Context Of Travel Research Articles

Comparative analysis of the Context of travel literature in Sanskrit and Nepali literature

Travel plays an important role in the human and non-human life. All living creatures of the world have an innate tendency of travel. It is also associated with the human civilization. By traveling different geographical, cultural, and historical sites one can learn unseen things and gain new experiences.There is a long tradition of travel literature or travel contexts in Sanskrit literature. There are many examples of travel narratives or travel related stories found in the ancient Sanskrit texts like Vedas, Puranas, Aitareya Bahmana, Kaushitaki Bahmana, Mahabharata, Ramayana, Panchatantra etc. Nepali literature has also been greatly influenced by the context of travel or travel literature of the Sanskrit literature. There have been many translations of Sanskrit epics in Nepali literature. The Sanskrit texts like Ramayana, Mahabharata and different kinds of Puranas, Vedas have been translated into Nepali in abundance, which has been discussed in this article and tried to clarify the relationship of Sanskrit literature with Nepali literature in the context of the travel and travel literature.

Unlocking Tourism Diversity in Winter: Clusters of Tourists in Lisbon Based on Motivations, Profiles, and Behaviour

Recent trends in Lisbon's winter tourism indicate a shift towards off-peak travel, attracting diverse visitors with its rich cultural heritage, sustainable initiatives, and extended stay options for digital nomads. The city's culinary scene, arts, wellness activities, and tech-driven tourism options enhance its appeal. Aligned with these recent trends, tourism in Lisbon's region during the winter season presents a unique and dynamic landscape influenced by a wide range of motivations, tourist profiles, and travel behaviours. This study aims to define distinctive clusters of winter tourists in Lisbon by analysing these key variables, providing valuable insights specific to the winter travel context. Based on a compiled dataset from the winter season in Lisbon, this study delves into examining the factors driving tourist visits, encompassing socio-economic backgrounds, travel frequency, and age demographics. We aim to reveal the distinctive subgroups that define Lisbon's winter tourist population, employing data analysis techniques such as cluster analysis. From an academic perspective, this study offers a novel tourist segmentation model based on motivations, profiles, and behaviour. This model enriches the existing body of knowledge in tourism studies, providing a valuable reference for future research. For tourism agents in Lisbon, this study provides actionable insights to enhance strategic decision-making. By segmenting winter tourists, they can tailor marketing strategies and product development to cater to diverse tourist segments. Moreover, this approach can lead to economic benefits, optimising resource allocation, and revenue generation.

Determinants of Purchase Intention in Social Media Advertising

Purpose: This study aims to explore the relationship between social media advertising, habit, privacy concern, and purchase intention among social media users interested in travel and leisure. Theoretical reference: The study draws upon theories related to consumer behavior, advertising effectiveness, and habit formation, as well as literature on privacy concerns in online environments. Method: Purposive sampling was employed, resulting in a sample size of 298 respondents. Data analysis techniques, likely including correlation and regression analysis, were utilized to examine the relationships between social media advertising, habit, privacy concern, and purchase intention. Results and Conclusion: The analysis revealed a statistically significant positive relationship between social media advertising and purchase intention, as well as between habit and purchase intention. However, the impact of privacy concern on purchase intention was positive but not statistically significant. Furthermore, habit was found to partially mediate the effect of social media advertising on purchase intention but was unable to mediate the effect of privacy concern on purchase intention. Implications of research: The findings underscore the importance of high-quality advertising on social media platforms and the cultivation of positive habits related to travel and leisure activities. Moreover, while privacy concerns positively influence purchase intention, the role of habit in mediating the effect of social media advertising demonstrates its significance in shaping purchase intention. Practically, these insights can aid companies in refining their advertising strategies and better understanding the behavioral dynamics of social media users, including their habits and privacy concerns. Originality/value: This research contributes to the existing literature by specifically examining the interplay between social media advertising, habit formation, privacy concerns, and purchase intention within the context of travel and leisure. The study offers valuable insights into the complexities of consumer behavior in online environments and provides practical implications for companies aiming to enhance their marketing strategies in the social media landscape.

