Treatment Of Depression Research Articles

Uncovering the effects and mechanisms of tea and its components on depression, anxiety, and sleep disorders: A comprehensive review

Depression, anxiety and sleep disorders are prevalent psychiatric conditions worldwide, significantly impacting the physical and mental well-being of individuals. The treatment of these conditions poses various challenges, including limited efficacy and potential side effects. Tea, a globally recognized healthful beverage, contains a variety of active compounds. Studies have shown that consuming tea or ingesting its certain active ingredients have a beneficial impact on the mental health issues mentioned above. While the effects of tea on physical health are well-documented, there remains a gap in our systematic understanding of its impact on mental health. This article offers a thorough overview of animal, clinical, and epidemiological studies examining tea and its components in the treatment of depression, anxiety, and sleep disorders, and summarizes the associated molecular mechanisms. The active ingredients in tea, including L-theanine, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), arginine, catechins, theaflavins, caffeine, theacrine, and several volatile compounds, may help improve depression, anxiety, and sleep disorders. The underlying molecular mechanisms involve the regulation of neurotransmitters, including monoamines, GABA, and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF), as well as the suppression of oxidative stress and inflammation. Additionally, these ingredients may influence the microbiota-gut-brain (MGB) axis and the hypothalamic–pituitary–adrenal (HPA) axis. This review provides valuable insights into the effects and mechanisms by which tea and its components regulate depression, anxiety, and sleep disorders, laying the groundwork for further research into relevant mechanisms and the development of tea-based mental health products.

The Mediating Role of Depressive Symptoms and Treatment Burden on Health-Related Quality of Life Among Multimorbid Patients With Hypertension: A Multi-Group Analysis.

Multimorbidity negatively affects health-related quality of life (HRQoL), though the underlying mechanism remained unclear. This study aims to investigate the mediating role of depressive symptoms and multimorbidity treatment burden (MTB) in the association between disease burden and HRQoL in multimorbid patients with hypertension and to determine differences in mediating effects between and within age groups (< 60 years vs. 60 and above). Disease burden, depressive symptoms, MTB, and HRQoL were assessed by self-reported questionnaires. We conducted path analysis with all subjects and multi-group path analyses with two age groups. Results from the path analysis with all subjects (n = 498) showed a significant direct effect of disease burden on HRQoL and a significant indirect effect via depressive symptoms and MTB. No significant differences in mediating effects were found between age groups. However, in the older patients, depressive symptoms had a greater indirect effect than MTB. Our results underscore the importance of addressing both depressive symptoms and MTB in interventions tailored to the patient's age.

Experimental study on the effect of Mongolian medicine warming acupuncture on proBDNF-tPA-BDNF balance in depression rats based on thermal imaging monitoring

Depression is a kind of mental illness affecting the whole world. Its pathological mechanism is complex, involving neurobiological and psychosocial factors.The depression model rats were randomly divided into control group, warm acupuncture group and drug treatment group. In order to evaluate the local thermal effect of warm acupuncture and moxibustion, real-time temperature changes of rat forebrain were monitored by thermal imaging technology. After the experiment, immunohistochemistry and Western blot were used to detect the expression levels of tPA and BDNF in the forebrain of each group of rats, and the relationship between tPA and BDNF was analyzed. The results of thermal imaging monitoring showed that local forebrain temperature in warm acupuncture group was significantly increased compared with control group (p < 0.05). The ratio of tPA to BDNF was significantly improved in the warm acupuncture and moxibustion group, suggesting that warm acupuncture and moxibustion can effectively regulate the balance of TPA-BDNF. The experimental results based on thermal imaging monitoring suggest that warm acupuncture can improve the balance of TPA-BDNF in the forebrain of depressed rats by promoting the expression of BDNF and tPA in the forebrain, which may provide a new method and mechanism basis for the treatment of depression.

An Evaluation of VYC-17.5L for the Treatment of Marionette Lines: A Prospective, Open-Label, Postmarketing Study.

