Effectiveness Of Treatment Research Articles

Topical Anti-Inflammatory Treatments for Eczema: A Cochrane Systematic Review and Network Meta-Analysis.

Eczema is the most burdensome skin condition worldwide and topical anti-inflammatory treatments are commonly used to control symptoms. The relative effectiveness and safety of different topical anti-inflammatory treatments is uncertain. Network meta-analysis performed within a Cochrane systematic review to compare and statistically rank efficacy and safety of topical anti-inflammatory eczema treatments. Cochrane Skin Specialised Register, CENTRAL, MEDLINE, Embase and trial registries to June 2023. Included trials were within-participant or between-participant randomised controlled trials. Participants had eczema that was not clinically infected and was not contact dermatitis, seborrheic eczema or hand eczema. Interventions were topical anti-inflammatory treatments but not complementary treatments, antibiotics alone, wet wraps, phototherapy or systemic treatments. Comparators were no treatment/vehicle or another topical anti-inflammatory. We identified 291 trials (45,846 participants), mainly in high-income countries. Most were industry-funded with median 3 weeks treatment duration. Risk of bias assessed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias 2.0 tool was high in 89% of trials, mainly due to risk of selective reporting. Network meta-analysis of binary outcomes ranked potent and/or very potent topical steroids, tacrolimus 0.1% and ruxolitinib 1.5% among the most effective treatments for improving patient-reported symptoms (40 trials, all low confidence) and clinician-reported signs (32 trials, all moderate confidence). For investigator global assessment, the Janus kinas inhibitors ruxolitinib 1.5%, delgocitinib 0.5% or 0.25%, very potent/potent topical steroids and tacrolimus 0.1% were ranked as most effective (140 trials, all moderate confidence). Continuous outcome data were mixed. Local application site reactions were most common with tacrolimus 0.1% (moderate confidence) and crisaborole 2% (high confidence) and least common with topical steroids (moderate confidence). Skin thinning was not increased with short-term use of any topical steroid potency (low confidence) but skin thinning was reported in 6/2044 (0.3%) participants treated with longer-term (6-60 months) topical steroids. Potent topical steroids, Janus kinase inhibitors and tacrolimus 0.1% were consistently ranked as among the most effective topical anti-inflammatory treatments for eczema.

Psychometrics of the modified family-centered care assessment short version for childhood obesity.

Incorporating principles of family-centered care into pediatric weight management interventions can improve the effectiveness and quality of treatment and reduce attrition rates. To assess the family-centeredness of interventions, reliable, valid, and easy-to-administer scales are needed. The purpose of the study was to develop a shortened version of the modified Family Centered Care Assessment (mFCCA) and assess its psychometric properties. The mFCCA, a scale to assess the family-centeredness of interventions for childhood obesity, was administered to families following the Connect for Health randomized control trial evaluating the effectiveness of a primary care-based pediatric weight management intervention. We iteratively removed items from the mFCCA and used Rasch modeling to examine the reliability and validity of the shortened scale. We included data from 318 parents and the exploratory factor analysis showed the presence of a single factor. The results of the Rasch modeling demonstrated acceptable internal consistency of the scale (0.7) and strong validity as evidenced by the overall model fit and range of item difficulty. Following the psychometric analyses, we reduced the number of items from 24 to 8 items. The mFCCA short version demonstrates good psychometrics and can be used to evaluate the family-centeredness of childhood obesity interventions with reduced participant burden, thereby improving outcomes for children with obesity. Clinicaltrials.gov NCT02124460 registered on April 24, 2014.

Evaluation of the Rehabilitation Effect of Nanometric Ion Medicine Steam Combined with Facial Muscle Training in the Treatment of Post-Stroke Peripheral Facial Nerve Palsy