Eliciting citizens’ priorities for active travel infrastructure investments: A qualitative analysis of best-worst scaling experiments

IntroductionThe built environment plays an important role in individuals’ propensity to walk and cycle and local authorities increasingly invest financial resources towards its development. Organisations responsible for the built environment have developed auditing tools as guidelines to inspect routes and identify improvements to support active travel. MethodsUsing these auditing tools as a starting point, this study developed 21 walking and 25 cycling investment-relevant factors that were embedded into two choice-based survey instruments, respectively. The study used cognitive interview pre-testing to internally validate a preference-based elicitation approach known as Best-Worst Scaling (BWS), which aimed to capture pedestrian and cyclist preferences. We report findings from cognitive interviews (data analysed thematically) with 20 participants (10 pedestrians and 10 cyclists). ResultsIn both sets of interviews, four themes emerged regarding how the participants approached the BWS task and five themes related to the understanding of the factors. The BWS choice tasks required refinement regarding the ‘frame of reference’, ‘travel context’, the ‘decision-making strategy’, and the ‘concrete thinking’ (finding some factors easier to interpret). Additionally, issues with understanding the factors, the wording, ‘overlapping’, negatively phrased factors, and technical jargon all pointed towards the need to refine auditing tools if these were to be introduced in a preference elicitation context. ConclusionsThis study helps to empirically uncover how citizens interpret infrastructure related aspects of walking and cycling by pointing to nuanced aspects that auditing tools may miss. The findings also helped develop an internally consistent preference elicitation survey-instrument that any local authority can implement to determine which walking and cycling infrastructure investments are a priority in their area.

“Feel the green”: How a handwritten typeface affects tourists’ responses to green tourism products and services

This research examines how the visual cue of a handwritten (vs. typewritten) typeface, affects tourists’ responses to the marketing of green tourism. We draw on the visual marketing literature to propose that a handwritten typeface leads to more positive responses toward green destinations/products/hospitality (i.e., anticipation of enjoyment, willingness to pay, and booking intention) via tourists’ perception of greenness. We also find that the enhancing effect of a handwritten typeface occurs only in the green (as opposed to luxury) travel context. This effect is mitigated, however, when tourists are made conscious of greenness. Four experiments using different product and service categories across two countries support our hypotheses. Our findings contribute to the literature on green tourism, typeface design, and tourists’ perception of greenness, and provide practical guidelines that can help tourism companies and policymakers design effective green communication strategies.

UNPACKING TOURISM FATIGUE: travel frequency, duration and its effects on satisfaction and revisit intention

ABSTRACT While prior research has recognised the significance of tourism fatigue, there exists limited empirical evidence regarding its causes and consequences. Drawing upon the stressor-strain-outcome framework, this study investigates the main antecedents and outcomes by constructing a research model of tourism fatigue. This study utilises two waves of cross-sectional data sets from two distinct destinations (i.e. nature-based and culture-based destinations). Findings suggest that travel frequency significantly influences tourism fatigue, with a predominant impact on psychological fatigue, while duration primarily affects physical fatigue in both destination types. It is also observed that physical fatigue exacerbates psychological fatigue. Tourist satisfaction is notably affected by psychological fatigue, but the effects of tourism fatigue on revisit intentions vary according to the specific travel context. Theoretical and managerial implications are also discussed.

The lonely traveller’s mind: exploring the influence of loneliness on revisit intention

ABSTRACT Despite the fact that feelings of loneliness offer invaluable opportunities for marketing and management, studies on its impacts and consequences in the travel context are still in their infancy. Drawing on compensatory consumption behaviour theory, and using a mixed-methods approach, this research explored the influence of loneliness (i.e. trait loneliness and state loneliness) on tourists’ revisit intention. In light of the findings derived from interviews and scenario-based experiments, the research validates the positive effects of each loneliness variable on revisit intention. Moreover, the mediating effects of nostalgia on the relationships between trait loneliness and revisit intention, and between state loneliness and revisit intention, have been revealed. This study enriches the literature on tourism and consumer behaviour and offers several tailor-made suggestions for relevant practitioners.

