Travel Attitudes Research Articles

Understanding destination information cocoons and polarization of travel attitude and intention: How can travel experiences mitigate bias?

Extant research remains relatively silent on the polarizing attitudes stemming from large-scale conflict events, such as trade wars. Information cocoons, which highlight unilateral information, have been shown to amplify polarized opinions and behaviors. This paper aims to integrate mixed methods with social identity, system justification, and cognitive dissonance theories across four interrelated studies to understand the impact of conflict events and subsequent information cocoons on tourist decision-making. Study 1 leverages the elastic net synthetic control method to compare the actual Chinese tourist travel to the US with a predicted counterfactual scenario without the trade war. Studies 2 through 5, with 300, 423, 517, and 201 respondents respectively, examined tourists’ competing reasonings and approach-avoidance tendencies regarding information cocoons about destinations involved in the trade war. The findings deepen our understanding of how information cocoons amplify polarized thinking and behaviors, which can be partially mitigated by travel experiences to conflicting countries.

Communication dynamics of congestion warning information considering the attitudes of travelers

Traffic congestion is a serious problem faced by many cities worldwide today. Congestion warning information is one of the important influencing factors of urban road congestion; To this end, based on the dynamics of infectious diseases, a congestion warning information dissemination model considering the attitudes of travelers and the network structure was constructed. The existence and stability of the equilibrium points of non congestion warning information and congestion warning information in the model were analyzed, and the optimal control strategy of the model was proposed. Numerical simulation was conducted to verify the results of theoretical analysis, simulate and analyze the impact of changes in various parameters in the model on the dissemination of congestion warning information, and perform sensitivity analysis on several parameters. The results indicate that travelers are more inclined towards “fast” modes of transportation and have a stronger willingness to share congestion warning information. The dissemination range of warning information is wider, which can play a positive role in reducing traffic congestion pressure.

Travel Intentions Towards Contact Limited Tourism: A Survey of Students and Lecturers in Vietnam

ABSTRACT The study on contact limited tourism stems from consumer behavior research dedicated to reducing customer interaction in consumer services. Its primary focus was to examine the behavioral intentions of tourists amid the post-COVID-19 pandemic, specifically exploring the concept of contact limited tourism. The investigation involved surveying students and lecturers in the Ho Chi Minh City area, employing the Theory of Planned Behavior model. This model helped assess how individuals’ perceptions of COVID-19 risks influenced their inclination to partake in travel with limited contact. The research findings highlight that factors like risk perception, subjective norms, and behavior control positively impact travel attitudes favoring limited contact. These results hold significance as specifically explore the concept of contact limited tourism, shedding light on the importance of reduced physical interactions in travel. This insight is valuable for designing and marketing tourism services in a post-pandemic era.

The impact of relocations on distances traveled for commuting and grocery shopping: structural equation models of panel data

AbstractResidential relocations open a window of opportunity to decrease distances to work and other important daily destinations, such as grocery stores. This study investigates changes in trip distances after residential relocation, using data from a panel survey of 435 movers in Germany. We estimate two structural equation models for changes in commute and shopping trip distance. These models additionally allow us to draw insights into the relationships between spatial structure, travel attitudes, satisfaction with the accessibility of the workplace or shopping facilities, and housing preferences in residential location search. We find that there is a weak indication of an association between residential location choice and changes in trip distances. However, the analysis suggests that especially long trip distances are shortened through relocation. While residents in urban areas travel on average shorter distances, both for working and grocery shopping, only the shopping distance decreases after a move to a more urban location. A preference for urban structures leads to an increase in urbanity after relocation only in the model for grocery shopping trips. Even though long trips before relocation lead to dissatisfaction with the commute, we do not observe a direct effect of dissatisfaction with trips or reasons for moving on trip distances after a move.