This work aimed to investigate the rehabilitation effect of nanometer ion medicine steaming combined with facial muscle training in the treatment of post-stroke peripheral facial nerve palsy (PFNP), and to analyze the therapeutic effect of artificial skin continuous negative pressure drainage on stroke pressure ulcers. 120 patients with post-stroke PFNP who were admitted to Qilu Hospital (Qingdao), Cheeloo College of Medicine were recruited and rolled into the medicine steaming group (MS group, nanometer ion medicine steam) and the joint group (J group, nanometer ion medicine steam plus facial muscle training). The treatment effects, facial functional recovery, and pressure ulcer treatment outcomes were compared between patients in different groups. Results: After treatment, the facial disability index scores and facial nerve function scores of both groups of patients greatly increased, with a more drastic increase in J group (P < 0.05), so did the scores of various traditional Chinese medicine symptoms (P < 0.05). Furthermore, the proportion of patients in J group with facial function classified as level I or level II was obviously higher (P < 0.05). The treatment effectiveness and satisfaction rate in J group were dramatically superior to in MS group (P < 0.05). Conclusion: the joint treatment of nanometer ion medicine steam and facial muscle training has a significant effect in the rehabilitation of post-stroke PFNP, with faster facial functional recovery and higher patient acceptance.

Effectiveness of cyclic treatment of municipal wastewater by Tetradesmus obliquus - loofah biofilm, its internal community changes and potential for resource utilization

Microalgae biofilm has garnered significant attention from researchers in the field of sewage treatment due to its advantages such as ease of collection and stable sewage treatment capabilities. Using agricultural waste as biofilm carriers has become a hotspot in reducing costs for this method. This study first combined Tetradesmus obliquus with loofah to form a microalgae biofilm for the study of periodic nitrogen and phosphorus removal from municipal wastewater. The biofilm could stably treat 7 batches of wastewater within one month. The removal rate of TP almost reached 100%, while the removal rates of NH4+ and TN both reached or exceeded 80%. The average biomass yield over 25 days was 102.04 mg/L/day. The polysaccharide content increased from 8.61% to 16.98% during the cyclic cultivation. The lipid content gradually decreased from 40.91 to 26.1%. The protein content increased from 32.93% in the initial stage to 41.18% and then decreased to 36.31% in the later stage. During the mid-stage of culturing, the richness of anaerobic bacteria decreased, while the richness of aerobic and facultative bacteria increased, which was conducive to the construction of the microalgae-bacteria symbiotic system and steadily improved the effect of nitrogen and phosphorus removal. As the culturing progressed, the Rotifers that emerged during the mid-stage gradually damaged the biofilm over time, leading to a decline in the effectiveness of sewage treatment in the later stages. This study offers technical support for carrier selection in microalgae biofilm methods and for the periodic removal of nitrogen and phosphorus from wastewater.

Effect of ultraviolet radiation c treatment on preservation of Naematelia aurantialba in modified atmosphere packaging

Naematelia aurantialba, known for its health benefits but perishable due to high water content, has a limited market life. This study explored extending its shelf life using ultraviolet C radiation within modified atmosphere packaging. Ultraviolet C, typically used for sterilizing produce, has untapped potential for preserving Naematelia aurantialba. Samples underwent ultraviolet C with various intensities, then were stored at 2 ± 1 °C in packaging bags with 4081 mL/m2·d·atm oxygen transmission rate, with quality checks every seven days until day 42. Samples treated with 0.19 kJ/m² ultraviolet C radiation within the MAP system significantly slowed color and texture changes in N. aurantialba, maintaining cell integrity. This treatment also reduced the loss of aroma substances and significantly increased the total phenolic and flavonoid content in the N. aurantialba. Simultaneously, these samples demonstrated tester preference, highlighting the treatment's effectiveness in enhancing freshness and marketability.

Artificial intelligence in psychodermatology: A brief report of applications and impact in clinical practice.

This report evaluates the potential of artificial intelligence (AI) in psychodermatology, emphasizing its ability to enhance diagnostic accuracy, treatment efficacy, and personalized care. Psychodermatology, which explores the connection between mental health and skin disorders, stands to benefit from AI's advanced data analysis and pattern recognition capabilities. A literature search was conducted on PubMed and Google Scholar, spanning from 2004 to 2024, following PRISMA guidelines. Studies included demonstrated AI's effectiveness in predicting treatment outcomes for body dysmorphic disorder, identifying biomarkers in psoriasis and anxiety disorders, and refining therapeutic strategies. The review identified several studies highlighting AI's role in improving treatment outcomes and diagnostic accuracy in psychodermatology. AI was effective in predicting outcomes for body dysmorphic disorder and identifying biomarkers related to psoriasis and anxiety disorders. However, challenges such as limited dermatologist knowledge, integration difficulties, and ethical concerns regarding patient privacy were noted. AI holds significant promise for advancing psychodermatology by improving diagnostic precision, treatment effectiveness, and personalized care. Nonetheless, realizing this potential requires large-scale clinical validation, enhanced dataset diversity, and robust ethical frameworks. Future research should focus on these areas, with interdisciplinary collaboration essential for overcoming current challenges and optimizing patient care in psychodermatology.