Enhancing umrah pilgrim satisfaction through effective logistic services and inventory management

This study explores the impact of logistic services and inventory management on the satisfaction of umrah pilgrims at PT. Asyesa Hasanah Tour Travel Sumatera Barat. The research addresses the need for effective logistics management in the umrah travel industry, highlighting its importance in providing timely and quality services to pilgrims. Utilizing a quantitative approach, data were collected from 85 respondents among a population of 536 umrah pilgrims. The study found that logistic services, characterized by reliability, timeliness, and resource availability, significantly enhance pilgrim satisfaction. Similarly, efficient inventory management, involving precise planning, control, and distribution of goods, also positively impacts satisfaction levels. The findings suggest that both logistic services and inventory management are critical in ensuring high levels of customer satisfaction. The study concludes that umrah travel companies should continuously improve their logistic and inventory management strategies to maintain competitive advantage and meet the evolving needs of their customers. This research contributes to the literature by providing detailed insights into the operational components of logistics and inventory management within the context of umrah travel, emphasizing the role of technology and employee satisfaction in enhancing service delivery.Keywords: logistic services; inventory management; umrah pilgrims; customer satisfaction; travel industry.

Is multimodality advantageous? Assessing the relationship between multimodality and perceived transport adequacy and accessibility in different travel contexts

Multimodality is regarded as essential to promoting sustainable mobility because of the widely found environmental benefits, although it is unclear whether individuals experience multimodality as a benefit or a burden. This study aims to investigate the relationship between multimodality and perceived transport adequacy and accessibility in different travel contexts. Using data collected in two large Dutch cities, we realized the research aim from three perspectives. First, a multigroup multimodality index was constructed to measure the variability of transport mode use at both major-category and sub-category levels, which somehow addressed the mode classification issue in measuring multimodality. Second, by performing a regression analysis on the factors associated with multimodality, we found that multimodality occurs in different travel contexts related to certain conditions or constraints. Third, the effects of multimodality as well as the interaction effects of car-related factors and multimodality on two factors of perceived transport adequacy and perceived accessibility are assessed using stepwise regression models. Results show that multimodality is burdensome, especially for those who rely on cars. Specifically, being more multimodal is generally associated with higher perceived disadvantage and lower perceived accessibility; for people who experience the ease of driving or have limited access to a car, being more multimodal results in even lower perceived achievement or perceived accessibility. The results indicate that even in compact and less car-dependent urban settings, multimodality lacks attraction and reducing car use is difficult. The findings inform multimodal transport policies and planning to balance social and environmental values by assessing and minimizing the negative individual externalities.

Examined The Relationship Between Travel Anxiety and Destination Choice: Implications for Tourism Marketing: A Qualitative Study

This qualitative study examined the relationship between travel anxiety and destination choice, specifically focusing on its implications for tourism marketing. Through in-depth interviews with individuals who have experienced travel anxiety, the study explored their past experiences and decision-making processes when selecting destinations. Participants were selected through purposive sampling, ensuring diverse travel anxiety levels and demographic backgrounds. Data analysis followed a thematic approach, using past tense verbs to capture participants' retrospective perspectives on their travel anxiety experiences. The findings revealed that travel anxiety significantly influenced destination choices, with various factors contributing to decision-making processes. Past tense verbs were employed to describe participants' experiences, emotions, and coping mechanisms during their previous travel experiences. These verbs highlighted the nuanced nature of travel anxiety and provided valuable insights into the specific triggers and manifestations of anxiety in different travel contexts. The implications for tourism marketing were identified through the lens of the findings. Strategies were proposed to address and alleviate travel anxiety, targeting specific stages of the decision-making process. Tourism marketers can tailor their marketing efforts to better accommodate and support individuals with travel anxiety, ultimately enhancing their overall travel experiences by comprehending the complex relationship between destination selection and travel anxiety. This study adds to the growing body of research on travel anxiety by shedding light on people's individual experiences and providing tourism marketers with practical implications. The long-term effects of marketing interventions on reducing travel anxiety and increasing destination satisfaction should be the subject of additional research.

