Traumatic Occlusion Research Articles

Mining and analysis of adverse event signals for alendronate based on the real-world data of FDA adverse event reporting system database

ABSTRACT Objective Our study aims to assess alendronate-related adverse events (AEs) from the US FDA adverse event reporting system database. Methods The AE data associated with alendronate between the first quarter of 2004 and the first quarter of 2024 were selected. Various signal quantification methods, including the ROR, PRR, BCPNN, and EBGM, were applied for analysis. Results In 34,943 reports where alendronate was the primary suspected drug for the AE, 24 affected system organ classes and 1046 significant preferred terms were identified in this study. Several significant AEs beyond drug instructions with strong signals were determined, including low turnover osteopathy, fracture delayed union, fracture nonunion, loss of anatomical alignment after fracture reduction, fracture malunion, periprosthetic fracture, carotid bruit, oral fibroma, traumatic occlusion, and phlebolith. The median time to onset of alendronate-related AEs was 306 days (interquartile range [IQR] 12–1,461 days), and the majority of cases occurred 2 years later (18.80%) and within 30 days (14.49%). Conclusions The current study detected multiple potential new AE signals for alendronate, and more clinical researches are required to further validate our results and clarify their associations.

Combined treatment of wounded with traumatic aneurysm of posterior communicating artery complicated by intraventricular hemorrhage

Cerebral blood vessel trauma (CBVT) is a serious condition of craniocerebral injury. According to literature data, different varieties of CBVT in penetrating gunshot craniocerebral injuries are found in 30–45 % of cases. Traumatic pseudoaneurysms are the most common finding in late evaluation and can lead to life-threatening episodes of intracranial hemorrhage.In addition, CBVT includestraumatic occlusion, dissection of vessels, rupture of cerebral arteries, formation of arteriovenous fistulas (carotid-cavernous anastomoses), venous stasis, etc. Injured persons with traumatic dissection and injury of vertebrobasilar pool have the highest risks of lethal outcome. There are no largerandomised trials and national recommendations for the treatment of CBVT, individual observations and small series of clinical cases have been published. In this connection, there is a need for a detailed analysis of all clinical cases, the development of tactics for early diagnosis and an algorithm for the treatment of wounded with CBVT.The article presents a review of the literature data that characterizes the current understanding of CBVT, and a clinical case of traumatic occlusion of the middle cerebral artery and pseudoaneurysm of the posterior communicating artery in a wounded man with a gunshot penetrating cranioorbital wound, who was treated at the neurosurgical center of the N.N. Burdenko Main Military Clinical Hospital.In the early period after the injury, the patient underwent endovasal occlusion of a traumatic aneurysm of the posterior connective artery by microspirals followed by local thrombolysis of intraventricular hematomas through a ventricular catheter. The catamnesis was 150 days, the score on the modified Rankin scale was 3, the Glasgow outcome scale extended was 5.

Appliance of digital technologies in diagnostics and prophylaxis of primary traumatic occlusion

Appliance of digital technologies in diagnostics and prophylaxis of primary traumatic occlusion

Artificial Intelligence for Detecting Periodontitis: Systematic Literature Review

Background The determination of the diagnosis of inflammatory periodontitis is generally based on clinical examination, which is then strengthened by radiographic examination. Still, the inequality of assessment of clinical conditions, along with limitations of radiographic interpretation, makes determining the diagnosis of the periodontal disease difficult. The use of artificial intelligence as a digital system approach is believed to reduce costs, time, the need for medical services, and medical errors that may occur due to human factors. Objective This systematic review study is to analyze the use of dental and panoramic radiographs combined with the use of artificial intelligence in establishing the diagnosis of periodontitis based on the parameters of periodontal disease severity according to the 2017 American Academy of Periodontology/European Federation of Periodontology Workshop (pocket depth, clinical attachment loss (CAL) and the pattern and level of alveolar bone damage that occurs). Methods Journal searches for articles published in English were carried out through the PubMed and Scopus databases in the 2011-2021 period, using the search terms periodontitis, periodontal disease, food impaction, trauma occlusion, periapical radiograph, panoramic, machine learning, artificial intelligence, and periodontal bone loss, after going through article selection, two suitable articles were obtained. Results Two studies fell into the analyzed category. Both list periodontal bone loss as a parameter that marks periodontitis, and the use of panoramic photos in detecting this parameter assisted by Convolutional Neural Networks as artificial intelligence. Conclusion The use of panoramic radiographs and Convolutional Neural Networks as artificial intelligence that serves as a tool to detect periodontal bone damage has almost the same results as experienced clinicians In order for this method to be developed in the future to help clinicians establish the diagnosis, more clinical and image data will be required.