52847 Effectiveness of aloe vera and rice extract-containing moisturizing treatment in improving and maintaining barrier function and hydration in xerotic skin

52847 Effectiveness of aloe vera and rice extract-containing moisturizing treatment in improving and maintaining barrier function and hydration in xerotic skin

Mitigating Immunogenicity by Coordinating Botulinum Toxin Treatments Between Aesthetics and Therapeutics.

Aesthetic use of botulinum toxin (BoNT) has expanded greatly beyond conventional low-dose (20 U) treatments, leading to some patients receiving doses previously reserved for therapeutic uses. The resulting risks are compounded in patients who receive BoNT for both aesthetic and therapeutic indications. Implementing tools for risk management is a high priority to prevent reduced treatment duration and effectiveness. To highlight the immunogenic risks of higher doses, with special attention to the compounding risks of resistance in patients with overlapping BoNT treatments from aesthetic and therapeutic indications. Authors examined the literature on current practices to provide a side-by-side comparison of BoNT doses for aesthetic and therapeutic indications. Aesthetic BoNT doses used in combination treatments of multiple areas or single treatments of large muscle areas can meet or exceed those observed in therapeutic treatments. Physicians have a responsibility to incorporate risk management and open dialog into their BoNT treatment plans to maximize effectiveness and longevity of treatments.

How Does Chronic Hepatitis B Infection Impact on Severity of COVID-19 Infection?

Background: Studies on COVID-19 infection in patients with hepatitis B have yielded conflicting results. Objectives: Key areas of focus include the impact of chronic hepatitis B (CHB) on the immune system, its interaction with other viruses, and the effectiveness of antiviral treatment in these patients. Methods: This cross-sectional study examined patients with CHB and healthy individuals diagnosed with COVID-19. The study involved 300 patients referred to the infectious disease clinic on an outpatient basis. The cohort comprised 150 patients with CHB infection [50 carriers and 100 treated with tenofovir (TDF)], and 150 healthy COVID-19-infected patients without a history of underlying disease. Results: The study included 178 female patients (59.4%) and 122 male patients (40.6%). The statistical significance of COVID-19 infection differed between female and male patients in the CHB group (P-value = 0.03). Patients in the control group experienced more severe symptoms and higher hospitalization rates (both P-value < 0.001). For CHB patients, the relationship between TDF use and hospitalization or infection severity was not statistically significant. All patients in the hepatitis group survived, whereas two patients died in the control group. Conclusions: The presence of hepatitis infection appears to mitigate the severity of COVID-19, resulting in fewer hospitalizations and ICU admissions. Chronic hepatitis B may influence the characteristics, transmission, and function of COVID-19 in affected individuals due to its impact on the immune system, its interactions with other viruses, and the effects of antiviral therapy.

Therapeutic and diagnostic approach to craniofacial osteoma in a dog: a case report

Osteoma is a bone neoplasm that can affect dogs of any age, often underdiagnosed due to its low incidence and slow growth. The aim of this study was to discuss a case of craniofacial osteoma in a Shih-Tzu bitch, highlighting the importance of proper diagnosis and treatment of this condition. In this case, the patient presented with a rigid mass near the left eye, which was evaluated radiographically and diagnosed histopathologically after complete excision of the tumor. No signs of recurrence were observed during follow-up, demonstrating the effectiveness of the surgical treatment. The main findings of the case include an osteoproliferative reaction observed in the radiograph and well-differentiated fibrogranulomatous and osseous proliferation observed in the histopathology. The treatment consisted of complete surgical resection, and no postoperative complications were observed. The patient showed rapid recovery and absence of postoperative pain. It is concluded that osteoma is a benign neoplasm treatable with complete surgical resection, without the need for adjuvant chemotherapy. The study emphasizes the importance of considering osteoma as a differential diagnosis among bone neoplasms in dogs.