Air pollution perception bias: Mismatch between air pollution exposure and perception of air quality in real-time contexts

Air pollution perception biases hinder the public's awareness of actual air quality. Past studies that examined the association and mismatch between actual and perceived air quality neglected individuals’ dynamic exposure and their activity, travel, spatial, temporal, and social contexts. Using data collected with real-time air pollutant sensors and ecological momentary assessment (EMA), this study investigated the association and mismatch between momentary air pollution exposure and perceived air quality. It also examined how activity type, travel mode, spatial and temporal contexts, and social factors contribute to this disparity. The results show that exposure to air pollution is significantly higher in residential areas (1.777 μg/m3) and transportation land-use areas (2.863 μg/m3) compared to commercial areas. Exposure in the evening is 1.308 μg/m3 higher than in the afternoon. Working or studying activities are associated with 2.863 μg/m3 lower exposure, and individuals perceive air quality as good when working or studying and in residential areas. Conversely, individuals assess air quality as poor in railway travel contexts and being accompanied by friends. This study also reveals the nonstationary association between air pollution exposure and perceived air quality. The odds of underestimating air pollution are 1.8–2.7 times as high as that in residential areas and 2.1 to 2.6 times that in transportation land-use areas when compared to commercial areas. Implementing targeted mitigation measures in these contexts can enhance public awareness of air pollution.

Flight Path and Scheduling Effects on Perceived Jet Lag, Fatigue, and Sleep in Footballers Traveling to and From National Teams.

This study examined posttravel perceptual responses of national-team footballers (soccer) following different flight paths, arrival/departure times, and trip contexts. Details of 396 flights from national-team players (N = 68) were obtained and verified via an online flight database. Each player provided ratings of perceptual fatigue, sleep, soreness, stress, and jet lag for 2days before and after each trip. The flight path (continents of departure and arrival), travel context (into vs out of national team), and arrival and departure times were obtained for each trip. Linear mixed models compared the pretravel with posttravel change in perceptual responses based on flight path, context, and schedule. Perceived jet-lag ratings were more responsive to travel variables (R2 = .48) than other perceptual ratings (R2 < .26). Travel from Asia to Europe (P < .05) and Europe to Australia (P < .001) had significantly higher jet-lag ratings than all other paths. Fatigue scores were worst following Asia to Europe (P < .05) and Europe to Australia (P < .05) travel, while sleep scores were worst following Europe to Australiatravel (P < .01). Perceptual responses were poorer following travel from national team to club compared with all other travel contexts (P < .05). Arrival during the daytime (11 AM to 5 PM) resulted in better perceptual responses than early-morning or late-night arrivals (P < .05). Perceived jet-lag ratings are more responsive to travel demands than perceptual wellness scales in national-team football athletes. Poorer perceptual responses may be expected when travel is longer in nature, ends later in the day, or involves travel out of the national team back to club.

The post-COVID-19 road-based tourism market: Negotiation of travel constraints

The novel coronavirus (COVID-19) not only transformed people’s choice of travel mode but also resulted in travel constraints and related behaviour. This study investigated travel constraints and constraint negotiation in post-COVID-19 road-based tourism in Indonesia. An online questionnaire survey was administered to Indonesian road tourists including self-drive tourists between May to July 2022. The resulting 510 completed questionnaires were analysed using Structural Equation Modelling. Road trips were more popular than flights during the recovery stage of COVID-19. Intrapersonal travel constraints were the largest problem for road-based tourism. This research advances the understanding of road trip travel behaviour in Indonesia and travel constraints after a crisis. The study applies the constraint negotiation model in a road-based travel context. Our study is among the first to combine road tourism psychology and tourism crisis/disaster management in the context of road-based tourism, which may be useful to policymakers and to tourism industry stakeholders in general.