Deconstructive repair of a direct carotid-cavernous fistula via a posterior circulation retrograde approach.

We report a case of a 24-year-old patient who presented after a head trauma with a traumatic occlusion of his left internal carotid artery. He underwent diagnostic cerebral angiogram and was found to have a direct left carotid-cavernous fistula (CCF) with retrograde filling from the posterior circulation across the posterior communicating artery. Because of the severe injury to the left internal carotid artery (ICA), reconstructive repair of the ICA was not possible. The patient underwent deconstructive repair of the CCF by coil embolization using a posterior retrograde approach. Coils were successfully placed in the cavernous sinus and back into the left ICA with complete cure of the CCF and restoration of cerebral perfusion distal to the treated CCF. We review the types of CCFs, their clinical presentation, and their endovascular treatments. Retrograde access of a direct CCF is rarely reported in the literature, and we believe this approach offers a viable alternative in appropriately selected patients.

MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES OF RAT PERIODONTIUM IN SUPRAOCCLUSAL RELATIONS OF INDIVIDUAL TEETH IN THE AGE ASPECT

Although the issue of the occlusal load influence on the occurrence of pathological phenomena in the body has been discussed for decades, it is still a subject of debate. Pathogenic occlusion is defined as excessive occlusal forces (premature contacts and interference) that can cause injuries to the dentition, including teeth and periodontal tissues. Changes in occlusal dimensions, if not properly performed or treated, can lead to dysfunctions of the dentition, such as joint clicking, difficulty in chewing, occlusal discomfort, muscle fatigue, and pain.
 Aim: to determine the morphological changes of periodontium in rats of different age groups in the supraocclusal relationship of individual teeth in the age aspect.
 Materials and methods of the study. The study was conducted on 60 white laboratory rats aged 4 to 22 months and weighing 90 to 330 g. The rats were divided into control (30 animals) and experimental (30 animals) groups. Each group was divided into 3 subgroups (10 animals each) depending on the age of the rats: young, mature and senile. Young animals included rats aged 3 4 months with a weight of 90 100 g; mature animals aged 6-8 months with a weight of 150 170 g; senile rats 20 22 months and weighing 200 220 g. In the experimental group, the state of supraocclusion was modeled by increasing the height of the lower right second molars by placing 1 mm high filling. For the placement of the filling, 37% orthophosphorus etching gel for enamel and dentin (Latus, Ukraine), microapplicators (Latus, Ukraine), the fifth generation Prime&Bond NT adhesive system (Dentsply Sirona, Germany), the universal microhybrid light-curing composite material Latelux (Latus, Ukraine) and the photopolymerizer LED.D (WOODPECKER, China) were used according to the manufacturer's instructions. The experimental animals were withdrawn from the experiment on the 15th day by decapitation under general anesthesia with sodium thiopental. The lower jaws were skeletonized, and dental blocks were cut out in the area of the molars. For histological examination, the dental blocks were fixed in a 10% solution of neutral formalin for two days, dehydrated in alcohols of increasing concentration and embedded in paraffin. Then, sections were made from the obtained preparations on a Shandon Finesse 325 rotary microtome with a section thickness of 4-6 μm. The histological sections were fixed on degreased slides and dried. Van Gieson staining was performed. The width of the periodontal gap was determined using the ZEISS ZEN 3.7 program by Carl Zeiss Microscopy.
 Results of the study. Histometric analysis has showed significant morphological changes in the experimental group of all age categories. In young rats, the fibrinoid edema phenomena of the periodontal ligament collagen fibers were observed. In mature rats, there was a picture of mucoid edema of collagen fibers of the periodontal ligament. In senile rats, fibrinoid necrosis of collagen fibers of the periodontal ligament were discovered, an inflammatory infiltrate, macrophages and neutrophils, with a predominance of neutrophilic inflammatory microenvironment, and initial hyaline tissue changes were found. In all age groups, there was cement resorption on the lateral surfaces of the tooth root, lacunar resorption of alveolar bone tissue and the presence of a large number of osteoclasts. In senile rats, hypercementosis was determined in the apical part of the root. In the control group of all age categories, neither resorption nor disorganization of connective tissue, nor hypercementosis was detected.
 Conclusions. The study shows that traumatic occlusion leads to resorption of root and alveolar cementum in all age groups. In young rats, traumatic occlusion causes fibrinoid edema of collagen fibers of the periodontal ligament. In mature rats, traumatic occlusion causes mucoid edema of collagen fibers of the periodontal ligament. In senile rats, traumatic occlusion causes fibrinoid necrosis of collagen fibers of the periodontal ligament, initial hyaline tissue changes and hypercementosis.