A novel approach to wastewater treatment control: A self-organizing fuzzy sliding mode controller

<p>The treatment of wastewater plays a crucial role in protecting the environment and ensuring the sustainable use of resources. This research paper presents a new methodology for managing wastewater treatment operations, utilising Self-Organizing Fuzzy Sliding Mode Controller (SOFSMC) to enhance the efficiency of treatment procedures. MATLAB Simulink functions as a simulation tool that facilitates meticulous analysis. SOFSMC presents a control strategy that is both adaptive and robust. This strategy effectively regulates crucial parameters, including dissolved oxygen levels, pH levels, and flow rates. It achieves this within the challenging and complex framework of wastewater treatment, which is characterised by dynamic and nonlinear dynamics. Using a SOFSMC for wastewater treatment control is novel approach. This novel technique creates a self-learning, dynamic system using fuzzy logic (FL) and sliding mode control (SMC). This unique approach can autonomously adapt to wastewater treatment processes' complex and nonlinear dynamics, improving efficiency, resource optimisation, and system dependability. The results emphasise the potential of SOFSMC as a revolutionary approach for wastewater treatment. This approach can improve treatment effectiveness, conserve resources, and protect the environment. The proposed method SOFSMC, exhibits commendable outcomes, with an integrated absolute error of 0.082 mg/L, an integrated square differential error of 0.091 mg/L, and a response time of 1.85 seconds This study offers a substantial advancement in the field of wastewater treatment regulation, highlighting its significance in the context of sustainable water management and environmental conservation.</p>

Insights to ballast water: metagenomics as a pressing priority

Metagenomics represents a pivotal development in genomics, offering unprecedented insights into a diverse spectrum of microorganisms, including bacteria, viruses, and fungi, that were previously challenging or impossible to study outside natural environments. Its applications span a remarkable range, from exploring cosmic entities to the depths of our oceans, incorporating numerous analyses. Yet, its utilization in the context of ballast water analysis remains scarce. This highlights the crux of the present review, which aims to showcase the need for metagenomics in ballast water analysis. As is known, ballast water is essential for maintaining ship stability under no cargo conditions or during adverse weather, with daily global movements estimated to be between 3 to 10 billion tonnes. A single bulk cargo ship can transport up to 60,000 tonnes of ballast water for a 200,000-tonne load. It is estimated that over 7,000 species are transported globally in ships' ballast water daily, posing significant ecological risks when these organisms are discharged into new environments where they can become invasive species, disrupting local ecosystems, economies, and human health. Despite the International Maritime Organization setting D-2 standard guidelines and endorsing several ballast water management practices for its safe discharge, the issue persists. This underscores the necessity of employing metagenomics to enhance the monitoring of microbial content in ballast water. The review summarizes some research conducted worldwide to analyze ballast water by metagenomics, all exhibiting diverse microbes, including potent pathogenic bacterial and viral forms. The findings support our view, making metagenomics an invaluable tool to monitor ballast water treatment effectiveness in compliance with evolving environmental regulations. Though the challenges facing metagenomic applications—namely cost, complexity, and the need for comprehensive reference databases—are significant, they will surely be surmountable considering continual technological and methodological advancements. Embracing metagenomics offers a pathway to not only address the ecological threats posed by ballast water transfers but also to safeguard the future of global shipping industries.

52284 Influence of Biological Sex on Clinical Manifestation in Moderate-to-Severe Atopic Dermatitis and on Dupilumab Treatment Effectiveness

52284 Influence of Biological Sex on Clinical Manifestation in Moderate-to-Severe Atopic Dermatitis and on Dupilumab Treatment Effectiveness

Results from A Comparative Study to Evaluate the Treatment Effectiveness of a Non-Pneumatic Compression Device versus an Advanced Pneumatic Compression Device for Lower Extremity Lymphedema Swelling (TEAYS study)

Results from A Comparative Study to Evaluate the Treatment Effectiveness of a Non-Pneumatic Compression Device versus an Advanced Pneumatic Compression Device for Lower Extremity Lymphedema Swelling (TEAYS study)

Характеристика факторів серцево-судинного ризику в пацієнтів з артеріальною гіпертензією, які приймають подвійну комбінацію антигіпертензивних препаратів: результати дослідження ФАКТОР-дуо