Reflective and Cooperative Learning for Understanding Sustainability through an Eco-Innovation Strategy in Rural Travel and Hospitality: A STEAM Case Study

Eco-innovation denotes developing green practices using environmentally friendly innovative approaches or technologies. Although eco-innovation has been broadly applied in different industries, such as low-carbon production and manufacturing, how to implement such innovation in education for sustainable development (ESD) has rarely been studied. Therefore, this research considered a reflective and cooperative learning approach to science, technology, engineering, arts, and math (STEAM) education. A case study examined Wanluan Township of Pingtung County in southern Taiwan. Four departments’ students and lecturers at Meiho University were involved in situated learning. Hospitality management students played farm owners who engaged in organic agriculture to produce food and beverages. These agricultural products were farm-to-table, cooked, and served to customers in a natural dining setting through the students’ teamwork. Tourism, sports and leisure management, and food science and nutrition students played tourists in a self-guided travel context, who engaged in acts such as visiting buildings to understand heritage while observing that the houses were still in use as dwellings. This encouraged reflection on the importance of cultural preservation. The results showed that eco-innovation can represent a sustainable marketing strategy for improving the local community economy and can be implemented in a practical situation in STEAM. The ESD goal for 2030—societal transformation—is to foster students’ responsible behavior and attitudes in a personally authentic manner, thereby fostering sustainable learning and understanding.

Quantifying automated vehicle benefits in reducing driving stress: a simulation experiment approach

Driving is a stressful activity because of the mental workload required to maneuver a vehicle in certain travel contexts, such as congested traffic, multi-modal networks requiring complex interaction with surrounding vehicles, and aggressive driving. Autonomous vehicles (AVs), on the other hand, can reduce the mental workload by performing most of the driving tasks and providing users with a comfortable ride. This study develops a pathway model to relate different health determinants, including travel reliability, safety, driving comfort, and value of time, to Autonomous vehicles driving and studies their impact on the value of driving stress. A case study example of Autonomous vehicles simulation is used to determine the impact of these health determinants. The value of driving stress in Autonomous vehicles is estimated as a function of the value of these individual health determinants. The results show that the perception of safe or unsafe driving in Autonomous vehicles is the most important factor in changing the perception of driving stress in Autonomous vehicles. Similarly, perceptions of comfortable driving in Autonomous vehicles and reduced workload with a higher value of time also reduce driving stress in Autonomous vehicles. These results allow Autonomous vehicles adoption models to explicitly consider driving stress reduction as a benefit and can improve understanding of Autonomous vehicles adoption, which may require quantitative analysis of underlying motivating benefits, including driving stress reduction.

Travel choices in (e-)moped sharing systems: Estimating explanatory variables and the value of ride fee savings

Free-floating (e-)moped sharing systems are becoming increasingly popular and provide new ways of travel in urban areas. The vehicles offer the flexibility of one-way transportation, though the downside for service providers of free-floating shared fleet systems is that their operations may result in a spatial-temporal imbalance of the vehicle distribution within the system. The potential effectiveness of user-based relocation strategies depend on the trade-offs users make between (reduced) ride fees and (prolonged) walking times. It is therefore essential to establish the trade-offs exercised by users in the context of moped sharing systems. We elicit travel preferences and assess how vehicle choice is influenced by user characteristics, travel context and alternative-specific attributes by means of a choice experiment. Our findings indicate that respondents in the Netherlands require a reduction of €0.02 of the ride fee for each additional walking minute required for accessing a vehicle. The application of our model demonstrates that vehicle availability, pricing, trip characteristics, and socioeconomic factors significantly drive adoption rates, emphasising the importance of understanding user preferences and thereby the factors shaping the acceptance and utilisation of e-moped sharing services. These findings offer essential implications for policymakers and operators, enabling them to tailor e-moped sharing services to diverse user segments as well as understanding the impact of policies, such as helmet mandates. The outcomes presented in this paper are likely to be applicable to other vehicle sharing systems with comparable design and management configurations.