Navigating post-pandemic urban mobility: Unveiling intentions for shared micro-mobility usage across three U.S. cities

The COVID-19 pandemic has had a far-reaching impact on travel patterns, leading to a ubiquitous yet unequal decrease in mobility across transportation modes. Specifically, shared mobility services experienced a shift in demand due to increased concerns about COVID-19 transmission. As we move beyond the pandemic, gaining insights into the evolving travel demand landscape becomes crucial for adapting operations to the new normal of travel behavior. To that end, this study seeks to examine travelers’ intentions to adopt shared e-scooters and bikes in a scenario where COVID-19 risk is no longer a prominent factor. To achieve this, survey data were collected in Fall 2022 from three cities in the Midwest U.S. with different sizes, population densities, and maturity of shared mobility services. The survey solicited respondents’ opinions about their willingness to adopt shared mobility services in a future scenario. Covariance-based multigroup structural equation modeling (MG-SEM) was conducted to compare travel attitudes and perceptions among users from the three cities. Findings highlight the positive influence of attitudes, perceived behavioral control, and social norms on intentions to use micro-mobility. Additionally, the study reveals an unexpected positive influence of COVID-19 risk perception on intentions in one of the three cities, presenting an opportunity for service providers to capitalize on the perceived safety of shared micro-mobility in the future. Information about the intention to use shared mobility can help service operators anticipate a potential rise in demand, inform their operations, implement incentives and employ new market strategies to boost ridership.

Study of Residents’ Ongoing Behavioural Intentions for Regular Bus Travel

With the emergence of novel transportation trends, regular buses have experienced a significant decline in passenger numbers. Consequently, it becomes imperative to conduct studies on passengers’ intentions. This particular investigation employed a meticulously designed survey questionnaire to gather data, and developed a new model that integrates the theory of planned behaviour, technology acceptance model and expectation confirmation theory. The primary aim was to explore the key factors that influence residents’ ongoing behavioural intentions towards regular public bus travel. Furthermore, a gender-based multi-group analysis was conducted to investigate the impact mechanism of gender differences on ongoing behavioural intentions. The new model demonstrates various degrees of positive or negative influences among the variables, thereby confirming its universal applicability. Moreover, the multi-group analysis reveals that compared to gender, travel satisfaction has a stronger impact on women’s intentions, while travel attitude has a stronger impact on men’s intentions to travel by certain mean of transport. Simultaneously, perceived behavioural control does not significantly affect persistent intention for women but has a significant positive impact on persistent intention for men. Furthermore, perceived ease of use does not significantly impact perceived usefulness for women but has a significant positive effect on perceived usefulness for men. These research findings bear great significance in promoting environmentally-friendly travel practices.

TOD effects on travel behavior: A synthesis of evidence from cross-sectional and longitudinal studies

The impacts of transit-oriented development (TOD) on travel behavior have been extensively studied, with a predominant focus on cross-sectional analyses that provide a static evaluation at a specific point in time by comparing TODs and non-TODs. Longitudinal assessments that capture changes in behavior over time remain relatively uncommon, and the literature tends to overlook differences in evaluating TOD effects across cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses. Additionally, the role of trip purpose as a significant but unexplored variable influencing the degree of TOD effects is often disregarded. To address these gaps, this systematic review examines 48 quantitative studies, comparing the effects of TOD on travel behavior from cross-sectional and longitudinal perspectives, restructuring indicators of effects into transit use, non-motorized travel, vehicle dependence, and vehicle ownership, and differentiating the effects by trip purpose. A metric has been introduced to quantitatively assess the impact of TOD on travel behavior. The pooled results indicate that private vehicle usage remains high in TOD areas, particularly for non-commuting trips, and that the longitudinal effects of TOD are limited and potentially influenced by individual travel attitudes, residential self-selection, and long-term travel habit change. Furthermore, the methodological differences between cross-sectional and longitudinal studies may lead to divergent conclusions regarding the effects of TOD on travel behavior. Our analysis sheds light on the importance of carefully selecting an appropriate method for a given research question to maximize the accuracy and relevance of the findings. Combining TOD and shared mobility can create a more efficient multi-model transport network that meets the diverse needs of city residents and improves accessibility for all. Overall, this review provides new insights into the impacts of TOD on travel behavior and supports the potential for a paradigm shift toward multimodal transport through the integration of TOD and shared mobility.