The aim – to study the characteristics of cardiovascular risk factors, the structure and effectiveness of treatment in hypertensive patients (pts) on the background of a dual combination of antihypertensive drugs, to evaluate the efficacy and tolerability of calcium channel blockers (CCB) (amlodipine and lercanidipine) when added to the combination of renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibitor with a diuretic.Materials and methods. A multicenter study with 1616 hypertensive pts who received dual combination antihypertensive therapy. Cardiovascular risk factors were studied (smoking status, alcohol consumption, physical activity, family history of cardiovascular disease), concomitant cardiovascular diseases, carbohydrate metabolism disorders, and body mass index were determined, and current antihypertensive therapy and its effectiveness were evaluated based on office blood pressure (BP) measurements. Amlodipine 5-10 mg/day or lercanidipine 10–20 mg/day was added to the combination of RAAS blocker with a diuretic in the case of office BP ≥ 140/90 mm Hg. 1198 hypertensive pts received triple combined therapy. The effectiveness and tolerability of the treatment were evaluated after 4 weeks according to data from office BP measurements and home BP monitoring (HBPM). Lercanidipine was taken by 76 % of pts and amlodipine was taken by 24 % of pts.Results and discussion. Hypertensive pts were characterized by a significant prevalence of obesity (38.6 %), smoking (27.9 %), and insufficient physical activity (31.2 %). A significantly higher percentage of smoking and alcohol consumption was registered among men, while a lower level of physical activity was registered among women. Concomitant type 2 diabetes was present in almost a quarter of pts, stroke/TIA in 8.7 %, and myocardial infarction/revascularization in 8.3 %. At the same time, 53.2 % of the pts received statin therapy, and 64.7 % received antiplatelet drugs.Conclusions. The addition of CCB contributed to office BP target achievement in 69.1 % of pts, and optimal BP according to HBPM data in 54.3 % of pts. Lercanidipine and amlodipine have demonstrated comparable antihypertensive efficacy. Lercanidipine demonstrated a better tolerability profile compared to amlodipine: the incidence of side effects was significantly lower, respectively, 3.6 vs. 12.3 %; edema of the lower legs occurred in 6.5 times more often under amlodipine treatment than lercanidipine.

Assessing the Antibacterial Effectiveness against MDR Strains and the Antioxidant Characteristics of Ficus auriculata

For millennia, people have successfully treated a wide range of illnesses, including bacterial infections, with different plant parts or extracts. “MDR strain” typically refers to a “multi-drug resistant strain” of a bacteria. In the context of infectious diseases, a multi-drug resistant strain refers to a strain of the pathogen that has acquired resistance to multiple drugs that are commonly used to treat infections caused by that specific pathogen. MDR strains can present significant challenges in healthcare settings as they limit the effectiveness of standard treatments and may require more aggressive or specialized approaches to manage the infection. The discdiffusion method was used in this investigation to test the antimicrobial properties of Petroleum ether, acetone, ethanol, methanol, and aqueous extracts of Ficus auriculata leaves against four bacterial strains namely Salmonella enteric serovar typhi, Salmonella enteric ser Paratyphi (MDR strain) Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Escherichia coli. The findings showed that all of the investigated organisms (zone of inhibition of 0.5 ± 0.15 & 18 ± 1.7 mm) were significantly inhibited by the petroleum ether, ethanol, and methanol extracts, with the exception of Salmonella typhi (an 18 mm inhibitory zone). The restricted area (≤5) indicated moderate activity in the aqueous extracts. It’s crucial to remember that antimicrobial activity analysis of plant extracts is just one step in the process of identifying potential natural antimicrobial agents. Further studies, including the identification and isolation of specific bioactive compounds, toxicology assessments, and clinical trials, are required before any plant extract can be considered for use as a drug development.

Pooled analysis of the three trials of the TRIUMF series: efficacy of a triple fixed combination of antihypertensive drugs in the practice of physicians of different specialties in Ukraine