Marionette lines are a feature of the aging face, descending from the oral commissures towards the jaw. VYC-17.5 L is a dermal filler that contains 17.5 mg/mL of hyaluronic acid (HA) and lidocaine (3 mg/mL); it is intended for the treatment of skin depressions. VYC-17.5 L has been shown to be safe and effective in different conditions, but there is a lack of published literature on its effectiveness in marionette lines. This 12-month prospective, open-label, post-marketing study evaluated the effectiveness and safety of the injectable HA filler VYC-17.5 L for the improvement of marionette lines. Adults (≥ 18 years) with mild-to-severe marionette lines on the validated Allergan Marionette Line Scale (AMLS) received VYC-17.5 L on Day 1 with optional touch-up on Day 14. The primary endpoint was proportion of participants with ≥ 1-point change in AMLS from baseline at Month 1 (M1). Secondary endpoints were investigator- and participant-rated Global Aesthetic Improvement Scale (GAIS), FACE-Q satisfaction with facial appearance, and appraisal of lines: marionette. Safety was assessed throughout. A total of 83 participants completed the study; 69.9% of participants had ≥ 1-point change in AMLS at M1. Investigator and participant GAIS showed improvement. Both FACE-Q scores significantly improved from baseline (p < 0.0001). A significant volume improvement was seen and maximized at M1. Most participant-reported injection site reactions were mild or moderate and resolved within 8 days; 14 subjects reported adverse device effects, with the most common being pain, which resolved within 8 days. This prospective, open-label study showed that VYC-17.5 L effectively improved marionette lines and was well tolerated.

Psychotherapeutic treatments for depression in older adults.

This is a protocol for a Cochrane Review (intervention). The objectives are as follows: To assess the benefits and harms of psychotherapeutic interventions in the treatment of older adults with depression and whether the effects of different types of psychotherapeutic treatments vary for older adults with depression.

Effectiveness of acupuncture treatment in post-stroke depression and anxiety disorders: a prospective, randomized, controlled, single-blind study.

Our aim was to examine the effectiveness of acupuncture in post-stroke depression/anxiety disorders and to determine whether it reduces the need for anxiolytic and sedative drug use. This study included 54 stroke patients with depression and/or anxiety disorder. Patients were randomly assigned to the acupuncture treatment group (n = 27) or the control group (n = 27). A conventional rehabilitation program was applied to all patients and acupuncture was performed twice a week for 4 weeks. Patients were evaluated blindly by a psychiatrist at baseline (week 0), week 4 and week 8, using the Hamilton depression rating scale (HAM-D) and Hamilton anxiety rating scale (HAM-A), and drug doses were adjusted when necessary. The HAM-D and HAM-A scores at week 4 were pre-specified as the two primary outcome measures. Within each group, there was a significant decrease in the mean scores of HAM-D and HAM-A at weeks 4 and 8. No between-group differences in HAM-A or HAM-D scores were seen at 4 weeks but there was a significant decrease in HAM-D scores in favor of the acupuncture group at week 8 (p < 0.025). At week 4, the number of cases whose selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) dose was increased was found to be significantly higher in the control group. While the study was negative with respect to its primary outcomes, the findings with respect to certain secondary outcomes suggests further research is warranted to determine if acupuncture treatment is an effective/safe treatment to alleviate post-stroke depression/anxiety. NCT04283591 (ClinicalTrials.gov).