Osteoarthritis of the temporomandibularjoint

Osteoarthritis (OA) is a degenerativejoint disease marked by progressive lossof articular cartilage and damage of bony components. The clinical features include;joint pain, crepitus and limitation of movement. The exact cause of OA is unknownhowever some authors consider it as a multifaetorial disease. The age and over usageare the most common tactors, in addition to race and sex. ln case oftemporomandibular joint(TMJ), traumatic occlusion, and over load caused byparafunctions are additional factors. The purpose ofthis investigation was to study theTMJ) arthropathy among a group of Iraqi patients previously diagnosed as having(.OAOne hundred patients with OA are used in this study. They were examined.clinically and radiographically for effects of systemic OA on TMJResults of the study revealed that 39% of patients with OA have TMJ lesions ofdifferent degrees ranged between osteophytes, diminusion of joint space and bone.distruction ofglenoid fossa and head of condyleDental management of temporomandibular joints affected with OA usuallyaim to suppress the active disease, preserve functions, prevent deformity and relievepain. Early detection of the disease and early commencement of management greatly ireduce joint destruction and improve prognosis. Results of this study indicated thatl1% of patients had only TMJ lesions, with no other joints lesions. Because ofdifficulty of interpretation of TMJ radiographs we suggest criteria for radiographicdiagnosis of osteoarthritis ofthe TMJ

True Eye Emergencies

Eye emergency is an eye emergency where a condition requires immediate medical attention due to sudden changes in eye health or vision. This case series aims to determine various cases of eye emergencies. The method used is a descriptive case series report design based on true eye emergency case in tertiary referral hospital. The sampling technique used was accidental sampling with the respondents being emergency department patients, totaling 8 respondents. Data was obtained by observation, interviews and participant observation. Management is traced from anamnesis to evaluation. The eye emergencies cases included are chemical trauma, penetrating trauma, endophthalmitis, acute attack glaucoma, open trauma of the eyeball, central retinal artery occlusion, corpus alienum, and mechanical trauma. Handling eye emergencies focuses on precision, accuracy and response time.

