting. All laboratory findings were similar in both groups at the time of admission. Although the average duration of diarrhea was shorter in the racecadotril group than in the control group, there was no statistically significant difference between the two groups. The results indicated a rapid decline in the number of bowel movements by the first and second days after beginning of the treatment in both groups; however, no statistically meaningful difference was noticed. The present results indicated no significant difference between the two groups regarding the recovery rate in the first 24 hours of treatment. Moreover, although the recovery rate of children treated for 48 hours was faster in the racecadotril+ORS group than in the oral rehydration group, no significant difference was revealed. Conclusions: There was no meaningful relationship between the administration of racecadotril with the duration of diarrhea, the frequency of diarrhea, and the recovery rate in the first and second days after treatment. However, in 24 and 48 hours after treatment, there were a decrease in the number of watery stools and an increase in solid stools; hence, further studies with larger sample sizes and more accurate measurements determining factors affecting acute diarrhea and differentiating different types of diarrhea are recommended to further illustrate the role of racecadotril on the treatment of diarrhea in children.

The efficacy of fermented foods in the treatment and management of diarrhoeal diseases: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Diarrhoeal disease is a major cause of global infant mortality, and compromises the ability of many countries with respect to achieving sustainable development goals. The WHO's recommendation of Oral Rehydration Solution (ORS) and zinc in the management of this disease, may not be readily available. Consideration and assessment of cultural practices in its management has been an area of increased interest over the last decade. Aim: This study aims to systematically evaluate efficacy of the consumption of traditional fermented foods as functional products for the treatment and management of diarrhoea. Methods: Following PRISMA guidelines, a systematic review was conducted of electronic databases (Cochrane Library, Ovid Medline and Pubmed) databases with no restrictions on language and publication date for RCTs that investigated the effect of consumption of fermented foods on the treatment of diarrhoea in children under five years of age. Results: Seven RCTs were included. Meta-analysis showed that compared to control, consumption of fermented foods significantly reduced mean duration of diarrhoea, -0.61 days; (95% CI, -1.04, -0.18); length of hospitalization, -0.35 days (95% CI, -0.69, -0.02); but not mean daily frequency of stool -2.00 (95% CI,-7.03, 3.04). Conclusion: Limited available evidence suggests that consumption of fermented foods may help reduce duration and severity of symptoms as a treatment of diarrhoea. More high quality research needs to be undertaken to investigate the efficacy of fermented food as an effective alternative to ORS as a potential WHO recommendation for management of diarrhoeal disease.

Variety of effects of silicon dioxide colloid in the treatment of antibiotic-associated diarrhea in children

Antibiotic-associated diarrhea (AAD) is a key aspect of pediatrics concerning antibiotic therapy Purpose. The article aims at investigating the effects of colloidal silicon dioxide in the treatment of antibiotic-associated diarrhea in children. Materials and methods. Using parametric and nonparametric methods of analysis, 83 patients were examined (treatment group — 41 children who used colloidal silicon dioxide and the control group — 42 children) of both sexes (mean age (13.7 ± 2.6) years) with pathology of the lower respiratory tract (acute bronchitis or community-acquired pneumonia), who developed AAD against the background of ABT. Results. When using colloidal silicon dioxide in 75.6% of children, diarrhea decreased by the 2nd day and stopped by the 4th day (median — 0 points). Against the background of taking the drug throughout the treatment, there was a marked 3-fold decrease in all AAD values. The assessment of the efficacy and safety of the drug according to the data of medical researchers was 3.4 points. Analysis of subjective data on the tolerability of the drug showed «excellent» and «good». Against the background of the full course of treatment with colloidal silicon dioxide, a 2 times more pronounced decrease in the characteristics of AAD was noted. Conclusion. The presented data are intended to focus the attention of pediatricians on the rational use of ABT, timely diagnosis of an unwanted drug reaction in the form of AAD and its correction. The studied drug showed high efficacy and safety, which makes it possible to recommend it as a symptomatic treatment of diarrhea that developed against the background of ABT treatment in the complex therapy of diseases of the lower respiratory tract in children.

Clinical effects of Saccharomyces boulardii combined with aluminum phosphate in treatment of acute antibiotic-associated diarrhea in children

Clinical effects of <i>Saccharomyces boulardii</i> combined with aluminum phosphate in treatment of acute antibiotic-associated diarrhea in children

Evaluating the cost utility of racecadotril in addition to oral rehydration solution versus oral rehydration solution alone for children with acute watery diarrhea in four low middle-income countries: Egypt, Morocco, Philippines and Vietnam

Aim To evaluate the cost utility of adjunct racecadotril and oral rehydration solution (R + ORS) versus oral rehydration solution (ORS) alone for the treatment of diarrhoea in children under five years with acute watery diarrhoea in four low-middle income countries. Method A cost utility model, previously developed and independently validated, has been adapted to Egypt, Morocco, Philippines and Vietnam. The model is a decision tree, cohort model programmed in Microsoft Excel. The model structure represents the country-specific clinical pathways. The target population is children under the age of five years presenting with symptoms of acute watery diarrhea to an outpatient clinic or general physician practice. A healthcare payer perspective has been analysed with the model parameterised with local data, where available. Most recent cost data has been used to inform the drug, outpatient and inpatient costs. Uncertainty has been explored with univariate deterministic sensitivity. Results According to the base case models, R + ORS is dominant (cost-saving, more effective) versus ORS alone in Egypt, Morocco, Philippines and Vietnam. The incremental cost-effectiveness ratios in each country fall in the southeast (cost-saving, more effective) quadrant and represent a cost savings of −304,152 EGP per QALY gain in Egypt; −6,561 MAD per QALY gain in Morocco; −428,612 PHP per QALY gain in Philippines and −113,985,734 VND per QALY gain in Vietnam. Univariate deterministic sensitivity analysis shows that the three most influential parameters across all country adaptations are the utility of children without diarrhea; the utility of inpatient children with diarrhea and the cost of one night of inpatient care. Conclusion In keeping with similar findings in upper-middle and high-income countries, the cost utility of R + ORS versus ORS is favourable in low-middle income countries for the treatment of children under five with acute watery diarrhoea.

Ефективність препарату Новірин у дітей із вірусними діареями

Стаття присвячена питанням лікування вірусних діарей. Основним напрямком лікування гострих кишкових інфекцій вірусної етіології є застосування регідратації та засобів симптоматичної терапії. Також даними досліджень неодноразово підтверджена ефективність противірусних засобів. Останніми роками при лікуванні захворювань вірусної етіології у дітей успішно використовується інозин пранобекс, противірусний засіб з імуномодулюючими властивостями. У наведеному авторами дослідженні продемонстрована ефективність препарату Новірин (інозин пранобекс) при лікуванні вірусних діарей у дітей: призначення Новірину дозволило припинити діарею в перші 5 днів від початку лікування у вірогідно більшого числа дітей (80 %) порівняно з контрольною групою (43 %).