Understanding Silent Eruptions of Depression among Youngsters and Adolescents

A calm insanity of any kind was included in the original broad definition of melancholia along with the present idea of affective illnesses, which today views mood as the primary disturbance, the term depression first appeared in the nineteenth century. A very complicated mental illness, major depressive disorder (MDD) is commonly referred to as depression. It is marked by a depressed mood, diminished interests, and disinterest in routine tasks, feelings of loneliness, impaired cognitive function, and vegetative symptoms like disturbed sleep or appetite and a lack of desire. Research illustrating the frequency of depression in kids and teens reveals that a sizable portion of kids in both age groups experience symptoms of despair. According to the analysis, there are no differences between the adult and child depression constructs in terms of mental classifications, and a comprehensive understanding of depression. Considering the child's developmental stage and cognitive and linguistic abilities, children with MDD share many of the same key characteristics as adults and adolescents. Research on the general population is the only source of information on many significant issues regarding depression in young people. Teens suffering from mental illnesses are a vulnerable population that requires more care. It takes equilibrium between feelings, ideas, and behavior to maintain mental health. An important source of morbidity and death in children and adolescents is depression disorders, which are frequent and repeated illnesses. Adult psychopathology has been linked to early trauma in the form of physical or sexual abuse experienced as a kid. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are commonly prescribed as the initial treatment for depression in children and adolescents. Fluoxetine offers the strongest safety and effectiveness data when compared to other antidepressants, especially when used in teenagers who are 12 years of age or older. Adolescents' self-reports of attachment anxiety and avoidance can be effectively addressed through Interpersonal Psychotherapy for Adolescents (IPT-A). This therapy appears particularly beneficial for those exhibiting high levels of avoidant attachment. The study highlights that attachment anxiety and avoidance are modifiable during adolescence and can be viable treatment targets. IPT-A has proven effective in treating attachment-related issues, with reductions in attachment anxiety and avoidance correlating with decreases in depressive symptoms. This supports the use of IPT-A for depressed adolescents struggling with attachment security, especially those with an avoidant attachment style who tend to shy away from intimacy. Keywords Depression, Adolescents, Youngsters, Child maltreatment, Suicide, Abuse, Fluoxetine

Synthesis of 1,2,4-Oxadiazin-5(6H)-One Derivatives and Their Biological Investigation as Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitors

Monoamine oxidase (MAO) plays a key role in the pathogenesis of central nervous system disorders, and MAO inhibitors have been used in the treatment of depression and Parkinson’s disease. In the search for new classes of MAO inhibitors, the present study investigated a series of 1,2,4-oxadiazin-5(6H)-one derivatives. This study provides the first optimization of the reaction conditions for the condensation of amidoximes with alkyl 2-halocarboxylates to yield the desired 1,2,4-oxadiazin-5(6H)-ones. The results of the in vitro MAO inhibition studies showed that the 1,2,4-oxadiazin-5(6H)-ones were indeed inhibitors of human MAO with the most potent inhibition observed for 5f (IC50 = 0.900 µM) and 7c (IC50 = 0.371 µM). It was concluded that, with appropriate substitution, 1,2,4-oxadiazin-5(6H)-one derivatives would act as good potency MAO-B inhibitors and lead compounds for the development of antiparkinsonian drugs. In Parkinson’s disease, MAO-B inhibitors enhance central dopamine levels and reduce MAO-mediated production of hydrogen peroxide and resultant oxidative injury. This study represents one of few works to investigate synthetic approaches and biological activities of the 1,2,4-oxadiazin-5(6H)-one class of heterocycles.

Safety pharmacology of acute mescaline administration in healthy participants.

Psychedelics, including mescaline, may serve as novel treatments for depression and anxiety. However, data is scarce on the safety of mescaline. The present pooled analysis included two double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled studies with a total of 48 participants and 96 mescaline administrations. Single oral-dose administrations (n = 16/dose) of mescaline at doses of 100-800 mg were used. Acute subjective and autonomic effects and acute and subacute adverse effects were recorded. Liver and kidney function, blood cell counts, and "flashbacks" were documented at the end of the studies. Positive subjective effects dose-dependently increased and were higher than negative subjective effects for all mescaline doses. Autonomic effects increased moderately. Systolic blood pressure remained < 180 mmHg in all participants. Of all mescaline administrations, diastolic blood pressure > 100 mmHg was measured in 6%, heart rate > 100 beats/min was measured in 3% and body temperature > 38 °C was measured in 5%. The total number of acute adverse effects was 51, 12, 179, 143, 165 and 180 at 100, 200, 300, 400, 500 and 800 mg doses of mescaline, respectively. Nausea was dose-limiting. Kidney and liver function and blood cell counts remained normal. "Flashbacks" were reported after 2% of all mescaline administrations. These findings suggest that the administration of single mescaline doses up to 800 mg are safe in a controlled clinical setting with regard to acute psychological and physical harm in healthy participants.