CHANGES IN THE WIDTH OF THE PERIODONTAL GAP OF RATS WITH SUPRAOCCLUSAL RELATIONSHIPS OF INDIVIDUAL TEETH IN THE AGE ASPECT

Introduction. The dentoalveolar apparatus is a complex of complicated interaction of the jaws, masticatory muscles, teeth, and temporomandibular joints. This connection is carried out by the trigeminal nerve system with sensory and motor nuclei closely connected to the cortical and subcortical centers of the brain. Occlusal trauma is a lesion that develops in the periodontium as a result of forces that exceed the periodontal potential for functional adaptation. Occlusal trauma can be classified as primary or secondary. The first one occurs in the pulp and periodontal ligament when the force of the action on the dental structures is greater than usual, under optimal periodontal support conditions. It includes orthodontic movements, "high" restorations, and parafunctional habits such as bruxism. Secondary occlusal trauma occurs when the teeth with previous supporting tissue changes are subjected to the action of normal and excessive forces with supporting tissue changes caused by periodontal disease or previous trauma. The available evidence has demonstrated that bacterial plaque bioactive substances lead to local inflammatory responses in periodontal tissues which contribute to bone tissue resorption through osteoclasts in periodontitis. Excessive functional stress can initiate inflammatory changes in the periodontium and thus, increase destructive bacterial processes. Traumatic occlusion can expand the space of the periodontal ligament and in this way stimulate apical bacterial migration and proliferation. However, few attempts have been made to investigate the molecular mechanisms that trigger bone tissue resorption in traumatic occlusion. The analysis of publications on the studies of morphological changes in periodontal tissues in individual teeth supraocclusion in the age aspect shows the contradictory data. The aim: to determine the morphometric changes of the periodontal gap as a component of the periodontal complex in rats of different age groups in the supraocclusal relationship of individual teeth in the age aspect. Materials and methods of the study. The scientific experiment was conducted on 60 white laboratory rats aged 4 to 22 months and weighing 90 to 330 g. The rats were divided into control (30 animals) and experimental (30 animals) groups. Each group was divided into 3 subgroups (10 animals each) depending on the age of the rats: young, mature and senile. Young animals included rats aged 3–4 months with a weight of 90–100 g; mature animals - aged 6–8 months with a weight of 150–170 g; senile rats – 20–22 months and weighing 200–220 g. The method of modelling the state of supraocclusal relations of individual teeth is described in the previous publication. For histological examination of dental blocks, the following was performed. Fixation in a 10% solution of neutral formalin for two days, dehydration in alcohols of increasing concentration and embedding in paraffin. After preparation, sections were made on a Shandon Finesse 325 rotary microtome with a section thickness of 4-6 µm. The histological sections were fixed on pre-degreased slides and dried. Van Gieson staining was performed. The width of the periodontal gap was determined using the ZEISS ZEN 3.7 program by Carl Zeiss Microscopy. For statistical data processing, the AtteStat v.12.5 software was used to determine the mean value and its standard error (M±m). The probability of a statistically significant difference between the data obtained was assessed using the Student's parametric test (at a significance level of p ≤ 0.05). All samples were tested for normality using the Gupta test. Results of the study. Statistical differences were observed in rats of all groups, as well as between the indicators of all rats of the control and experimental groups (≤0.05). The width of the periodontal gap increased by 34.1% in young rats, by 25.5% in mature rats, and by 21.1% in senile rats. Conclusions The presence of supraocclusal relationships of individual teeth causes an increase in the periodontal gap in rats of all age groups. The greatest expansion of the periodontal gap has occurred in young rats. The width of the periodontal gap in rats decreases with age.

Evaluation of cranio-mandibular dysfunction in patients with dento-maxillary anomalies using the Helkimo index

