Traumatic Basal Ganglia Hemorrhage Research Articles

Bilateral traumatic basal ganglia haemorrhage, a rare entity

Aims. Traumatic basal ganglia haemorrhage is rare entity but post traumatic bilateral basal ganglia hematoma is even extremely rare and was earlier presented as case reports. Its incidence is about 3% after a closed head injury however, the incidence is higher in post mortem studies.
 Material & Methods. Out of 1485 head injury patients admitted to our institute from January 2012 to January 2019, there were 9 cases of traumatic bilateral basal ganglia haemorrhage. The incidence of traumatic bilateral basal ganglia Haemorrhage in our series is 0.61% which is very less compared to previous literature.
 Results. There were 6 males and 3 females; age ranging from 19 to 50 years (average 32 years). Patients with hypertension, history of drugs abuse, history of coagulopathy, with doubtful history of trauma or unknown mode of injury were excluded from the study. The mode of injury in all the patients was road traffic accidents. Average follow up was 9.54 months. Outcome was assessed by Glasgow outcome Score. In 8 out of 9 patients, outcome was good. One patient died. All the nine cases were managed conservatively.
 Conclusion. We report nine cases from a single institute which to the best of our knowledge is the largest series in world literature. Prognosis is variable and dependent on many factors. The prognosis of TBGH is favourable if not associated with other disorders like hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and coagulation disorders or diffuse axonal injury.

Bilateral Traumatic Hemorrhage of the Basal Ganglia with Diffuse Axonal Injury: A Case Report and Review of Literature

ABSTRACT Traumatic brain injury is a major public health problem, and is the leading cause of mortality, morbidity, and disability in children and young adults, especially young men (15–35 years). Bilateral traumatic basal ganglia hemorrhage (TBGH) is a rare entity with less than eight cases reported in literature. The mechanism of this injury is not well understood, and various theories based on autopsy findings have been proposed to explain this injury. Outcome of TBGH is usually favorable, unless associated with other concomitant neuroparenchymal injuries. A case of traumatic bilateral basal ganglia hematoma has been discussed here with review of available literature on the subject. How to cite this article Rege SV, Narayan S, Patil H, Tadghare J. Bilateral Traumatic Hemorrhage of the Basal Ganglia with Diffuse Axonal Injury: A Case Report and Review of Literature. Panam J Trauma Crit Care Emerg Surg 2017;6(1):49-51.

An Unusual Combination of Posttraumatic Ipsilateral Basal Ganglia Infarction with Contralateral Hemorrhage: A Rare Case Report and Review of Literature

Posttraumatic ipsilateral basal ganglia infarction with contralateral hemorrhage (IBGICH) is an extremely rare neuropathologic entity. Hematomas or infarction of the basal ganglia in head injury have long been recognized but their mechanism has not been revealed clearly. It is presumed to be secondary to rupture and/or vasospasm, followed by thrombosis of the lenticulostriate and/or anterior choroidal artery. This happens by shearing stress as a result of acceleration or deceleration torques. Outcome of traumatic basal ganglia hemorrhage (TBGH) appears favorable unless it is large, associated with coagulation disorders or other intracranial injuries such as diffuse axonal injury, cerebral contusion etc. We present a rare case of a 32-year-old man with traumatic IBGICH (mirror-image). Patient was managed conservatively and discharged with residual paresis and aphasia. Mechanism of trauma, clinical features, management, and most importantly the medicolegal aspect of the TBGH is discussed.

Bilateral Traumatic Basal Ganglia Hemorrhage Associated with Diffuse Axonal Injury: A Report on Two New Cases and Review of Existing Literature

Traumatic basal ganglia hemorrhage (TBGH) refers to development of intraparenchymal bleed with in the basal ganglia, internal capsule, or thalamus. Though the reported incidence of TBGH is approximately 3% of all closed-head injuries, bilateral TBGH is much rarer, with only 13 cases reported to date. We present two additional cases of bilateral TBGH posttrauma, along with a review of the existing literature.

A Viewpoint on Treatment of Traumatic Bilateral Basal Ganglia Hemorrhage in a Child: Case Report

Traumatic basal ganglia hemorrhage (TBGH) is a rare presentation of head injuries. Bilateral lesions are extremely rare. The pathophysiologic mechanism of bilateral TBGH seems to be the same as diffuse axonal injury. However, limited information about childhood bilateral TBGH is available in the literature. We report the case of a child with bilateral TBGH treated with stereotactic aspiration of hemorrhage and periodic urokinase irrigation.

Traumatic bilateral basal ganglia hematoma: A report of two cases

Traumatic Basal ganglia hemorrhage is relatively uncommon. Bilateral basal ganglia hematoma after trauma is extremely rare and is limited to case reports. We report two cases of traumatic bilateral basal ganglia hemorrhage, and review the literature in brief. Both cases were managed conservatively.

Traumatic bilateral (mirror image) basal ganglia bleed

Bilateral traumatic hemorrhage of the basal ganglia is an extremely rare neuropathologic entity. Hematomas of the basal ganglia in head injury have long been recognized with an interest but their mechanism has not been revealed clearly. It is presumed to be secondary to rupture of the lenticulostriate or anterior choroidal artery by shearing as a result of acceleration/deceleration forces. Outcome of traumatic basal ganglia haemorrhage (TBGH) appears favourable unless it is large or associated with coagulation disorders or when it is associated with other intracranial injuries such as diffuse axonal injury, cerebral contusion etc. We present a rare case of 42 yrs old male with isolated bilateral (mirror-image) traumatic basal ganglia bleed. Mechanism, clinical features and management is discussed and available literature reviewed.

多発外傷を伴った重症外傷性基底核部出血の3例

多発外傷を伴った重症外傷性基底核部出血の3例

Traumatic basal ganglia haemorrhage: report of 7 cases

We report 7 cases of traumatic basal ganglia haemorrhage (TBGH), which is closely related to diffuse axonal injury (DAI). Although most of our patients were in coma for more than 24 hours, the outcome was relatively favourable. All the patients regained consciousness, and 2 of 4 patients with contralateral hemiparesis showed improvement. Although expressive and nonfluent aphasia occurred in 5 patients, all of them recovered completely. The outcome in TBGH may be better than previously believed.

Traumatic basal ganglia hemorrhage: clinicopathologic features and outcome.

Traumatic basal ganglia hemorrhage (TBGH) is probably secondary to rupture of lenticulostriate or anterior choroidal arteries. We evaluated 6 consecutive cases of this entity to define its clinical and pathologic dimensions. Relative frequency of TBGH was 3% (3 left, 3 right) in this acute rehabilitation population. Lesion size and associated pathology varied. Contralateral hemiparesis, present in all, recovered to varying extents, apparently related to lesion location (posterior limb, internal capsule, or midperiventricular white matter), not size. Prolonged muteness occurred in 4 of 6; these 4 patients also had severe diffuse axonal injury. Clinical findings corresponded with previously recognized subcortical hemisphere profiles. All achieved a moderate disability or good recovery rating on the Glasgow Outcome Scale. Rather than any features of the TBGH itself, duration of coma and/or associated temporal herniation predicted slower recovery and worse outcome. In conclusion, TBGH is a rare entity compatible with a favorable recovery, especially when occurring in isolation. The hemorrhage itself determines clinical signs related to particular subcortical structures involved and the side of the lesion. Overall cognitive impairment and speed and quality of recovery are more related to associated cerebral damage.