Association of the neutrophil-to-platelet ratio with response to electroconvulsive therapy in adolescents with major depressive disorder

BackgroundMajor depressive disorder (MDD) is one of the most serious mental disorders affecting adolescents worldwide. Electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) is widely acknowledged as a first-line treatment for severe depression, but the clinical response varies. Neutrophils and platelets are both related to the progression of MDD. The aim of this study was to investigate the correlation between the neutrophil-to-platelet ratio (NPR) during the acute phase and the effectiveness of ECT treatment.MethodsA total of 138 adolescent MDD patients who received ECT were included in the study. Neutrophil and platelet levels were obtained upon admission. At the same time, treatment response was the primary outcome measure, defined as a reduction of ≥ 50% in the HAMD-17 score from baseline to treatment endpoint, and the secondary outcome measure was remission of depression, defined as a HAMD-17 score ≤ 7.ResultsAfter receiving ECT, 103(74.6%) of all patients responded to treatment and 72(52.2%) achieved remission. Non-responders/non-remitters to ECT tended to have higher levels of NPR at baseline compared to ECT responders/remitters [Non-responder: 3.4 (2.5-4.8) vs 2.7 (2.2-3.5), P = 0.002; Non-remitter: 0.014 (0.011-0.017) vs 0.011 (0.008-0.015), P = 0.03]. In multiple logistic regression, high NPR (≥ 0.014) remained independently associated with ECT non-response/non-remission after adjusting for confounding factors [Non-responder: OR = 4.911, 95% CI (2.052 - 11.754), P &amp;lt; 0.001; Non-remitter: OR = 2.704, 95% CI (1.262 - 5.796), P = 0.011].ConclusionHigh NPR correlates with poor ECT efficacy in adolescents with MDD, particularly among female and overweight patients.

Therapeutic potential and mechanisms of stem cells in major depressive disorder: a comprehensive review

Depression is a common affective disorder characterized by persistent low mood, diminished interest or pleasure in normally enjoyable activities, disturbances in sleep patterns, and suicidal ideation. Conventional treatments often yield unsatisfactory results and are associated with several adverse effects. However, emerging literature has highlighted the potential of stem cell (SC) transplantation as a promising avenue for treating depression owing to its favorable anti-inflammatory and neurotrophic properties. This review summarizes the therapeutic effects and underlying mechanisms associated with SC transplantation in depression, offering a conceptual framework for the future application of SCs in the clinical treatment of depression.

Combining Network Pharmacology and Transcriptomic Strategies to Explore the Pharmacological Mechanism of Total Ginsenoside Ginseng Root and Its Impact on Antidepressant Effects

Depression is one of the most common neurological diseases, which imposes a substantial social and economic burden on modern society. The purpose of this study was to explore the mechanism of total ginsenoside ginseng root (TGGR) in the treatment of depression through a comprehensive strategy combining network pharmacology, transcriptomics, and in vivo experimental validation. The Traditional Chinese Medicine Systematic Pharmacology (TCMSP) database and literature were used to collect the main components and targets of TGGR. Gene Ontology (GO) and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analyses were applied to explore the underlying mechanisms. In addition, the chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS)-induced C57BL/6 mouse model was used to evaluate the antidepressant activity of TGGR. The results showed that TGGR improved depression-like behavior in mice and increased the decrease in serum 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) and brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels caused by CUMS. Combined network pharmacology and transcriptomic analysis showed that the AMP-activated kinase (AMPK) signaling pathway mainly enriched the core target. Immunohistochemistry, Western blotting, and reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) were used to confirm whether TGGR exerts antidepressant effects by regulating this pathway. The results showed that TGGR has a regulatory impact on related proteins in the AMPK pathway, and the regulatory effect of TGGR on proteins was inhibited after the administration of related pathway inhibitors. In summary, total ginsenosides may regulate the AMPK signaling pathway and activate the sirtuin 1 (SIRT1) peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1-alpha (PGC-1α) pathway to have therapeutic effects on depression.