Introduction. Dento-maxillary anomalies are characterized by changes in the size, shape, position and inclination of the morphological elements that make up the stomatognathic system. Recent studies demonstrate the fact that not only traumatic occlusion (OT) is the etiological factor of TMJ dysfunction. But muscular factors, vicious habits and dento-maxillary anomalies are also involved. Created by the Marti Helkimo in 1972 to investigate the prevalence and severity of signs and symptoms of temporomandibular dysfunction. Material and method. The study was carried out on a group of 78 patients from the personal case with various dento-maxillary anomalies and TMJ suffering. We statistically processed the data obtained from the clinical examination, in order to compare the situation of patients with temporomandibular dysfunction compared to that of patients without joint disorders at the time of the initial examination. Results. Most patients with class II/2 anomalies: 42.86% presented an anamnestic index of I, and a percentage of 20.69% had a Helkimo anamnestic index of II. So with this type of anomaly, the patients indicated obvious signs of ATM dysfunction. The Helkimo anamnestic index had the highest scores in the II/2 anomaly in the female sex, followed by class II/1 anomalies in the male gender. This index correlates better with the clinical one in the female for all types of anomalies. Conclusion. The most important examination in the case of TMJ pathology is represented by the thorough clinical examination. There is a directly proportional relationship between the degree of severity of the malocclusion and the Helkimo index points.

Features of the state of occlusion with partial loss of teeth (literature review)

This article provides an overview of literature sources devoted to the peculiarities of the state of occlusion in partial loss of teeth and modern methods of studying occlusive relationships. The clinical picture of partial tooth loss is quite diverse, while changes in occlusive relationships may occur due to the development of deformities of the dentition, the formation of traumatic occlusion, changes in the function of a group of teeth in the presence or absence of antagonists. An increase in the functional load on the preserved teeth entails a structural restructuring of occlusion, which at the initial stages of compensation manifests itself in the form of localized increased erasability of teeth with an increase in the area of occlusal contacts, enamel cracks, and then, as the reserve capabilities of the periodontal decrease, leads to the appearance of mobility and a change in the position of teeth.

Functional condition of the temporomandibular joint in civil aviation pilots and flight attendants

BACKGROUND: Civil aviation pilots are under constant psychological stress, which is chronic stress. Chronic stress and overexertion are assumed to negatively affect the entire body in general and the maxillary system in particular, changing the morphofunctional condition of maxillofacial muscles and the temporomandibular joint (TMJ).
 AIM: To conduct a comprehensive comparative study of the functional state of the dental system of civil aviation pilots and flight attendants, which includes a clinical examination using a simple Hamburg test and TMJ sound vibrography.
 MATERIALS AND METHODS: The study enrolled 30 pilots and 30 flight attendants in the comparison group. The standard clinical examination was performed using the Hamburg test. Vibrographic examination of the TMJ using the BioJVA device from the BioPAK complex (BioResearch, USA) was also conducted.
 RESULTS: In the Hamburg test, joint clicks and traumatic eccentric occlusion were detected more often in pilots than in flight attendants. According to the results of vibrography, cases with an integral index of 80 PaHz were observed two times more often among pilots than among flight attendants. This indicates possible TMJ pathology.
 CONCLUSION: Clinical examination combined with the Hamburg test and vibrography revealed that symptoms of TMJ dysfunction occur much more often among civil aviation pilots than among flight attendants.

Histological changes in pulp-dentin complex in tooth subjected to traumatic occlusion and subluxation

BackgroundThis study evaluated the influence of traumatic occlusion in the dentin-pulp complex a molar teeth submitted to subluxation. Material and methodsNinety Wistar rats were divided into groups Naïve (N), Subluxation (S) and Subluxation with traumatic occlusion (STO) and submitted to histological analysis after 7 and 21 days. A quantitative analysis was submitted to one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post-hoc test, and Chi-square and Bonferronís post-hoc test. ResultsS and STO showed a significant increase in blood vessels area (p < 0.0005), amorphous fundamental substance (p < 0.0005) and reactionary dentin formation (p < 0.0005), as well as a decrease in the nuclear profile (p < 0.0005), odontoblast layer (p = 0.013 and p < 0.0005) by day 7 when compared with N. These changes normalized by day 21, except for the reactionary dentin (p < 0.0005) in both S and STO groups. Interestingly, the STO group exhibited significant changes in the increase of pulp calcification (p < 0.0005), presence of tubules with nuclei (p < 0.0005), and inflammatory infiltrate (p < 0.0005), as well reduction of nuclear profile (p < 0.0005), odontoblast layer (p < 0.0005) compared with N and S at day 21. ConclusionsSTO impaired the defence response and decreased pulp regeneration capacity by increasing the inflammatory infiltrate and pulp calcification, and decreasing the nucleated cell number in the odontoblast layer and central pulp.