Unveiling the impact of consumer animosity and risk perception on tourists’ decision-making

This study examines the impact of diplomatic tensions between South Korea and Japan on tourist decision-making, with a focus on consumer animosity and risk perception. The results indicate that both factors significantly influence attitudes toward visiting Japan, with consumer animosity and avoidance having a direct negative and positive effect, respectively. Consistent with previous research, this study emphasizes the critical role of consumer animosity within the theory of planned behavior framework, highlighting the influential roles of travel attitudes and perceived behavioral control. Specifically, it stresses the importance of considering both cognitive and affective risk perceptions in the context of consumer boycotts and the political instability of destinations. Furthermore, it highlights the key role of tourists’ attitudes toward traveling to Japan, suggesting the need for Japan to prioritize risk management amid the ongoing boycott movement. The study reveals the nuanced role of perceived behavioral control, which has a stronger effect on avoidance intentions than on visit intentions due to anti-purchase movements and negative sentiments at the destination in scenarios of hedonic consumption with high risk and uncertainty.

Understanding the attitudes of travelers towards incentive-based travel demand management strategies in Suzhou, China

Incentive-Based Travel Demand Management (IBTDM) strategies utilize monetary incentives to alleviate congestion by encouraging travelers to 1) alter travel routes, 2) shift departure times, 3) shift travel modes, and 4) eliminate trips. In recent years, plenty of IBTDM pilots have been successfully implemented. Since the implementation of IBTDM strategies is subject to incentive budgets and penetration rates, IBTDM administrations should determine how to wisely allocate budgets and how to detect potential participants. Therefore, the primary goal of this study is to discern the relationship between the travelers’ socio-demographic characteristics and their acceptability of various incentive strategies. To achieve this goal, we crafted a questionnaire based on Gaode Map’s implementation experience of IBTDM strategies in Beijing, China. This stated-preference survey was conducted in Suzhou, China, through Gaode Map, with 1,054 potential IBTDM participants participating. The survey results reveal predominantly positive attitudes among travelers toward IBTDM strategies. Notably, travelers exhibit greater receptivity to strategies aimed at shifting travel modes compared to those aimed at shifting departure times. Besides, travelers’ acceptability of IBTDM strategies is significantly influenced by factors such as their preference for public transportation, OD, gender, income, education, and the number of private vehicles. It could be inferred that targeting female college students may be particularly effective, given their high acceptability of IBTDM. These insights offer guidance to administrators for designing targeted strategies and enhancing penetration among the preferred demographic groups in order to maximize the utility of incentive budgets.

Revealing the Impacts of the Pandemic on Travel Behavior by Examining Pre- and Post-COVID-19 Surveys

Recently, the topic of travel behavior and social media usage has been widely discussed. The current study specifically focuses on how specific factors, such as the sociodemographic variables, the number of friends, the social media usage, and the ICT usage, influence their travel patterns based on survey results conducted in pre- and post-COVID-19 times. The effect of the COVID-19 pandemic is taken into consideration to better understand the impact of restrictions on travel attitudes. Statistical analysis is carried out to investigate the survey data. The results show that the pandemic has made a huge impact on general travel behavior, especially in terms of transport mode choice shifting towards individual modes, such as car and walking. The location choice of the participants has a significant connection to the available transport mode and the price range of the place, together with the retrieved information from the ICT devices. Based on the results, it can be seen that the pandemic has deepened the number of close friendships, but younger people do not tend to choose trendy places anymore. In addition, the results show that there is no direct connection between the number of friends and the number of meetings, and the daily online meetings have not replaced all personal meetings.