Ocular Side Effects of Medications for Anxiety, Depression, and Stress: A Review

Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has led to a global rise in mental health disorders, prompting increased usage of psychotropic medications. This study examines the ocular side effects associated with these medications in patients diagnosed with anxiety, depression, and stress-related disorders. Methods: A total of 100 patients were enrolled in this one-year study conducted at ESIC Medical College &amp; Hospital, Bihta, Patna. Ocular evaluations were performed to assess the prevalence of dry eye disease (DED), mydriasis, elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), and other ocular complications of psychotropic medication use. Results: The study found that 75% of participants exhibited symptoms of dry eye disease, while 50% experienced mydriasis. Elevated intraocular pressure was observed in 15% of the patients. Additionally, 5% of participants developed acute angle-closure glaucoma, highlighting the significant ocular risks associated with psychotropic medication use. Conclusions: The findings indicate a high prevalence of ocular side effects among patients receiving treatment for anxiety and depression with psychotropic medications. Routine ocular assessments and patient education regarding these side effects are essential for improving patient outcomes and quality of life. Further research is needed to explore the long-term implications of these medications on ocular health. Keywords: Ocular Side Effects, Psychotropic Medications, Anxiety Disorders, Depression

Maintenance Intramuscular Ketamine-Assisted Psychotherapy, a Retrospective Chart Review of Efficacy, Adverse Events, and Dropouts from a Community Practice

ABSTRACT The use of ketamine and ketamine-assisted psychotherapy (KAP) for treatment of depression has grown dramatically, though much of these data are short term. The clinical profile of maintenance treatment remains poorly characterized. We assessed maintenance KAP for efficacy, tolerability, and reasons for dropout. This observational study retrospectively analyzed electronic health records from an addiction psychiatry practice offering intramuscular ketamine with contemporaneous psychotherapy for the treatment of depression. All patients receiving treatment between January 2016 and September 2022 were included, yielding 1,114 sessions from 70 patients. The response was quantified via the clinical global impression-severity scale. Side effects and reasons for dropout were extracted from charts. Comorbidities include an anxiety disorder (79%) or substance use disorder (49%). The induction yielded 82% response, maintained above 80% after six months (sessions q21 days, 1.13 mg/kg mean dose). Many (38%) remained in treatment for at least one year. Nausea management accounted for nearly all as-needed medication use. Antihypertensives were seldom utilized. Chronic side effects were notable for one case of ketamine use disorder, resulting in residential treatment. Dropouts cited logistical reasons half the time and side effects only 9.7% of the time. KAP yielded robust improvements in mood, anxiety, and substance use. Maintenance sessions effectively extended benefit and were largely well tolerated.

'The effect of neuropeptide Y1 receptor agonist on hypothalamic neurogenesis in rat experimental depression model'.