Critical systolic blood pressure threshold for endovascular aortic occlusion-A multinational analysis to determine when to place a REBOA.

Systolic blood pressure (SBP) is a potential indicator that could guide when to use a resuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) in trauma patients with life-threatening injuries. This study aims to determine the optimal SBP threshold for REBOA placement by analyzing the association between SBP pre-REBOA and 24-hour mortality in severely injured hemodynamically unstable trauma patients. We performed a pooled analysis of the aortic balloon occlusion (ABO) trauma and AORTA registries. These databases record the details related to the use of REBOA and include data from 14 countries worldwide. We included patients who had suffered penetrating and/or blunt trauma. Patients who arrived at the hospital with a SBP pre-REBOA of 0 mm Hg and remained at 0 mm Hg after balloon inflation were excluded. We evaluated the impact that SBP pre-REBOA had on the probability of death in the first 24 hours. A total of 1,107 patients underwent endovascular aortic occlusion, of these, 848 met inclusion criteria. The median age was 44 years (interquartile range [IQR], 27-59 years) and 643 (76%) were male. The median injury severity score was 34 (IQR, 25-45). The median SBP pre-REBOA was 65 mm Hg (IQR, 49-88 mm Hg). Mortality at 24 hours was reported in 279 (32%) patients. Math modeling shows that predicted probabilities of the primary outcome increased steadily in SBP pre-REBOA below 100 mm Hg. Multivariable mixed-effects analysis shows that when SBP pre-REBOA was lower than 60 mm Hg, the risk of death was more than 50% (relative risk, 1.5; 95% confidence interval, 1.17-1.92; p = 0.001). In patients who do not respond to initial resuscitation, the use of REBOA in SBPs between 60 mm Hg and 80 mm Hg may be a useful tool in resuscitation efforts before further decompensation or complete cardiovascular collapse. The findings from our study are clinically important as a first step in identifying candidates for REBOA. Prognostic and Epidemiological; Level IV.

Outcome of Permanent Canine Teeth Following Extraction of Linguoverted Deciduous Mandibular Canine Teeth in 28 Dogs.

Linguoverted mandibular canine teeth (LMC) are a common cause of class 1 malocclusion, which may result in a traumatic occlusion. When deciduous LMC are diagnosed, extraction is commonly performed to alleviate traumatic occlusion. This retrospective study was designed to observe the outcome of the permanent dentition in dogs with a class 1 malocclusion receiving treatment for deciduous LMC. Medical records from a veterinary dental referral hospital were used to identify patients that underwent extraction of deciduous LMC's prior to the eruption of the permanent mandibular canine teeth. The permanent occlusion was then evaluated once the permanent mandibular canine teeth were erupting. Of the 28 dogs identified and treated for deciduous LMC's, 78.6% (22/28) had a normal permanent occlusion. The 6 patients identified with permanent LMC's were all diagnosed when the patients were between 20 and 29 weeks of age. Of these 6 patients, 5 received gingivectomy and gingivoplasty treatment to correct the permanent LMC. Treatment was declined by the pet owner of the sixth patient. Overall, the majority of dogs in this study with a class 1 malocclusion and deciduous LMC's treated with extractions prior to the eruption of the permanent mandibular canine teeth had a normal permanent occlusion.