포스트 팬데믹 시대 위험지각이 해외여행 태도와 행동의도에 미치는 영향

포스트 팬데믹 시대 위험지각이 해외여행 태도와 행동의도에 미치는 영향

Travellers’ Attitude and Intention towards post Covid-19 Travel: The Moderating Role of Traveller Personality Type

COVID-19 has crucially changed the motivations, attitudes, and behaviours of travellers. This study explores the shifts in travel attitudes after the COVID-19 pandemic and how these changes affect the intention for upcoming travels. It investigates the moderating role of the traveller personality in forming the relationships between travel attitude’s antecedents and future travel intention. The study adopts the deductive approach and employs the quantitative method to achieve its aim. It compares the perceptions collected via a questionnaire from random travellers from three countries: UAE, Egypt, and Jordan. PLS-SEM is used for data analysis. It is revealed that protection motivation intentions, destination selection factors, and travel patterns/ arrangements predict travel attitudes post the pandemic. Cautious travellers are highly concerned with protection intentions and destination selection post-epidemic compared with normal travellers. Findings help us understand the shifts in travel attitudes and intentions after the pandemic. Understating the influence of the epidemic on tourists’ attitudes and intention to travel post-pandemic is strongly needed to accelerate tourism recovery and ensure a safe travel environment for tourists. Theoretically, the study responds to the research calls for examining the changes in travel motivations, attitudes, and behaviours. Practically, the study profiles travellers based on their travel personality (i.e., cautious versus normal travellers) and identifies the characteristics of each category. This will help destination marketers and service providers to adopt the relevant strategies to meet the tourists’ needs, expectations and fears in the post-pandemic new normal.

Investigating the factors influencing urban residents’ low-carbon travel intention: A comprehensive analysis based on the TPB model

Urban traffic and travel have long been a global concern, impacting the functionality and sustainable development of cities. This study utilized an extended Theory of Planned Behavior (TPB) model to investigate the factors influencing urban residents' intentions for low-carbon travel. The findings indicated that attitude, subjective norm, and perceived behavioral control positively contribute to low-carbon travel intentions, with attitude emerging as the most influential determinant. Additionally, travel habits positively influence attitudes and intentions towards low-carbon travel. The effects of perceived value on low-carbon travel attitude and intention vary across different types. This study highlighted the Importance of travel habits and perceived values as determinants of attitudes and intentions toward low-carbon travel and applied the TPB to provide a theoretical framework for analyzing and explaining the transformative process of individuals' intentions for low-carbon travel.

Air travel and persuasive climate communications

This study explores whether air travel attitudes can be changed through persuasive climate change communications. A 3 x 2 experimental design was utilized to test the impact of climate-framed messages on Australian tourists’ attitudes towards leisure air travel. The manipulations were persuasive advertisements framed around attitude functions, containing either central or peripheral message cues. The results indicate that utilitarian and value-expressive messages containing central arguments were most impactful. Climate concern and objective knowledge also served critical roles in message elaboration. Our results indicate that persuasive climate communications are integral in changing air travel attitudes and overcoming moral disengagement. Such messages targeting consumers therefore play an essential role in transitioning to lower carbon mobilities.

Gender disparities in multimodal travel Attitudes, Behavior, and satisfaction

Gender disparities in multimodal travel Attitudes, Behavior, and satisfaction

Age or generation? Understanding behaviour differences

This paper argues that Age-Period-Cohort theory offers a much more robust explanation of changes in tourist behaviour over time than the traditional Generation Cohort Theory model. The study conducted a systematic examination of contemporary literature of the travel attitudes, motives and behaviours of four generations of 20 somethings and identified far more similarities than differences, with most differences attributable to period effects.

The roles of social media and mutual relationships between travel attitudes and brand equity

PurposeThe purpose of this study has to conduct an integrated effective evaluation system to discover consumers' travel attitudes of the culinary experiences or cuisines and establishing an optimal mutual relationship of a brand equity evaluation model.Design/methodology/approachBased on a sample of 624 participants, the results support that social media engagement has indirect effects on culinary brand equity development through travel attitudes and information sharing.FindingsThe study finds that values are expressed as foundational attributes that have indirect effects on brand equity through hedonic function, perceived quality, brand awareness and brand image. In contrast, the social interaction mechanism strengthens subdimensional relationships. These findings extend the customer brand equity literature and the nature of tourists' perspectives in the context of Taiwan's culinary destination brand equity.Practical implicationsIt is a suggestion for tourism and hospitality managers to identify the different characteristics of attitudes towards visits and the customers' desert of participation in food-related activities when it derives to the classifications of food and culinary tourism.Originality/valueThe current study extended the findings and asserted that social interaction leads to and strengthens the relationships between memorable culinary hedonic experiences and perceived quality and improves tourists' positive awareness and image compared to other tourism experiences.