Depression is responsible for neuropathies such as decreased neurogenesis and increased dendritic atrophy. There is information that antidepressant treatments have an effect by increasing hippocampal neurogenesis and neurotrophic factor expression. The neuropeptide Y1 (NPY1R) receptor agonist has been suggested to have anxiolytic effects. Based on this information, it was aimed to investigate the effect of NPY1R agonist on depression in rats with depression using the CMS model and to determine how depression affects cell proliferation in the hypothalamus and hypothalamic peptide levels. Forty-eight adult, male Wistar albino rats were divided into groups as Control, Depression (D), Depression + NPY1R and NPY1R. Various stressors were applied to D for 30 days. An open field test (OFT) and forced swim test (FST) were performed to check whether the animals were depressed. On the 16th day, an osmotic mini pump was placed under the skin and NPY1R (130 ul/kg/day) was applied for 15 days. Behavioral tests were performed, hypothalamic peptide gene expression levels were analyzed by quantitative RT-PCR and statistical evaluations were made using ANOVA. A decrease in the percentage of movement in the D and control groups were noted in the OFT, an increase in the immobility time in the D group in the FST, and an increase in swimming behavior in the DNPY1R group. The animals did not display any anxiety behavior based on the elevated plus maze test results. It caused a decrease in IGF1R, FGF2, POMC, NPY and GLUT2 gene expression in the hypothalamus of depression group animals, and an increase in NPY gene expression in NPY1R treatment. This study compellingly demonstrated that exposure to chronic mild stress simultaneously downregulates gene expression in the hypothalamus; we observed that NPY receptor NPY1R treatment increased the effect of NPY. Therefore, adjunctive treatments with appropriate molecules such as NPY, Y1 receptor agonists or pharmacological derivatives may have significant potential in the treatment of depression.

REIKI: A TOOL FOR RELIEF FROM DEPRESSION AND IMPROVING QUALITY OF LIFE IN WOMEN

Objective: to describe the effects of Reiki on the quality of life of women with depressive disorder. Method: descriptive interventional study, of a qualitative nature, with women between 40 and 59 years old and diagnosed with depression. Data were collected between January 2023 and October 2024, and the study was carried out in three stages: sample selection and application of the initial assessment instrument, using the WHOQOL-Bref questionnaire; intervention and final assessment. Qualitative data were evaluated using content analysis as a reference; quantitative data, using descriptive statistics. Results: the categories found were: impact of Reiki on the physical and psychosocial aspects of quality of life with improvement in the average of the psychological domain followed by the environmental domain. Conclusion: Reiki demonstrated a positive effect on quality of life, especially in promoting relaxation and the manifestation of positive feelings, and can be considered as a complementary treatment for depression in women.

A retrospective two-center cohort study of the bidirectional relationship between depression and tinnitus-related distress

BackgroundTinnitus can cause considerable psychological distress among patients, particularly if comorbidities occur. Despite a strong relationship between tinnitus-related distress and depression, the underlying mechanisms represent a long-standing question. By investigating the co-development of tinnitus-related distress and depressiveness throughout therapy, we capture the dynamic interplay of both conditions and uncover underlying common features mediating their link.MethodsLarge datasets from two different day clinics in Germany have been analyzed using a regularization method for predictor selection (analysis 1) and latent growth curve modeling (LCM; analysis 2). Tinnitus-related distress was assessed using the Tinnitus Questionnaire (TQ). All patients have been experiencing chronic subjective tinnitus with a minimum mean severity level of TQ grade 2. Treatment at both day clinics involved tinnitus management according to clinical guidelines with minor idiosyncratic differences. Analysis 1 was performed on a dataset of 500 patients who received the Jena Interdisciplinary Treatment for Tinnitus (JITT) for 5 consecutive days between 2013 and 2017. Analysis 2 was performed on a second dataset, which included 1016 patients treated at the Tinnitus Center of the Charité Universitätsmedizin Berlin for 7 days between 2011 and 2015.ResultsHere, we show a substantial bidirectional relationship between tinnitus-related distress and depression severity while emphasizing the role of somatic symptoms and perceived stress in the experience and maintenance of tinnitus awareness. The LCM provides adequate model fit (CFI = 0.993, SRMR = 0.016).ConclusionsOur results indicate enhanced therapy success in depression when tinnitus-related distress is addressed and vice versa. The combined treatment of tinnitus and depression is proposed for future treatment strategies.

Adverse psychiatric effects of psychedelic drugs: a systematic review of case reports.