Study objectives – to compare the data obtained in the TRIUMF (antihyperTensive theRapy in UkraIne – BP optiMization in Focus) trials, in particular, TRIUMF-1, TRIUMF-2, TRIUMF-3, to determine possible patterns and significant factors affecting BP control in patients taking 2 or more antihypertensive drugs and switching to the original single pill combination (SPC) of perindopril arginine/indapamide/amlodipine.Materials and Methods. For the pooled analysis, data on 5960 patients obtained from the three trials of the TRIUMF series were selected. All the studies were multicenter prospective trials conducted at different times in Ukraine with the involvement of general practitioners (TR-1), cardiologists (TR-2), and family practitioners (TR-3). According to the inclusion criteria, patients over 18 years of age with hypertension and a history of taking 2 or 3 antihypertensive drugs for at least 1 month whose BP remained above 140/90 mm Hg could be included in the study. The drug of choice for further therapy was Triplixam (Servier, France) – a single pill combination (SPC) of perindopril arginine, amlodipine and indapamide. Each patient was observed for 3 months. Patients visited physicians in 1–2 weeks, 2 months after the start of the study and the corresponding therapy adjustment. The adherence rate was assessed before and after 2 months. The use of beta-blockers (BBs) in the treatment of the cohort of patients with hypertension was analyzed separately. The final analysis included a comparison of the data obtained in the TRIUMF trial series.Results and Discussion. The use of a SPC of perindopril arginine/indapamide/amlodipine allowed to achieve the target BP levels (140/90 or less) after 2 months of therapy in 84 % of patients with a history of taking a combination therapy (2 drugs – 65 %, 3 drugs – 35 %). One of the important criteria for choosing the dose of a triple SPC is the baseline BP values. The higher the degree of hypertension, the higher the dose prescribed by physicians. The minimum dose of the SPC of perindopril arginine, indapamide and amlodipine (5/1.25/5 mg) was prescribed for stage 1 hypertension in 62 %, stage 2 hypertension in 38 %, and stage 3 hypertension in 15 % of patients; the maximum dose (10/2.5/10 mg) was prescribed for stage 1 hypertension in 9 %, stage 2 hypertension in 15 %, and stage 3 hypertension in 43 % of patients included in the study (p<0.05). Therapy with the triple SPC of perindopril arginine, indapamide and amlodipine was well tolerated: adverse events were observed in 0.63 % (TR-1), 1 % (TR-3) and 1.86 % (TR-2) of cases, which was largely due to the previous use of two (65 %) or three (35 %) antihypertensive drugs comprising the SPC by the study patients. Beta-blockers (n=2012) were prescribed due to the presence of a comorbidity (coronary heart disease, angina pectoris – 33.5 %, heart failure – 28.3 %) rather than due to lowered BP. The combination of perindopril arginine/indapamide/amlodipine with BB was well tolerated and 83.9 % of patients achieved BP ≤ 140/90 mm Hg, while 9.36 % achieved ≤ 130/80 mm Hg after 2 months of treatment. There was a significant improvement in the adherence to treatment (TR-2, TR-3) in the majority of patients (75 and 70 %), due to high antihypertensive efficacy, convenience of pill’s administration (one pill instead of three) and good tolerability of the original SPC.Conclusions. Regular medical supervision (cardiologists, family practitioners, general practitioners), high antihypertensive efficacy of the SPC (84 % of patients reached the target BP levels after 2 months of therapy ), convenience of pill’s administration (one pill instead of three), high adherence to treatment confirmed in TR-2 and TR-3 in most patients, and good tolerability of the original SPC of perindopril arginine, indapamide and amlodipine led to a significant improvement in the effectiveness of treatment of patients with hypertension.

Comparison of the surgical efficacy of robot-assisted and freehand nail placement in the treatment of sarcopenia combined with femoral neck fractures younger than 65 years.

There is limited research on the effectiveness of orthopedic robot-assisted treatment for sarcopenia combined with femoral neck fractures (FNF) in clinical settings. This study aimed to compare the clinical outcomes of orthopedic robot-assisted screw placement with traditional manual screw placement for treating sarcopenia combined with FNF. The retrospective study included patients with FNF under the age of 65 who were admitted to the Department of Orthopedics at XX Hospital Affiliated to XX University between January 2019 and March 2022 and underwent internal fixation with cannulated screws. Grip strength of the dominant hand was measured, and the skeletal muscle index (SMI) was calculated based on the muscle tissue area at the level of the 12th thoracic vertebrae on chest CT divided by height squared. Sarcopenia was diagnosed when SMI was below 42.6 cm2/m2 for men or 30.6 cm2/m2 for women. Patients were then grouped based on whether they underwent orthopedic robot-assisted surgery, as the robot-assisted (RA) group or the freehand (FH) group. Follow-up evaluations over 24-36 months included various parameters such as operation time, blood loss, X-ray shots, number of needle drilling, cannulated nail parallelism, C-reactive protein (CRP) levels, time to weight-bearing, perioperative infection, VAS (visual analogue scale) scores at 1 and 6 months post-surgery, Harris hip score at 6 months post-surgery, and incidence of nonunions and femoral head necrosis within 24 months post-surgery. A total of 127 participants were enrolled in this study, with 46 individuals in the RG group and 81 in the FG group. Across both groups, factors such as gender, age, SMI, injury sides, Garden classifications, intraoperative blood loss, preoperative CRP, and VAS scores at 6 months post-surgery did not show statistically significant differences (p > 0.05). The RA group exhibited shorter operation time, fewer intraoperative X-ray shots, less needle drilling, and lower postoperative CRP levels compared to the FH group. The VAS score of the RA group was lower one month after surgery, whereas the Harris score was higher six months post-surgery (p < 0.05). The parallel angle of the hollow screws in the RA group was superior to that in the FH screw placement group, with an earlier time to bear weight on the ground post-surgery (p < 0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in incision infection, femoral neck nonunion (within 9 months after surgery), and patient satisfaction between the two groups (p > 0.05). Furthermore, the rate of femoral head necrosis after fracture within 2 years in the RA group was lower compared to the FH screw placement group, with statistically significant differences (p < 0.05).