Occlusal Contact Changes With Traumatic Occlusion After Orthodontic Treatment: A Prospective Study

Aim: The aim of this study was to evaluate trauma from occlusion in patients undergoing orthodontic treatment through assessment of fremitus, pocket depth, gingival biotype, and occlusal contacts pre-orthodontic treatment (T0) and post-orthodontic treatment (T1). Materials and Methods: This prospective randomized trial included 40 participants selected based on a simple random sampling method, of which 27 were women and 13 were men with ages ranging from 25 to 40 years. All the participants were clinically checked for gingival recession, fremitus, pocket depth, gingival biotype, and occlusal contacts obtained via digital intraoral scans and fed to 3Shape software to perform the occlusal mapping analysis for pre-orthodontic treatment (T0) and post-orthodontic treatment (T1). T-Scan occlusal analysis was performed to check the force levels pertaining to each tooth. A paired t-test was done to find out the changes in fremitus, pocket depth, gingival biotype, and number of occlusal contacts between T0 and T1. Results: Results of paired t-tests showed a statistically significant difference for fremitus between T0 and T1 ( p &lt; .05). Gingival biotype and pocket depth did not show any improvement post-orthodontic treatment (T1) ( p &gt; .05). Number of traumatic occlusal contacts reduced at T1 for incisors and canines showing a statistically significant difference between T0 and T1 ( p &lt; .05). Conclusion: Orthodontic treatment helps in relieving the traumatic occlusal contacts, especially in the incisors and canine regions. As the teeth are relieved from traumatic occlusal contacts, fremitus also has shown to have drastically improved at the end of orthodontic treatment. Gingival biotype and pocket depth might take a longer time to regenerate and improve, which requires long-term observation.

A Comparative Evaluation of Enamel Wear Against Different Surface Finished Ceramics: An In Vitro Study.

An essential factor in the clinical acceptability of all ceramic restorations is the degree of tooth enamel wear. Wear of human enamel has been shown to produce traumatic occlusion, loss of vertical dimension, supra eruption of opposing teeth, periodontal disintegration, and temporomandibular dysfunction. To assess and compare enamel wear against two different ceramics (IPS Empress and Zirconia) and against three different ceramic surface treatments (autoglazed, overglazed, and polished). Zirconia and IPS Empress (Ivoclar Vivadent, Liechtenstein) ceramic samples totaled 30, of which 10 each underwent glaze, overglaze, or polishing with Diaglaze polishing paste. Using a horizontal pin on the disc machine, 60 mounted premolar tooth samples were produced and put through wear tests against ceramic discs. Prior to and following wear, the weight of the tooth samples was measured, and the results were then statistically analyzed using the student t-test, unpaired t-test, and analysis of variance (ANOVA). The qualitative data employed proportions, and the quantitative data used mean and standard deviation to express statistical information. The threshold of significance was set at 5% (α = 0.05). The results for weight loss after 25,000 cycles for ceramic surfaces that had been overglazed were just a little bit greater than those for ceramic surfaces that had been autoglazed and polished. In each of the various subgroups, it was shown that the weight loss values obtained with polished ceramic after 25,000 cycles were significantly lower than those obtained with autoglazed and overglazed ceramic surfaces (P=0.001). When comparing the results produced by the two separate primary groups, IPS Empress and Zirconia, there was no statistically significant difference between the autoglazed, overglazed, and polished groups. While statistically significant difference was seen for each subgroup of IPS and Zirconia (p ≤ 0.01), particularly Zirconia glazed (1.227) with a highly significant p-value of 0.00. The findings contribute to the understanding of the potential clinical implications of different ceramic materials and surface finishes in restorative dentistry, offering valuable insights for practitioners in their treatment decisions. Further research and clinical observations may be needed to corroborate these findings and guide evidence-based practices in dental restorations.

International registry on aortic balloon occlusion in major trauma: Partial inflation does not improve outcomes in abdominal trauma