Work Values, Travel Satisfaction, and Organizational Injustice as Antecedents of Corporate Travel Policy Compliance

Despite the Covid-19 pandemic, business travel spending is expected to reach two-thirds of the pre-pandemic levels in 2022. Therefore, travel policies remain essential for reducing travel expenses and managing traveller behaviour. A significant challenge for a company is to ensure compliance with its travel policy. This study uses the equity theory and person-organization fit model to understand non-compliance with travel policies. Two hundred and five responses were collected from corporate travellers employed in South Africa via an online survey. The results revealed that work values and perceived organizational injustice could influence corporate travel policy compliance. This study is the first to investigate the influence of work values, travel satisfaction, and organizational injustice on unethical decision-making and behaviour in a corporate travel context.

Walking as a Gendered Practice: Travel and Transgressions in Henry James’s Daisy Miller (1878) and The Wings of the Dove (1902)

Abstract This essay investigates the gendered practice of taking a walk in two works of Henry James, his early success Daisy Miller: A Study (1878) and his later-phase masterpiece The Wings of the Dove (1902). We focus on James’s women protagonists, the titular Daisy Miller and Wings’ Milly Theale and, specifically, their desire to walk unhindered through the European cities they are visiting, Rome and London, respectively. The simple activity of going for a walk in an unknown city, this essay argues, points beyond the scope of the streets traversed; it becomes a practice of self-assertion. Both narratives draw on the deep-seated connotations of transgression and deviance with which travelling women have long been associated. We begin by addressing travel as transgression and look at the cultural-historical context of women travellers in which James places his heroines. Our major objective is to map the ways in which James’s treatment of the woman pedestrian has changed over the decades between the two works. To this end, we explore the gender-determined restrictions to mobility in the two case studies and bring out the pleasure that both protagonists derive from bypassing those restraints, the pleasure of travelling and walking freely, in their own distinct ways.

‘Telling tales’: Communicating UK energy research through fairy tale characters

Storytelling is gaining traction in the field of energy and social science research. It supports collective agenda setting, embraces complexity, and represents one way to tackle the ‘wicked problems’ of climate change. It is particularly important given the commonly opaque nature of social science outputs, and the urgency in which responses to climate change are now required. Responding to these challenges and recognising the value of storytelling, we present three ‘telling tales’ in this paper. Each takes inspiration from a well-known fairy tale character (i.e., mermaids, vampires, and witches) to translate energy and social science research in the empirical contexts of electricity generation, sustainable travel, and plastic pollution in the UK. We draw on these fairy tale characters as a part of arguing that UK policy reflects a fixation with renewables, excessive caution concerning car ownership and use, and a reductive approach to plastics. In response, we consider some alternative approaches, each aimed at delivering transformational adaptation, premised on demand reduction. We aim, more broadly, to inspire others to tell their own convincing tales to communicate research findings beyond academic circles and to help bring about change.

AI and supportive technology experiences of customers with visual impairments in hotel, restaurant, and travel contexts

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to critically reflect on visually impaired customers’ technology assistance needs and the perceptions of existing technologies’ performance in the contexts of hospitality and tourism.Design/methodology/approachFollowing a qualitative approach, this study used in-depth semistructured interviews with 19 participants with visual impairments.FindingsPositive and negative sides of technology-assisted experiences in the hotel, restaurant, and travel domains were summarized, and room for improvement was discussed to enhance the quality of life and travel experience of visually impaired customers.Practical implicationsFindings from this study offer actionable implications and future directions to technicians and managers to make hospitality and travel experiences more inclusive.Originality/valueThis timely reflection addresses a critical situation by offering original ideas and calling for more discussion of under-represented groups with visual impairments.