Psychedelic drugs are a focus of interest in the treatment of depression and other disorders but there are longstanding concerns about possible adverse psychiatric consequences. Because the relevant literature is largely informal, the seriousness of these risks is difficult to evaluate. Searches were made for case reports of schizophrenia-spectrum, affective or other psychiatric disorders after use of psychedelic drugs. Case reports of flashbacks were also searched for. Individuals with recent use of other drugs (apart from cannabis and alcohol) and/or a previous history of major psychiatric disorder were excluded. Symptoms were tabulated using the Syndrome Check List of the Present State Examination (PSE-9). We found 17 case reports of schizophrenia spectrum disorder, 17 of affective disorder (depression, mania, or both), 3 cases of anxiety, 1 of depersonalization, and 1 of unclassifiable illness. The states could develop after a single use of the drug (5/17 schizophrenia; 6/17 affective disorder), and duration was highly variable. Recovery was the rule in cases of affective disorder but not in schizophrenia spectrum disorder. Twelve of 29 cases of flashbacks showed psychiatric symptomatology definitely outlasting the attacks, mainly anxiety (5 cases) and depression (8 cases). Flashback symptoms resolved within twelve months in approximately half of the cases but in a few persisted for years. Reliable descriptions of schizophrenia spectrum disorder and major affective disorder after psychedelic drug use disorder exist but are relatively uncommon. Flashbacks are sometimes but not always associated with psychiatric symptomatology, mainly anxiety or depression.

Long and short sleep durations can affect cognitive function in older adults through the chain mediation effect of ADL and depression: evidence from CHARLS2018

BackgroundBoth long and short sleep durations may lead to cognitive decline in the elderly individuals, though the underlying mechanisms remain unclear.AimsTo explore the mediating mechanism of activities of daily living and depression on different sleep durations and cognitive function in older Chinese older adults.MethodsThis retrospective study used data from 5,899 older adults who completed the 2018 China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Surveys. We used the PROCESS macro in SPSS to determine the chain mediating effect of ADL and depression on the relationship between different sleep durations and cognitive functions.Results(1) There were significant correlations among sleep duration, ability to perform ADL, depression, and cognitive function. (2) For sleep durations ≤ 7 h/night or > 7 h/night, ADL and depression play a chain mediating role in the relationship between sleep duration and cognitive function.ConclusionsShorter or longer sleep durations were associated with cognitive decline by weakening ADL and worsening depression, which suggests that medical personnel should take action to correct abnormal sleep duration in older adults. Timely treatment of ADL impairment and depression may help prevent cognitive decline.

Interpersonal Psychotherapy for the Treatment of Depression in Parkinson's Disease: Results of a Randomized Controlled Trial.

Depression is a common nonmotor complication in Parkinson's disease (PD). However, few studies have evaluated the efficacy of first-line psychological therapies for depression in this patient population. This randomized controlled trial evaluated the efficacy of interpersonal psychotherapy (IPT), an empirically validated intervention for depression that focuses on the bidirectional relationship between mood disturbance and interpersonal and social stressors. A secondary aim was to assess maintenance of treatment gains at 6-month follow-up. Participants with PD stages I to III and a comorbid depressive disorder were randomly assigned to 12 sessions of IPT (n = 32) or supportive therapy (ST) (n = 31), our active control intervention. The primary outcome was the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) administered blindly by telephone. Secondary outcomes included self-report depression and anxiety, quality of life, clinician-rated motor symptom, interpersonal relationships, and attachment style. IPT compared to ST resulted in a greater reduction in posttreatment HAM-D scores (least square mean difference = -3.77, 95% confidence interval [CI]: -6.19 to -1.34, P = 0.003) and was associated with a greater odds of meeting remission (odds ratio = 3.23, 95% CI: 1.10-9.51, P = 0.034). The advantage of IPT over ST on HAM-D scores and remission rates was not sustained at the 6-month follow-up. Both treatments improved self-report depression, anxiety, quality of life, and aspects of interpersonal functioning. This trial demonstrates the benefits of acute treatment with IPT in reducing depressive symptoms in PD. Clinicians should consider psychotherapy, alone or in combination with medication, as an important treatment option for PD depression. © 2024 The Author(s). Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society.