BackgroundResuscitative endovascular balloon occlusion of the aorta (REBOA) is a method for temporary hemorrhage control used in haemodynamically unwell patients with severe bleeding. In haemodynamically unwell abdominal trauma patients, laparotomy remains the initial procedure of choice. Using REBOA in patients as a bridge to laparotomy is a novel option whose feasibility and efficacy remain unclear. We aimed to assess the clinical outcome in patients with abdominal injury who underwent both REBOA placement and laparotomy. MethodsThis is a retrospective study, including trauma patients with an isolated abdominal injury who underwent both REBOA placement and laparotomy, during the period 2011–2019. All data were collected via the Aortic Balloon Occlusion Trauma Registry database. ResultsOne hundred and three patients were included in this study. The main mechanism of trauma was blunt injury (62.1%) and the median injury severity score (ISS) was 33 (14–74). Renal failure and multi-organ dysfunction syndrome (MODS) occurred in 15.5% and 35% of patients, respectively. Overall, 30-day mortality was 50.5%. Post balloon inflation systolic blood pressure (SBP) >80 mmHg was associated with lower 24-h mortality (p = 0.007). No differences in mortality were found among patients who underwent partial occlusion vs. total occlusion of the aorta. ConclusionsOur results support the feasibility of REBOA use in patients with isolated abdominal injury, with survival rates similar to previous reports for haemodynamically unstable abdominal trauma patients. Post-balloon inflation SBP >80 mmHg was associated with a significant reduction in 24-h mortality rates, but not 30-day mortality. Total aortic occlusion was not associated with increased mortality, MODS, and complication rates compared with partial occlusion.

Clear Aligner Treatment as a Safe Method for Treating Occlusal Trauma in Elderly Patients

The case report presents an interdisciplinary treatment of a 65-year-old patient in whom an improper zirconium oxide-based prosthetic crown on tooth 21 resulted in occlusal trauma, causing displacement and extrusion of the tooth as well as its increased mobility to the second degree according to the Miller scale. The change in the position of tooth 21 led to the displacement of the teeth in the lower arch. The traumatic occlusion was eliminated with a short clear aligner treatment of fourteen aligners (seven basic and seven additional) of both arches followed by aligner retention. The treatment lasted 140 days. A clinical improvement in the periodontal condition and long-term increased stabilization of the loose tooth was obtained. After one year of retention, the tooth is still stable, and no sign of periodontal disease or recurrence of the occlusal trauma is noticeable.

Experimental traumatic occlusion drives immune changes in trigeminal ganglion

We previously demonstrated that experimental traumatic occlusion (ETO) induces a long-lasting nociceptive response. These findings were associated with altered neuronal patterns and suggestive satellite glial cell activation. This study aimed to elucidate the activation of satellite glial cells following ETO in the trigeminal ganglion. Moreover, we explored the involvement of resident and infiltrating cells in trigeminal ganglion in ETO. Finally, we investigated the overexpression of purinergic signaling and the CX3CL1/CX3CR1 axis. RT-qPCR and electrophoresis showed overexpression of GFAP in the trigeminal ganglion (TG), and immunohistochemistry corroborated these findings, demonstrating SGCs activation. ELISA reveals enhanced levels of TNF-α and IL-1β in TG after 28 d of ETO. In trigeminal ganglia, ETO groups improved the release of CX3CL1, and immunohistochemistry showed higher CX3CR1+ -immunoreactive cells in ETO groups. Immunohistochemistry and electrophoresis of the P2X7 receptor were found in ETO groups. The mRNA levels of IBA1 are upregulated in the 0.7-mm ETO group, while immunohistochemistry showed higher IBA1+ -immunoreactive cells in both ETO groups. The expression of CD68 by electrophoresis and immunohistochemistry was observed in the ETO groups. For last, ELISA revealed increased levels of IL-6, IL-12, and CCL2 in the TG of ETO groups. Furthermore, the mRNA expression revealed augmented transcription factors and cytokines associated with lymphocyte activation, such as RORγt, IL-17, Tbet, IFNγ, FOXP3, and IL-10. The findings of this study suggested that ETO activates SGCs in TG, and purinergic signaling and CX3CL1/CX3CR1 axis were upregulated. We uncovered the involvement of a distinct subtype of macrophages, named sensory neuron–associated macrophage activation (sNMAs), and detected an expanded number of infiltrated macrophages onto TG. These findings indicate that ETO induces chronic/persistent immune response.