Analisa Persepsi Risiko terhadap Niat Wisata dan Persyaratan Tes Covid-19 di Indonesia

The global pandemic of Covid-19, including Indonesia, impacted limited mobility and caused several industrial sectors crises. Industries with direct contact have an enormous impact, such as tourism, which has suffered losses due to a decrease in foreign tourists. The disadvantages can be overcome by developing the intention to visit domestic tourists. This study was conducted to analyze the willingness to pay for travel requirements in Indonesia and the impact of the perceived risk of traveling on travel intentions used Theory Planned Behavior (TPB). Structural equation modeling was used on seven hypotheses measured by 246 respondents. The results of this study indicate that the intention to travel is influenced by the willingness to pay for travel requirements through three variables the perception of risk, positive travel attitudes and perceived behavioral control. This study advises the government to increase health consciousness and the importance of Covid-19 tests to reduce the spread. The tourism industry can provide promotions by showing trust and low risk that the trip will be fun, positive, and accessible

Travel-based residential dissonance as a motivation for relocation: An analysis of movers in Germany

Residential self-selection potentially influences both the built environment at the residential location and travel behavior. However, the impact of (travel-related) residential self-selection on residential relocation is not yet clear. We analyzed a sample of 3,629 German respondents planning to relocate. This allows us to examine the relationship between the motivation to relocate, residential satisfaction and residential dissonance as a mismatch between travel attitudes and the structure of the neighborhood. We develop a binary and a continuous indicator of residential dissonance. The binary indicator classifies 35% of respondents as dissonant. Two logistic regression analyses model the probability of indicating the neighborhood as a reason for a planned move among urban and non-urban residents. Residential dissonance is found to have an impact on the satisfaction with the neighborhood, but there are other characteristics that make residents want to leave their current neighborhood, such as dissatisfaction with the neighbors, safety and cleanliness and quietness. In non-urban areas, the satisfaction with the quality of transit motivates relocations, while dissatisfaction with the accessibility of the workplace, shopping facilities and leisure activities for young people are important reasons for urban residents. The results suggest that dissatisfaction toward travel-related characteristics of a neighborhood has a significant, though small influence on the desire to leave the current neighborhood but the more general ‘dissonance’ does not. Hence, characteristics respondents value may be more specific, rather than reflecting a general preference for urban vs. non-urban areas. We draw some conclusions for transport policies in urban and non-urban areas.

Linking residential mobility with daily mobility: A three-wave cross-lagged panel analysis of travel mode choices and preferences pre–post residential relocation in the Netherlands

The causal impact of the built environment on travel behaviours is a subject of debate. This debate especially concerns the independent effect of the built environment on the observed travel patterns after taking into account residential self-selection arising from pre-existing travel-related attitude. This study argues that travel attitude varies over time, and thus, is also reshaped by residential built environment and interrelated with residents’ travel behaviours. Focusing on the event of residential relocation in the Netherlands, this study longitudinally investigated the interrelations between travel mode choices and preferences before, immediately after and a year after the relocation. Results from the random-intercept cross-lagged panel models substantiated the residential self-selection based on the pre-relocation preferences for motorised means of transport, including cars and public transport. Moreover, travel mode preferences varied to a greater extent than travel mode use pre–post relocation, and especially, frequent use of public transport or bicycles stimulated by the new place of residence had a one-year lagged effect on developing the mode preference. Therefore, the structural role of residential built environment manifests as (re)shaping travel mode choices as well as mode-specific preferences in the process of residential relocation.