Hereditary Patterns and Genetic Associations in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD): Neuropsychiatric Insights, Genetic Influences, and Treatment Perspectives.

Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD), a prevalent neuropsychiatric condition, affects approximately 2%-3% of the global population. This paper provides an extensive overview of OCD, detailing its clinical manifestations, neurobiological underpinnings, and therapeutic approaches. It examines OCD's classification shift in the DSM-5, the role of the cortico-striatothalamo- cortical pathway in its development, and the various factors contributing to its etiology, such as genes, environmental factors, and genetic predispositions. The challenges in diagnosing OCD and the effectiveness of both psychological and pharmacotherapeutic treatments are discussed. The paper also highlights the significant overlap between OCD and other mental health disorders, emphasizing its impact on global disability. Moreover, the role of genetic factors in OCD, including twin studies and gene association studies, is elaborated, underscoring the complex interplay of hereditary and environmental influences in its manifestation. The review further delves into the polygenic nature of OCD, illustrating how multiple genes contribute to its development, and explores the implications of genetic studies in understanding the disorder's complexity. Additionally, this research study delves into the concept of polygenic inheritance in complex diseases, highlighting the role of multiple genes in increasing OCD risk. A Genome-wide Association Study (GWAS) is employed to assess Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) to unearth genetic associations with OCD. This comprehensive analysis provides valuable insights into OCD's genetic landscape, paving the way for enhanced diagnostic approaches and treatment modalities.

Pharmacodynamic interaction between tamsulosin and finasteride treatment in mice induced benign prostate hyperplasia using the Chou-Talalay method

This study was conducted to evaluate the efficacy and interaction of tamsulosin with finasteride treatment on induced benign prostate hyperplasia (BPH) in mice. BPH was induced by subcutaneous injection of testosterone propionate (20 mg/kg) for 30 days. Eighty-five mice were divided into five groups. The first group (G1): twenty-five mice induced BPH treated with tamsulosin orally and divided into five equal subgroups with doses (0.017, 0.052, 0.087, 0. 123, and 0.158) mg/kg, the second group (G2): twenty-five mice induced BPH treated with finasteride orally and divided into five equal subgroups with doses (0.175, 0.527, 0.878, 1.23, and 1.580) mg/kg, the third group (G3): twenty-five mice induced BPH treated with a combination of tamsulosin with finasteride orally, and divided into five equal subgroups with doses (0.0085, 0.0875), (0.026, 0.2635), (0.0435, 0.439) , (0.0615, 0.615) and ( 0.079 , 0.790 ) mg/kg respectively. Fourth group (G4): five mice induced BPH and treated distilled water. Fifth group (G5): five mice were not inducing BPH and without any treatment. The results showed a gradual significant increase in prostate weight % and prostate index % inhibitions until reached saturation in the last two doses of tamsulosin, finasteride, and combination groups, the maximum effective doses of tamsulosin and finasteride were (0.156) and (1.495) mg/kg respectively. Moreover, the effective dose of the combination (tamsulosin and finasteride) was estimated (0.06876, 0.6876) mg/kg respectively as well as the type of interaction was synergism and the value of the combination index was 0.046. The combination of tamsulosin with finasteride showed a synergistic effect in BPH treatment by minimizing the side effect of each drug as a result of decreasing the dose of each one.